YIEW FRBH THE TREXlHES

B r i t a i n ' s P r e mi e r A S L J o u r n a I
Issue 12
Mar 97
UK 1.50
US $3.00
2 VIEW FROM
VIEW FROM THE TRENCHES is
the bi-monthly British ASL journal. It
costs 1.50 per issue (overseas 2.50),
with a year's subscription costing 7.50
(overseas 12.50). Payment should be in
pounds sterling, with cheques made out
to PETE PHILLIPPS. Readers are re-
minded to check their address label to
see when their subscription ends.
Issue 13 will be out early in May.
Copies of issues 7 onwards are
available for the same price as a regular
issue. VFTT '95 reprints issues 1-6 and
costs 3.00 (overseas 5.00).
All comments are welcome. Even
better, contribute. Write an article. De-
sign a scenario. Share your ASL experi-
ences with others. VFTT allows you to
communicate with other ASLers. Don't
be a silent voice.
VIEW FROM THE TRENCHES
49 Lombardy Rise
Leicester
LE5 OFQ
E-mail:
[email protected]
World Wide Web Home Page:
http://ourworld.compuserve.com/
homepages/Pete_Phillipps
EMOTICONS
With the growth of the InterNet, emoticons have originated to
allow people to show expressions in text. I find these very useful for
the printed word in general, so you'll see plenty of them in View From
the Trenches.
An emoticon is created with keyboard characters and read with
the head tilted to the left. Some typical emoticons are:
:-) humour or smiley
;-) winking
:-> devious smile
<g> grin
:-( sad
:-o shocked or surprised
#-( hung-over
IN THIS ISSUE
PREP FIRE 2
INCOMING 3
A GRUNTS GUIDE TO OBA USE 4
THE SECOND CARD DRAW 5
OBA PR%BABILITIES 6
A TALE OF TWO TARGET TYPES 6
HISTORICAL OBA CHARTS 7
CALL UP THE BIG GUNS! 11
OAF PACK 1 14
TRADEMARK NOTICE: Most products are trademarks of the companies publishing them. Use of the name of any product without mention of the trademark status should not be construed as a challenge
to such status. Advanced Squad Leader, Beyond Valour, Paratrooper, Yanks, Partisan, West of Alamein, The Last Hurrah, Hollow Legions, Code of Bushido, Gung Ho!, Croix de Guerre, Streets of Fire,
Hedgerow Hell, Red Barricades, Kampfgruppe Peiper I, Kampfgrupper Peiper II, Solitaire ASL, ASL Annual, and The General are registered trademarks of The Avalon Hill Game Company.
PREP FIRE
Hello and welcome to the latest issue of View From The
Trenches.
The focus this time around is almost exclusively on OBA -
how to get it, how to use it effectively, how it was used in reality.
There is also a set of excellent DYO variant charts for OBA.
Id like to remind everyone that I am always on the look out
for material for VFTT. Work is well under way on the next issue,
and I also have a couple of articles lined up for various issues be-
tween now and the end of the year. Nonetheless, Id still like to
build up a collection of material waiting to be printed. In particu-
lar, Id like to see more scenario discussions, CG analyses (anyone
want to offer an in-depth look at how to win as either side in KGP?),
tactical pieces; in short, more stuff on how to play ASL better. Ill
accept submissions in any form, even hand written, although MS
Word v6.0 PC files are preferred if you have a computer.
Due to his army commitments, Neil Stevens has been unable
to post a Crusader column this issue. He was able to call me last
week to tell me that stock on much of the third party stuff is quite
low at the moment, but he is expecting shipments from Kinetic
Energy (Time On Target 3), and Critical Hit (assorted goodies) any
time now, so check out the ad elsewhere for purchasing details. He
also apologises for listing the wrong phone number in his price list
last time! Also expected any time now are the new AREA ratings,
so youll be able to see if youve gone up or (more likely for some
of us!) gone down!
I have received a note from Nick Edelsten saying that he is
able to supply Raaco storage boxes (plastic boxes containing trays,
ideal for counter storage) at wholesale price. For more details visit
his Raaco page at http://homepages.nildram.co.uk/~edels/
raaco.htm, or contact him at 22 Wey Lane, Chesham, Bucks. HP5
1JH, or by e-mail at edelsildram.co.uk. Watch out for an item next
issue.
As I mentioned last issue, some years back, Jim Millard de-
veloped a 12 point CA system that saw print in the now-defunct
zine Fire For Effect. Jim has now updated the system and is look-
ing for playtesters, before submitting it to (probably) Time On Tar-
get. So if anyone would like to help a fellow ASLer, drop me a line
and Ill forward a copy of his article to you.
Well, until next time, roll low and prosper.
Pete Phillipps
THE TRENCHES 3
I NCOMI NG
0016 June 6, 1944: Three Brit-
ish gliders land within spitting dis-
tance of a critical bridge over the Caen
canal waterway in Normandy. They
seize the bridge in a brief firefight, set
up a perimeter, withstand a few at-
tacks, get reinforced by a battalion of
the 6th Airborne Division, and to-
gether they withstand counterattacks
all day long until relieved.
Yes, the new HASL module Pegasus
Bridge should be out any time now. The
battle is depicted by six scenarios (most
small to medium size) and two CG (the first
covering the entire action, starting with a
night glider landing, the second covering
just the daytime attacks) fought out over a
single 22x33 historical mapsheet. Air-
borne MMC, marked by a Pegasus symbol,
are included to distinguish the paras from
the Royal Marines. To reflect the problem
of isolated units unable to evacuate casual-
ties but forced to fight on, the rules allow
for a percentage of non-KIA eliminated units
to be retained as Walking Wounded MMC,
who are similar to wounded leaders. Also
included are a few new German AFVs (big
guns mounted on armoured French taxicabs)
with full Chapter H notes, and as a special
bonus, Chapter K Day Seven. The price
is $30, so expect to pay about 25 over here.
As well as an advert for Pegasus
Bridge, The General volume 31 number 2
contains a five page Mark Nixon article on
snipers, and scenarios G35 Going To
Church, a short infantry contest tweaked
slightly from the original version printed in
Back Blast, and G36 Hill of Death which
sees SS and Tigers storming Hill 112 (yes,
the same hill featured in the modules SS
Schwere 102 and King Of The Hill!).
The Tampa Bay ASLers are currently
playtesting their backlog of scenarios and
designing new scenarios for Schwerpunkt 2.
This will contain twelve new scenarios, in-
cluding several medium sized scenarios for
players who prefer company and battalion
actions. As before most theatres of opera-
tions will be covered, with one desert ac-
tion under consideration this time, and sev-
eral early war scenarios under development.
There will also be analyses and designers
notes for each, and possibly some short ar-
ticles. They are also kicking around a few
other ideas.
The March Madness 97 Scenario
Pack has been produced by Kinetic Energy
Productions (producers of Time On Target)
for everyone who attends the March Mad-
ness 97 convention in Kansas City later this
month. It contains 12 tournament-sized sce-
narios on cardstock covering actions rang-
ing from early war to PTO to desert to east-
ern front. Beyond the Pakfronts and
Sword Play are updated from the original
versions published in the now-defunct ASL
fanzine ASLUG. The pack will soon be
available for separate sale for those of us
who unable to attend.
Front Line Productions is currently
playtesting scenarios for its Guadalcanal
module, Edsons Ridge. They are aiming for
a fall 97 release, but wont promise any-
thing until the module is closer to comple-
tion. The format will be the same as
Baraque De Fraiture, although the accom-
panying booklet will be bigger than before.
Other components are being considered for
inclusion but these have yet to be finalised.
The dead and very amateur
newsletter Trail Break is being revived
for a one off reprise issue. It is guar-
anteed to be filled with tripe, silly, silly
tripe. It will be photocopied on the
flimsiest stock. It will be cheap in ev-
ery sense of the word. It will not be
PC.
We present total crap with a big
grin. Send in a SAE., but not one of
those tiny ones from your leftover
Christmas cards, a business sized 4
x 9.5 one. Well send it back with the
one-off enclosed, including the lowest
form of gossip picked up at all the
tournaments we attend, the scoop on
the personal habits of your fellow
ASLers, rebuttals to InterNet flamers,
and even a few stock tips.
Send your SAE to Trail Break, PO
Box 700, Goldens Bridge, NY 10526.
If you are too cheap to afford a SAE
photocopy a friends or pick it out of
his trash on garbage day.
Former TB editor Ray Tapio
On a more sombre note, Philippe
Leonard is still struggling to produce a new
issue of ASL News. It appears that the pub-
lisher (Miguel Ramis) has done nothing
with the money and material (for ASL News
31) Philippe has sent him. Philippe is try-
ing to get everything back so he can publish
the magazine himself and honour the sub-
scriptions as much as he can, but none of
his phone calls are being answered. Sad.
sums up his unhappiness with the situation.
Im sure you all join with me in hoping he
can get ASL News back in circulation again
as soon as possible.
To end on a happy note, Big Time
Software, the creators of the computer
games Over the Reich and the upcoming
Achtung, Spitfire!, have begun working on
a computer conversion of ASL. The game
has just entered development and will not
been seen in stores for at least two years,
but Big Time Software are known for pro-
ducing quality games. Designer Charles
Moylan commented that the computer ver-
sion will be True to the spirit of the game.

THE CRUSADERS
PRODUCT PRICES
The following price list is effective
from 1st March 1997.
For the latest on stock availability
telephone The Crusaders on (01258)
459851.
Time On Target #1 8.00
Time On Target #2 14.00
Time On Target #3 17.60
WCW Colour Scenario Pack 8.00
Critical Hit #1 6.80
Critical Hit #2 8.00
Critical Hit #3 8.00
Critical Hit #4 8.00
Critical Hit #3-1 11.00
Critical Hit Xmas Special 13.60
SS Schwere 102 5.60
Jatkosota 10.20
Platoon Leader 8.00
Cemetary Hill 7.25
Aussie 96 Scenario Pack 8.00
Rout Pack I 6.80
Rout Pack II 8.00
OAF Pack I 8.00
Leathernecks 8.00
Schwerpunkt 8.00
Baraque de Fraiture 12.75
God Save The King 16.00
King Of The Hill 16.00
ASL News #28 8.00
ASL News #29 8.00
All orders should have 10% added for
postage and packing [EXC: Crusaders are
exempt P&P charges] and be sent to me
at 4 Monkton Down Road, Blandford
Camp, Blandford Forum, Dorset, DT11
8AE.
4 VIEW FROM
) /476\5 /71,-
6 *) 75-
Many people have had difficulty with
OBA, hence the recent release of the OBA
flowchart in Action Pack 1. While the flow-
chart covers the whole range of OBA op-
tions, the basic OBA procedure is relatively
simple, so I present this summary.
Before we start though, note that due
to an omission that was only realised when
Yanks came out, the ammunition types
available to the German, Finnish, and Rus-
sian OBA modules were not listed. For the
time being (until an errata page can be re-
leased) all such batteries have HE and
smoke. For other nationalities, smoke/WP/
IR/HE is given in the chapter H OBA tables.
GETTING OBA
An OBA module is represented by a
Radio in your OB. Radios can only be used
by a Good Order Leader (the Observer).
In your PFPh/DFPh, make a DR to
establish Radio Contact. If successful, draw
a chit from the Draw Pile (C1.211) - a Black
chit grants Battery Access, which allows you
to place an AR in a hex in the Observers
LOS. You then make an Accuracy dr (ei-
ther 1 or 2 required, depending on national-
ity); if this was not gained make a Random
Direction DR (B.8) to determine where the
AR is placed. At this point, if you still have
a LOS to the AR it is swapped for a Red
SR, which ends the OBA action for that
phase.
Radio Contact is lost immediately if
the Observer loses his Good Order status.
An Observer in an AFV must be CE or in
an OP AFV to have a LOS to spot.
ACTIONS
At the start of your next PFPh/DFPh,
roll to maintain Radio Contact (with a -1
DRM; -2 DRM for battalion OBA). If you
succeed, you must perform one of the fol-
lowing actions:
Cancel the SR and attempt to place a
new AR as before;
Cancel a FFE, losing Battery Access
in the process;
If you have no LOS to the SR/FFE,
you must Correct it (to a maximum of 18
hexes for a SR, 3 hexes for a FFE) or Can-
cel as above;
If you have a LOS to a SR and a
Known enemy is in/adjacent to it, you may
convert it to a FFE:1;
If you have a LOS to a SR you may
Correct it up to 18 hexes and Convert it to a
FFE (if there is no enemy in/adjacent after
Correcting, it remains a SR);
If you have a LOS to a FFE you may
Correct it up to 3 hexes or leave it, and con-
tinue the FFE;
If you have a FFE:C, you must first
retain Battery Access by drawing another
Black chit from the Draw Pile. You may then
either replace it with a SR (can leave or
Correct up to 18 hexes), convert it to a FFE:1
if an enemy unit is in/adjacent, or remove it
and attempt to place a new AR.
For LOS purposes a SR/FFE has a
Height equal to the Base Level plus 2 (EX:
level 3 on a level 1 hill).
Failure to maintain Radio Contact
means that a SR/FFE cannot be Corrected,
Converted or voluntarily Cancelled. A FFE
continues to be resolved as normal, with a
FFE:C being automatically Cancelled after
resolution.
FIRE FOR EFFECT
FFE does not affect Aerial units, those
in sewers/tunnels, non-Vulnerable PRC, and
certain Climbing units (B11.42).
FFE FP is not halved vs. concealed
units.
To resolve a FFE, make a separate DR
(adding TEM and other DRM, but not LOS
Hindrances/SMOKE) for the FFE hex and
each adjacent hex (the Blast Area). FFE also
attack any unit which enters the Blast Area
during the MPh, RtPh, APh, or CCPh. An
Original DR of 2 results in a CH, in which
case the FP is doubled and a positive TEM
THE TRENCHES 5
is reversed (EX: +1 becomes -1).
HD, HA, and AF do not apply vs.
AFVs, but TEM does. There is also a -1 for
an OT AFV, a -1 if all AF are 4 or less, and
a +1 if all AF are 8 or more. A Final DR
less than or equal to half the Final DR that
corresponds to a K/# results in a Burning
Wreck; any other KIA result destroys the
vehicle (the highest KIA# on that FP col-
umn is the maximum number of vehicles
that can be affected). A Final DR that is a
K/# or is one greater is an automatic Shock
(if a turret hit) or immobilisation (if a hull
hit). A MC or PTC has no effect other than
on Vulnerable PRC Collaterally.
Units have their Morale lowered by
one while within a friendly Blast Area.
After resolution a FFE:1 is replaced
with a FFE:2, and a FFE:2 is replaced with
a FFE:C.
A HE FFE is a two level LOS Hin-
drance but with a maximum +1 DRM re-
gardless of the number of Blast Area hexes
traced through.
TACTICAL
CONSIDERATIONS
When OBA is central to your attack/
defence, protect the Observer well. If the
enemy SAN is high, give him an escort, such
as a HS (this is actually a good practice even
if he is in the rear rallying broken troops;
until he is actually stacked with the troops,
he is vulnerable). Although you may not feel
you can spare a HS to act as Sniper bait,
consider how important the OBA is - a
SMOKE or a 100mm HE concentration is
likely to be more effective than a 2-3 FP
MMC attack almost any day.
If enemy fire is a bigger threat, con-
sider using a higher quality leader. Admit-
tedly, a 9-1 is very useful up front, but even
with a lowly 7-0 troops move faster and rally
almost as quickly; they also suffer less when
he breaks or is KIAed!
Position is another thing. Rather than
set up in a position to see (and be seen from)
all the board, pick an area that lets you con-
centrate on your objective, or, if defending,
your opponents likely route of advance.
Why allow your opponent the chance to con-
centrate his fire on your observer, especially
if thats the only target hell have while your
units move up. Also remember to get your
Observer in position before attempting Ra-
dio Contact, as the Observer cannot move
while using a radio, only advance.
Always consider using Harassing
Fire. Although the FP is halved, the dou-
bling of the Blast Area usually makes it well
worth it. Harassing Fire is ideal to deny an
area to enemy movement, and can be par-
ticularly deadly if the enemy must move
through the area.
Be wary of woods when OBA is
present, as you are subject to a -1 airburst
DRM instead of the +1 TEM. Even worse,
a CH reverses the TEM and also adds the
airburst, giving a net -2 DRM!
FFE TIMING
For maximum effect, you need to
think about the timing of the FFE:1.
When you are attacking, it is prob-
ably best to try and fire the FFE:1 in your
PFPh, even if solely to avoid walking into
your own artillery! By working back through
the procedure, and assuming everything
works out as planned (and we all know how
often that actually happens in ASL!), you
ideally want to establish Radio Contact in
the DFPh prior to your PFPh in which you
want to see the FFE:1 land.
When defending though, you ideally
want the FFE:1 to actually be landing in your
DFPh, so try to establish Radio Contact in
your previous PFPh. By having the FFE land
in your DFPh, you also hinder the attackers
advances, although admittedly he can also
use his advances to evade the FFE before
your PFPh. In the next turn, the FFE:C in-
terdicts his movement right through to the
subsequent DFPh, particularly as you can
correct the FFE:C for maximum effect.

THE SECOND CARD DRAW

In some cases, a player must make
an extra card draw for his OBA. These
extra draws are intended to counter the
Omniscient Player syndrome, whereby
the player is firing OBA against enemy
units he knows about, but that the Ob-
server would not in reality. Defining this
intention in a clear rule is not easy, and
the way the ASLRB does so seems to con-
fuse some players.
To see if an extra draw is necessary,
look at the board from the Observers per-
spective. If there is an enemy unit Known
to the Observer in the target hex or the
adjacent six hexes, then no extra draw is
necessary. In this case, the game design-
ers gave the player the benefit of the doubt
and assume that this unit was the one the
player was shooting at, even if it is only a
broken HS and the real target is a con-
cealed stack of three HMG-armed squads
with a 10-3 leader in an adjacent hex.
On the other hand, if the player can
see any on-board ground units (concealed
or not, but not HIP) in the target hex or in
the adjacent six hexes but they are not
Known to the Observer then an extra draw
is necessary. In this case, the game design-
ers assume that the player is abusing his
ability to see things that the Observer on
the battlefield cannot. Thus even though
the unknown unit might be a wounded,
disrupted, DM 6+1 leader and the real
reason the player wants to put down artil-
lery is to block an important piece of ter-
rain, if the enemy unit is in the target hex
or the adjacent six hexes, it forces the ex-
tra card draw.
Note that the extra card draw applies
even when you use ammunition that is not
harmful like Smoke, and even when you
use Harassing Fire, you only consider the
target hex and the adjacent six hexes.
So, each time you place an AR or are
about to convert a SR or FFE:C to FFE:1,
look at the board as both the Observer, and
a player. Then youll be able to see if have
to draw an extra card or not.

6 VIEW FROM
) 6)-
. 69
6)4/-6
6 ; 2 - 5
Everyone knows that they must use
the Area Target Type whenever they fire a
mortar or attempt to fire SMOKE, but there
are plenty of other times when it can be use-
ful to use it with non-mortar weapons to fire
HE.
First though, lets clear up the confu-
sion that some people have over the Area
Target Type and Area Fire. Area Fire has
nothing to do with the Area Target Type,
despite the word connection. The Area Tar-
get Type is just that, a target type, whereas
Area Fire (TH DRM Case K) is a DRM
(typically for concealment) that can apply
to any attack, whether on the Infantry, Ve-
hicle, or Area Target Type (an attack may
even be subject to multiple applications of
Case K, in which case the DRM is applied
for each occurrence). Even though an attack
may be subject to Case K DRM, a hit is
still resolved as normal (I.E. at full FP for
an Infantry Target Type shot, at half FP for
an Area Target Type attack).
One other thing to remember that the
Area Target Type can only be selected when
firing HE, as per the second half of the first
sentence of C3.33 - it may be selected when
firing HE (but not AP/HEAT/HE Equiva-
lency; 8.31)..
THE BASIC DILEMMA
Several TH DRM do not apply to an
Area Target Type attack, but a hit is resolved
at half FP on the IFT. The result is that a hit
is more likely, but is likely to be less effec-
tive. So do the benefits (a greater chance of
hitting) outweigh the risks (the lesser chance
of a result on the IFT)?
To answer this question, take a look
at table 1, which shows the chance some
common Gun calibres at ranges of 3-6 hexes
have of getting at least a NMC from an at-
tack. The chance of this is determined by
multiplying the chance of getting a hit by
the chance of getting a NMC result or bet-
N FIRE MISSIONS
B R Av. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
11 3 5.50 3% 6% 8%10%11%12%12%11%10% 8% 6% 3%
10 2 6.67 2% 3% 5% 6% 8% 9%11%12%14%15%17%
10 3 5.00 4% 7% 9%11%12%13%12%11% 9% 7% 4%
9 2 6.00 2% 4% 5% 7% 9%11%13%15%16%18%
9 3 4.50 5% 8%11%13%14%14%13%11% 8% 5%
9 4 3.60 8% 13%15%16%15%13%10% 7% 4% 1%
8 2 5.33 2% 4% 7% 9%11%13%16%18%20%
8 3 4.00 5% 10%13%15%15%15%13%10% 5%
8 4 3.20 9% 15%17%17%15%12% 8% 5% 2%
7 2 4.67 3% 6% 8%11%14%17%19%22%
7 3 3.50 7% 12%15%17%17%15%12% 7%
7 4 2.80 11%17%19%18%15%11% 6% 2%
6 2 4.00 4% 7%11%14%18%21%25%
6 3 3.00 8% 14%18%19%18%14% 8%
6 4 2.40 13%20%21%19%14% 9% 3%
5 2 3.33 5% 10%14%19%24%29%
5 3 2.50 11%18%21%21%18%11%
5 4 2.00 17%24%24%19%12% 5%
TABLE 1: The probability of getting X Fire Missions.
N FIRE MISSIONS UNTIL A RED CHIT
B R Av. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
11 3 2.75 21% 18% 15% 12%10% 8% 6% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0%
11 2 3.67 15% 14% 13% 12%10% 9% 8% 6% 5% 4% 3% 1%
10 3 2.50 23% 19% 16% 13%10% 7% 5% 3% 2% 1% 0%
10 2 3.33 17% 15% 14% 12%11% 9% 8% 6% 5% 3% 2%
10 1 5.00 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9%
9 4 1.80 31% 23% 17% 12% 8% 5% 3% 1% 1% 0%
9 3 2.25 25% 20% 16% 13%10% 7% 5% 3% 1% 0%
9 2 3.00 18% 16% 15% 13%11% 9% 7% 5% 4% 2%
9 1 4.50 10% 10% 10% 10%10% 10% 10%10% 10% 10%
8 4 1.60 33% 24% 17% 11% 7% 4% 2% 1% 0%
8 3 2.00 27% 22% 17% 13% 9% 6% 4% 2% 1%
8 2 2.67 20% 18% 16% 13%11% 9% 7% 4% 2%
8 1 4.00 11% 11% 11% 11%11% 11% 11%11% 11%
7 4 1.40 36% 25% 17% 11% 6% 3% 1% 0%
7 3 1.75 30% 23% 18% 13% 8% 5% 3% 1%
7 2 2.33 22% 19% 17% 14%11% 8% 6% 3%
7 1 3.50 13% 13% 13% 13%13% 13% 13%13%
6 4 1.20 40% 27% 17% 10% 5% 2% 0%
6 3 1.50 33% 25% 18% 12% 7% 4% 1%
6 2 2.00 25% 21% 18% 14%11% 7% 4%
6 1 3.00 14% 14% 14% 14%14% 14% 14%
5 4 1.00 44% 28% 16% 8% 3% 1%
5 3 1.25 38% 27% 18% 11% 5% 2%
5 2 1.67 29% 24% 19% 14%10% 5%
5 1 2.50 17% 17% 17% 17%17% 17%
4 3 1.00 43% 29% 17% 9% 3%
4 2 1.33 33% 27% 20% 13% 7%
4 1 2.00 20% 20% 20% 20%20%
3 3 0.75 50% 30% 15% 5%
3 2 1.00 40% 30% 20% 10%
3 1 1.50 25% 25% 25% 25%
2 3 0.50 60% 30% 10%
2 2 0.67 50% 33% 17%
2 1 1.00 33% 33% 33%
1 3 0.25 75% 25%
1 2 0.33 67% 33%
1 1 0.50 50% 50%
TABLE 2: The chance of getting X Fire Missions before a Red
chit is drawn.
OBA PR%BABILITIES
Tom Sand Flea Mueller
I dont know if anyone has done this
in the past, but just what are the probabili-
ties for Battery Access? Well, the math is
actually very simple. If you have B black
chits, and R red chits, you can arrange them
in (B+R)! / (B! R!) different sequences. In
order to get N fire missions out of the chits,
you need a sequence of N black chits and
one red chit, then the remaining chits in any
order. There are (N+1) (B+R-N-2)! / ( (B-
N)! (R-2)! ) different ways to do this. So the
chance of getting exactly N fire missions is
(N+1) (B+R-N-2)! B! R! / ( (B+R)! (B-N)!
(R-2)!). The results are shown in table 1.
IS THAT ALL?!?
From table 1 it is easy to see how
many fire missions each of the different
nationalities will average:
Allied Minor - 3 French - 4
American - 5 German - 4
Axis Minor - 3 Italian - 3.5
British - 5.33 Japanese - 3.33
Finnish - 3 Russian - 3.33
Chinese - 3.33 or 4 or 2.5
The best you can get is British OBA
with plentiful ammo and pre-registered
hex(es), which will average 6.67 fire mis-
sions. On the other hand, Chinese 3-3-7s
with scarce ammo will only average 2.00.
PLEASE SIR, CAN I HAVE
SOME MORE!
Once you draw the first red chit, you
Continued on page 15
may want to know how many more fire mis-
sions you can expect. Or, you may want to
know how many fire missions to expect be-
fore they get interrupted by the first red chit.
Again, you have B black chits and R red
chits. To get N fire missions, you need a
sequence of N black chits, a red chit, then
the remaining chits. There are (B+R-N-1)!
/ ( (B-N)! (R-1)! ) ways to do this, and these
are shown in table 2 (the 0% entries in
this table are really probabilities < 0.5%).
Of course, now that you know the for-
mulas, you can keep track, chit by chit, of
your odds. And garner some very strange
looks from your opponent. And never for-
get the intimidation/whining potentials from
such a table :)

THE TRENCHES 7
HISTORICAL OBA CHARTS
Charles Harris
BRITISH PTO OBA AVAILABILITY CHART
YEAR 1941-10/42 11/42-11/43 12/43-9/44 10/44-1945
DR: 2
BPV:
76M{1}
92S*
88
108s
152{2}
202
152{2}
202
3 84
114S
88
106s
88
106s
107{2}
140S
4 84
114S
76M
92S*
88
106s
88
106s
5 84
114S
88
108s
76M
92S*
76M
92S*
6 84
114S
88
109s*
76M
92S*
76M
92S*
7 114
141S
88
108s
88
106s
88
106s
8 88
108s
76M
92S*
88
106s
88
106s
9 88
108s
76M
92S*
88
106s
107{2}
140S
10 88
108s
76M
92S
76M
92S*
76M
92S*
11 88
108s
76M
92S*
76M
92S*
107{2}
140S
12 76M{1}
92S*
76M
92S*
140{2}
162
140{2}
162
MAX. BPV: 141 114 202 202
M: Battalion Mortar OBA (C1.22)
*: Can fire IR (E1.93)
s: Can fire Smoke (but not WP)
S: Can fire SMOKE
{1} Can fire IR after 1/42
{2} "94" (BPV: 141S) outside of India-Burma
BRITISH NON-PTO OBA AVAILABILITY CHART
YEAR 1939-4/41 5/41-10/4 11/41-42 1943 1944 1945
DR: 2
BPV:
152{1}
202
152{4}
202
140{5}
162
107
140S
183
^223
183
^223
3 114{2}
133S
114
133S
114{6}
135
140
162
107
^140S
183
^243
4 84{3}
114S*
84
114S*
114{6}
135
140
162
107
140S
107
140S
5 114{2}
133S
88
108s
152{7}
202
183
^242
183
^242
183
^242
6 152{1}
202
152{4}
202
88
108s
107
140S
140
^162
140
^162
7 114{2}
133S
114
133S
88
108s
88
108s
88
^106s
88
^106s
8 84{3}
114S*
84
114S
88
108s
76M
92S*
76M
92S*
76M
92S*
9 88{3}
108s
88
108s
76M
92S*
88
108s
76M
92S*
76M
92S*
10 88{3}
108s
76M
92S*
76M{8}
92S*
76M
92S*
88
^106s
88
^106s
11 88{3}
108s
88
108s
140{5}
162
76M
92S*
107
^140S
107
^140S
12 84{3}
114S*
84
114S
84
114S
88
106s
88
106s
88
106s
MAX. BPV: 202 202 202 242 243 243
M: Battalion Mortar OBA (C1.22)
*: Can fire IR (E1.93)
^: OP tank possibly available (H1.46)
s: Can fire Smoke (but not WP)
S: Can fire SMOKE
{1} "94" (BPV: 141S) prior to 5/40 and in Norway
{2} "94" (BPV: 141S) prior to 5/40
{3} "76M" (BPV: 92W) prior to 5/40
{4} "114" (BPV: 163S) in 5/41 Crete
{5} "114" (BPV: 133) prior to 5/42 (S available 11/41-3/42)
{6} Can fire SMOKE prior to 4/42
{7} "140" (BPV: 162) after 9/42
{8} Can fire IR after 1/42
These charts are based on the vari-
ous Ordnance listings for each nationality
& time/theatre period and replace the origi-
nal DYO charts with historical calibres.
Whenever an entry has capabilities changed
from the original the BPV value for that
entry has been changed (sometimes only
slightly) to reflect the increased/decreased
capabilities of the new entry from the origi-
nal entry. All of the entries refer to a spe-
cific weapon as listed in that nationalitys
Ordnance listings; however, I have not both-
ered to note which particular weapon each
entry represents (except on my copies).
In compiling these charts several dis-
crepancies were noted between the DYO
OBA charts and the Ordnance listings for
several nationalities. Whenever such a dis-
crepancy occurred I considered the Ord-
nance listings to be correct and the OBA
charts to be in error [EXC: the German DYO
OBA chart lists an entry for 120+mm OBA
in 1942 when none of that size were avail-
able until 1943; I assumed that this entry
was for the 12cm GrW 42 and represents
use of captured weapons prior to 1943. I
assumed the same for the listing of 120+mm
OBA on the Finnish OBA chart]. Also, it
should be noted that according to the US
Ordnance listings NONE of the US Ord-
nance can fire IR except for the 60mm mor-
tars, I am not sure if this is an error or if it
reflects an actual lack of this ability for US
Ordnance.
As much as possible, I tried to have
at least one entry of each calibre size weapon
available to that nationality as OBA (or at
least whenever it would make a difference
in that particular OBA modules abilities).
This is the reason why some nationalities
have entries that greatly differ from the origi-
nal (like the German 170mm and the Brit-
ish 84 and 88mm).
Whenever new nationalities (Allied/
Axis Minors, etc.) are introduced into the
system I intend to add updated OBA charts
for them as well.
Since they are not listed in Chapter
H, I have left all Rocket OBA entries un-
changed from the originals.
With exact calibres listed, these
charts are also ideal for users of the IIFT.
These charts are laid out in the same
format as those found in the ASLRB, so you
can simply copy them and paste them into
your ASLRB.
Enjoy!

8 VIEW FROM
US ARMY ETO OBA AVAILABILITY CHART **
YEAR 11/42-5/43 6/43-5/44 6/44-12/44 1945
DR: 2
BPV:
81M
131W
203{2}
284
114{8}
200
105
^158S
3 155
236W
155
^236W
203{5}
284
100R
53
4 155{1}
236S
155
^236W
81M
131W
203{6}
284
5 105
158S
105{7}
^158S
81M
131W
107
142W
6 105
158S
105
^158S
81M
131W
81M
131W
7 81M
131W
81M
131W
105
^158S
155
^236S
8 81M
131W
81M
131W
155
^236S
105
^158S
9 81M
131W
107{3}
142W
107
142W
81M
131W
10 105
158S
81M
131W
75
95W
75
95W
11 105
158S
75{4}
95W
100R
53
81M
131W
12 105
158S
75{4}
95W
150R
79
150R
79
MAX. BPV: 236 284 284 284
M: Battalion Mortar OBA (C1.22)
R: Rocket OBA (C1.9)
S: Can fire SMOKE
W: Can fire WP (but not Smoke)
^: OP tank possibly available (H1.46)
{1} Can fireWP prior to 1/43 and SMOKE thereafter
{2} "155" (BPV: ^236S) prior to 11/43
{3} "105" (BPV: ^158W) prior to 7/43
{4} M2 60mm MTR prior to 7/43 (see US Ordnance Note 1)
{5} "155" (BPV: ^236S) in Italy after 10/44
{6} "155" (BPV: ^236S) in Italy prior to 3/45
{7} "114" (BPV: ^200) in Italy after 9/43
{8} "155" (BPV: ^236W) in Italy after 9/44
** All BPV are for Plentiful ammunition. Decrease BPV by 10% (FRD) for Normal ammunition, or by
25% (FRD) for Scarce ammunition.
US ARMY PTO OBA AVAILABILITY CHART **
YEAR 1941-10/42 11/42-5/43 6/43-5/44 6/44-12/44 1945
DR: 2
BPV:
155
236W
81M
131W
155
^236W
155
^236W
105
^158S
3 155
236W
155
236W
155
^236S
203{3}
284
100R
53
4 75
95W
155{1}
236S
155
^236S
81M
131W
203
284
5 81M
131W
105
158S
105
^158S
81M
131W
107
142W
6 81M
131W
105
158S
105
^158S
81M
131W
81M
131W
7 81M
131W
81M
131W
81M
131W
105
^158S
155
^236S
8 81M
131W
81M
131W
81M
131W
155
^236S
105
^158S
9 75
95W
81M
131W
107{2}
142W
107
142W
81M
131W
10 75
95W
105
158S
81M
131W
75
95W
75
95W
11 75
95W
75
95W
75
95W
100R
53
81M
131W
12 75
95W
75
95W
75
95W
150R
79
150R
79
MAX. BPV: 236 236 284 284 284
M: Battalion Mortar OBA (C1.22)
R: Rocket OBA (C1.9)
S: Can fire SMOKE
W: Can fire WP (but not Smoke)
^: OP tank possibly available (H1.46)
{1} Can fireWP prior to 1/43 and SMOKE thereafter
{2} "105" (BPV: ^158W) prior to 8/43
{3} "155" (BPV: ^236S) in prior to 9/44
** All BPV are for Plentiful ammunition. Decrease BPV by 10% (FRD) for Normal ammunition, or by
25% (FRD) for Scarce ammunition.
US MARINE COPRS OBA AVAILABILITY CHART **
YEAR 8/42-10/42 11/42-10/43 11/43-6/44 7/44-12/44 1945
DR: 2
BPV:
105
158S
155
236W
155
236W
155
236W
100R
53
3 105
158S
105
158S
105
158S
155
236W
155
236S
4 75
95W
105
158S
105
158S
105
158S
155
236S
5 75
95W
75
95W
105
158S
105
158S
105
158S
6 81M
131W
81M
131W
81M
131W
81M
131W
81M
131W
7 81M
131W
81M
131W
81M
131W
81M
131W
81M
131W
8 81M
131W
81M
131W
81M
131W
81M
131W
81M
131W
9 75
95W
75
95W
75
95W
105
158S
105
158S
10 75
95W
75
95W
75
95W
75
95W
105
158S
11 75
95W
75
95W
75
95W
75
95W
105
158S
12 75
95W
75
95W
75
95W
75
95W
75
95W
MAX. BPV: 158 236 236 236 236
M: Battalion Mortar OBA (C1.22)
R: Rocket OBA (C1.9)
S: Can fire SMOKE
W: Can fire WP (but not Smoke)
** All BPV are for Plentiful ammunition. Decrease BPV by 10% (FRD) for Normal ammunition, or by
25% (FRD) for Scarce ammunition.
THE TRENCHES 9
GERMAN OBA AVAILABILITY CHART
YEAR 1939-40 1941 1942 1943 1944-45
DR: 2
BPV:
81M
92s*
81M
92s*
170
165
200R
95
170
165
3 81M
92s*
81M
92s*
81M
92s*
120
126s
81M
92s*
4 150
158
150
158
120
126s
170
165
200R
^95*
5 150
158s
150
158s
150
158s
150
^158s
120
126s
6 105
106s
105
106s
105
106s
105
^106s
150
^158s
7 81M
92s*
81M
92s*
81M
92s*
81M
92s*
105
^106s
8 81M
92s*
81M
92s*
81M
92s*
81M
92s*
81M
92s*
9 105
106s
105
106s
105
106s
105
^106s
150R
79
10 75
63s
75
63s
75
63s
150R
79
75
63s
11 75
63s
75
63s
150R
79
75
63s
81M
92s*
12 75
63s
150R
79
75
63s
75
63s
75
63s
MAX. BPV: 158 158 165 165 165
M: Battalion Mortar OBA (C1.22)
*: Can fire IR (E1.93)
^: OP tank possibly available (H1.46)
s: Can fire Smoke (but not WP)
R: Rocket OBA (C1.9)
FINNISH OBA AVAILABILITY CHART
YEAR 1939 1940-1941 1942-1944
DR: 2
BPV:
150
106s
150
106s
150
106s
3 150
106s
150
106s
150
106s
4 105
71s
120
85s
120
85s
5 81M
63s*
105
71s
105
71s
6 81M
63s*
81M
63s*
81M
63s*
7 81M
63s*
81M
63s*
81M
63s*
8 81M
63s*
81M
63s*
75
43s
9 75
43s
75
43s
75
43s
10 75
43s
75
43s
81M
63s*
11 75
43s
75
43s
120
85s
12 75
43s
150
106s
150
106s
MAX. BPV: 105 105 105
M: Battalion Mortar OBA (C1.22)
*: Can fire IR (E1.93)
s: Can fire Smoke
ITALIAN OBA AVAILABILITY CHART
YEAR 1935-7/41 8/41-4/42 5/42-11/43 12/43-1945
DR: 2
BPV:
150{3}
124s
150{3}
124s
150{3}
124s
150{1;2}
100
3 150
122
150
122
75
49
105{2}
83s
4 81M
73s*
75
49
150
122
75{2}
49
5 75
49
100
81
81M
73s*
81M{2}
73s*
6 81M
73s*
81M
73s*
75
51s
75{2}
51s
7 75
49
75
49
81M
73s*
81M{2}
73s*
8 75
49
81M
73s*
75
49
75{2}
51s
9 100
81
75
49
105
83s
105{2}
83s
10 65
33
105
83s
100
81
100{2}
81
11 105
83s
75
49
81M
73s*
81M{2}
73s*
12 75
49
75
49
75
49
75{2}
51s
MAX. BPV: 124 124 124 122
M: Battalion Mortar OBA (C1.22)
*: Can fire IR (E1.93)
s: Can fire Smoke (but not WP)
{1} Availability for 12/43-44 applies ONLY to Fascist Italians. Allied Italians in that period must roll
again.
{2} Availability in 1945 applies ONLY to Fascist Italians. Allied Italians in 1945 use the "1945"
column of the British Non-PTO OBA Availability Chart, as well as British radios/field phones (treating
them as non-Captured) and OB card/chit allocations.
{3} Treat as "150" (BPV: 122) vs. Russians.
JAPANESE OBA AVAILABILITY CHART
YEAR 1937-1938 1939-1940 1941-1943 1944 1945
DR: 2
BPV:
150
109W*
150
109W*
120
84
120
84
150
105
3 150
105
120
84
150
109W*
150
109W*
150r
109W*
4 120
84
150
105
150
105
150
105
150r
105
5 105
73W
105
73W
105
73W
105
70
105
70
6 105
70
105
70
105
70
105
73W
105r
73W
7 75
46W*
81
56
81
56
81M
61
81M
61
8 75
46W*
75
46W*
75
46W*
75
46W*
75
46W*
9 75
46W*
75
46W*
75
46W*
105
70
105r
70
10 75
45W
75
45W
105
70
75
46W*
90
64W
11 75
45W
75
45W
75
45W
90
64W
75
45W
12 75
45W
90
59W
90
59W
75
45W
120r
84
MAX. BPV: 109 109 109 109 109
M: Battalion Mortar OBA (C1.22)
*: Can fire IR (E1.93)
W: Can fire WP (but not Smoke)
r: Treat as "75" (BPV: 122) vs. Russians.
10 VIEW FROM
RUSSIAN OBA AVAILABILITY CHART
YEAR 1939-1940 1941 1942 1943 1944-1945
DR: 2
BPV:
122
60s
107
50s
152
82
122
85s
160
113
3 107
50s
152
74
82M
49s*
152
98
152
105
4 152
74
76
30s
200R
74
200R
88
200R
95
5 76
30s
76
30s
82M
46s*
82M
58s*
82M
63s*
6 122
60s
122
60s
122
67s
122
79s
122
85s
7 82M
44s*
82M
44s*
82M
49s*
82M
58s*
82M
63s*
8 82M
44s*
82M
44s*
76
34s
76
40s
76
43s
9 82M
44s*
82M
44s*
120R
49
120R
59
120R
63
10 76
30s
80R
29
80R
33
80R
39
80R
42
11 76
30s
120R
44
76
34s
82M
58s*
85
63s
12 107
50s
76
30s
107
56s
76
40s
76
43s
MAX. BPV: 74 74 82 98 105
M: Battalion Mortar OBA (C1.22)
*: Can fire IR (E1.93)
s: Can fire Smoke (but not WP)
R: Rocket OBA (C1.9)
G.M.D. OBA AVAILABILITY CHART
YEAR 1937 1938 1939-41 1942-10/ 11/43-45
China{2}
11/43-45
Burma{2}
DR: 2
BPV:
105
67s
150
100s
150
100s
150{3}
100s
150
100s
150
100s
3 105
65
150
98
150
98
150{3}
98
150
98
150
98
4 81
55s*
105
67s
105
67s
105
67s
105
67s
105
65
5 84
52
84
52
84
52
84
52
84
52
84
52
6 84
52
84
52
84
52
84
52
84
52
81
55W
7 81
55s*
81
55s*
81
55s*
81
55s*
81
55s*
81
55W
8 75
41s
75
41s
75
41s
75
41s
75
41s
75
42W
9 76
39
76
39
76
39
76
39
76
39
76
39
10 76
39
76
39
76
39
76
39
76
39
105
70S
11 76
39
76
39
122
80s
76
39
76
39
75
42W
12 76
39
76
39
76
39
122{3}
80s
122
80s
150
103S
MAX. BPV {4}: 89 133 133 133 133 137
*: Can fire IR (E1.93)
s: Can fire Smoke (but not WP)
S: Can fire SMOKE
W: Can fire WP (but not Smoke)
{1} All BPV listed are for Normal ammunition. As per G18.42 & G18.82, if current G.M.D. Majority
Squad Type is 3-3-7 or 3-3-6, decrease BPV by 1/3rd (FRD); if current G.M.D. Majority Squad Type
is 5-3-7, increase BPV by 1/3rd (FRD).
{2} Use the appropriate column as determined by the G18.82 dr.
{3} China only. Treat as "75" (BPV: 41s) for scenario set in Burma.
{4} The #'s in this line are the maximum BPV for a 5-3-7 Majority Squad Type (see {1} above).
FREE FRENCH OBA AVAILABILITY CHART
YEAR 9/40-5/41 6/41-7/41 8/41-6/42 7/42-4/42 5/43-11/4 12/43-45
DR: 2
BPV:
152
202
81
108s
114
135
140
162
140
162
203
243
3 152
202
81
108s
81
108s
114
135
114
135
105
135
4 114
141S*
81
108s
76
84s*
81
108s
81
108s
105
^140S
5 114
141S*
81
108s
81M
115s
81M
115s
81
108s
105
^138W
6 81
114S*
81
108s
81M
115s
81M
115s
81
108s
81M
116W
7 81
108s
76
84s*
76
84s*
81
108s
81
108s
155
^207S
8 81
108s
76
84s*
76
84s*
81
108s
76M
92S*
105
^140S
9 81
114S*
76
84s*
76
84s*
81
108s
81
108s
81M
116W
10 81
114S*
76M
91S
76
84s*
81
108s
76M
92S*
75
84W
11 81
108s
76
84s*
76
84s*
81
108s
76M
92S*
81M
116W
12 81
114S*
76
84s*
76
84s*
81
114S*
81
114S*
105
^140S
MAX. BPV: 202 108 135 162 162 243
M: Battalion Mortar OBA (C1.22)
*: Can fire IR (E1.93)
^: OP tank possibly available (H1.46 & H1.463)
s: Can fire Smoke (but not WP)
S: Can fire SMOKE
W: Can fire WP (but not Smoke)
(VICHY) FRENCH OBA AVAILABILITY CHART
YEAR 1939-6/40 7/40-7/41 8/41-10/42 11/42-3/45
DR: 2
BPV:
81
67s
81
67s
81
67s
155
122
3 155
122
155
122
81
67s
105
81
4 155
124s
155
124s
75
52s*
155
124s
5 155
124s
65
33
65
33
65
33
6 105
81
105
81
75
50*
75
50*
7 75
52s*
75
52s*
75
52s*
75
52s*
8 75
52s*
75
52s*
75
52s*
75
52s*
9 75
52s*
75
52s*
75
52s*
75
52s*
10 81
67s
81
67s
81
67s
81
67s
11 75
52s*
75
52s*
75
52s*
75
50*
12 75
50*
75
50*
75
50*
75
50*
MAX. BPV: 124 124 67 124
*: Can fire IR (E1.93)
s: Can fire Smoke
THE TRENCHES 11
"|4|| 0l
l0l 8|9
9005/"
This article was originally posted to the
InterNet ASL Mailing List. Unfortunately I
forgot to note the author, and have been
unable to trace him since. If you wrote this, or
know the author, please contact me so that I
can remedy things - Pete.
In the European theatre, artillery prac-
tice is one of the most fundamental doctri-
nal distinctions among each of the major
combatants of WWII. Even if no other na-
tional-related distinction is made, any good
tactical game must account for the different
ways each of the major belligerents used
their artillery. Let me try to briefly describe
the differences in which the major combat-
ants performed fire missions with their ar-
tillery (as opposed to how they organised
and deployed it).
Most everything I have to say
here is derived directly from a lecture
I heard at the Origins gaming conven-
tion in 1994. Unfortunately, I cannot
find my notes or the hand-outs from
the lecture (my crazed filing system,
Im afraid), and I especially regret that
I cannot properly accredit the gentle-
man who gave the talk. He was ex-
tremely knowledgeable and incredibly
entertaining and what I learned at the
talk I have not seen anywhere else.
Drives me crazy because Ive been
looking for corroboration since, and I
cannot believe data so fundamentally
important to understanding the dynam-
ics of WWII combat is not readily
available. Maybe somebody could
point me to a good source that will
verify (or refute?) what I say below (by
the way, I do not believe Bruce
Gudmundssons On Artillery covers
the following in any meaningful de-
tail; it was a major disappointment to
me to find such detail missing. To be
fair, as I remember it, Gudmundsson cites
another source that he claims does have
much detail not covered by he himself).
IMPROMPTU FIRES
What I will cover below relates to
unplanned impromptu fires, as opposed to
the pre-planned and plotted fires delivered
prior to an expected offensive. The pre-
planned fires tend to be a special case of
impromptu fires. Note also that the descrip-
tions below largely tend to apply to rela-
tively long distance howitzer fire. Mortars
for instance, tended to use other techniques,
such as walking shots into the target. Also,
note that all nations had several techniques,
and that each of the nations could and did
make use of techniques used by the other
combatants (except that nobody but the U.S.
used the U.S.s system.).
GERMAN PRACTICES
Germany had what most game design-
ers (certainly among micro-armour aficio-
nados, anyway) regard as the typical sys-
tem. Associated with each artillery battal-
ion are specially trained Forward Observ-
ers (FO) who are detailed to travel with
advanced elements which are being sup-
ported by the particular artillery battalion.
For communications back to their artillery,
the FOs had either a radio, or in the Ger-
man case, more often a wire line strung out
behind them going ultimately back to the
battery. Yes indeed, I did say wire. Ap-
parently German artillery was a distant third
behind the Luftwaffe and panzers for radio-
communications equipment, and they had a
wire-based system which they knew how to
make work.
The position of the firing battery had
to be surveyed to precisely locate it on a
map. By survey, I mean the time-consum-
ing whole nine yards of using transits
(surveyors telescope) and the like along
with the hand calculations to get the
batterys precise position on the map. There-
after, the FOs, survey teams, recon units or
whatever, would further survey major ter-
rain features (whenever possible), and fur-
ther add new known positions to the map
back at the artillery HQ. These locations
became firing points.
To call for fire, an FO had to scurry
off to one of the firing points, and take an
angle and range estimate to the potential
target from the known firing point. Because
of the need to do spotting from known
points, and the technical training required
to be part of this fairly complex system, only
specially trained FOs were ever likely to call
for impromptu fire support (I believe). The
data was called in to the firing battery over
the wire. Human computers back at the bat-
tery then did the trigonometric calculations
(by hand or maybe with limited slide rule
assistance) to calculate where on the map
the apparent target was relative to the fir-
ing point, and from that then calculate the
apparent angle and range to the target from
the firing battery. Part of the calculation was
to factor in the meteorological data (even a
slight cross-wind can hopelessly throw off
the accuracy of a shell fired through miles
of the troposphere and stratosphere). Other
variable also had to be factored in (gun wear,
temperature, gun calibre, munitions
type, etc). Now the battery was ready
to fire one spotting round. Time from
initial call-in to first spotting round:
approximately 15 minutes. Then if the
spotting rounds explosion was visible
to the FO, the FO could correct (i.e.,
left 200, down 400 yards) and an-
other spotting round fired and so on
until one fell close enough. At this
point the FO could call fire for ef-
fect and the entire battery and/or bat-
teries could open up.
One major problem of the above sys-
tem was that apparently even trained
observers tended to have something
like 20% errors when estimating
ranges from their position to the tar-
get. Along with all the other potentially
unrecoverable errors (variable winds,
uneven terrain, etc.), this could lead
to some pretty wild initial spotting
rounds and therefore to even more
delay in delivering effective fire.
The calculations for subsequent spot-
ting rounds could usually be made
12 VIEW FROM
much more quickly than for the initial round
because it was likely the corrections would
be relatively small. Therefore simple linear
interpolations could be used to fudge to an
adequate firing solution. Given that typical
time of flight is something like 30 seconds,
and needing several additional minutes for
the necessary communications, calculations,
and gun laying, Id guess maybe 3-5 min-
utes is required for each extra spotting
round.
However, when the artillery came
down, it landed pretty much where Jerry
wanted. In other words, the concept of drift
should have been largely irrelevant to an
impromptu German barrage. On the other
hand, however accurate the barrage may
have been, given the above process, you
have to figure a savvy target might have
some idea what was coming.
The only really good thing you can
say about the above system is that it was
much better than what had previously ex-
isted. In World War I practice, it was virtu-
ally impossible to do impromptu fires un-
less the firing battery could directly see the
target. So in comparison to WWI practice
(and to the Russians), the German system
seemed quite good, and even had some ad-
vantages over the British system (like ac-
curacy; but I get ahead of myself.).
Of course, a battery could always en-
gage in map fire (also known as blind fire)
where essentially no reliance is placed upon
initial spotting rounds. This apparently tends
to result in fairly inaccurate results and tends
therefore to be limited to harassing fires.
Its probably reasonable to allow for some
sort of drift factor in the context of a game
when engaging in such fire.
There are several optimisations to the
above process to speed the delivery of ef-
fective fire. First, any previously targeted
location could have fires very quickly
brought against it because all previous fir-
ing data was logged and could be easily re-
used (youd better believe they saved that
data, given what a bother it was to calcu-
late). Also, fire could be fairly quickly and
accurately delivered against targets located
near a known firing point (read that as near
a previous target) because the necessary
calculations were relatively easy to perform
to correct for small target location changes.
Consequently, if most of the places the Ger-
mans needed to shoot at could be ascertained
ahead of time, there is little reason to see
why individual German batteries could not
fire as effectively as U.S. artillery (see be-
low).
In a prepared defence (or in a pre-
pared attack) the battery could in theory
have any number of pre-plotted firing points
so that effective fire could be quickly deliv-
ered as needed. This technique is also
known as registered fire (the pre-plotted
locations being considered registered).
Even in a hasty defence, defending units
probably tended to have at least a few fir-
ing points to cover the more obvious lines
of attack and could call in fire request via
wired phone (a much more reliable com-
munications method than the radios of the
day).
BRITISH PRACTICES
The British had a very different sys-
tem. They gave their people (artillery and
FOs) good maps with grids marked on them.
The artillery would plot its own grid co-or-
dinates when it set up. To request a fire
mission, the FOs would call in the grid co-
ordinates of the target to the artillery. Then
to calculate firing distance and angle, the
artillery simply assumed that the Earth is a
perfectly flat, infinite plane (take it from
me, it aint!) and did two simple calcula-
tions for distance and angle calculations.
The British could then fire spotting
rounds and correct just like the Germans,
but this would have required sticky arith-
metic calculations, even if only linear in-
terpolations. Also theres the time delay to
work all those formulas out. So instead, the
British just accepted the errors and tended
to fire every available battery at the target.
Since each batterys fire would tend to be
somewhat in error relative to the other bat-
teries, this had the useful effect of blanket-
ing a large area around the target, as well
as the target itself (and probably any Tommy
close enough to observe the target.).
The British were ignoring a whole
host of errors that the Germans carefully
accounted for (elevation changes, wind, tem-
perature, etc.), but by using many batteries
they could get a large enough area covered
so that they would have a reasonable effect
on the target. Also, they got their impromptu
fires really quickly: something like two min-
utes from the time of the first call until those
shells are bursting everywhere.
There are a few major drawbacks to
the above system. While fast it is not accu-
rate, wastes a lot of ammo, and ties up a lot
of divisional artillery assets. Also, it requires
accurate maps with many terrain features
accurately located on the map (i.e., cross
roads, stream beds, town boundaries, etc.).
The British tended to assign fairly senior
NCOs and experienced personnel in the FO
role so that they wound up mitigating the
problem somewhat of wasting ammo (i.e.,
the more experienced FOs had good judge-
ment as to what was and wasnt a worth-
while target). Also, it seems that only FOs
called in missions (at least that is my im-
pression).
I presume (but have no specific ref-
erences) that the British could have and did
use the German system of setting up regis-
tered fire when they had occasion to in more
static situations. Also I should mention my
reservation that I have a hard time believ-
ing the allegation that the British habitu-
ally fired an entire divisions worth of guns
(more or less) for each fire mission.
On a slightly different topic, the fol-
lowing occurs to me as an explanation as to
why the British may have suffered high tank
losses over and over to German AT guns in
North Africa (especially during Rommels
heyday). It could well be that the above Brit-
ish artillery practices prevented effective
fire against the dug-in AT guns. Without
good maps (it was North Africa after all),
accurate fire may have been very difficult
to obtain in a fluid situation. The ultimate
result being that the British felt the only way
they had of dealing with the guns was by
using their tanks. If true, this is another ex-
ample of failure of combined arms tactics
on the part of one side and successful em-
ployment of it on the other side. Just wildly
speculating here - flame the idea, not me.
<grin>
AMERICAN PRACTICES
The Americans used the British sys-
tem, but with a very significant innovation.
They pre-computed the firing data for a huge
number of variations of wind/temperature,
barrel wear, elevation differentials, etc.
Then for each possible variation, they cre-
ated a separate calibrated tape measure.
Along the tape was printed the gun laying
information instead of distance marks.
When a fire mission came in, the plotting
officer would simply go to a filing cabinet
containing the hundreds (thousands?) of
these tapes and pull out the correct one for
the current meteorological and situational
factors. Then the tape would be laid out
between the two grid points on the map (the
batterys and the targets) and the firing data
would be read from the printing on the tape.
Apparently there were some other fudges
that got thrown in to make the firing even
more accurate.
The net result was that there was
about three minutes elapsed time from the
initial fire support call until shells were
making the enemy duck. And the firing was
almost as accurate as the spotted German
fires. Ergo, very responsive explosions ex-
actly where they are wanted.
Again, a drawback to the American
system is that it requires very accurate and
detailed maps (say showing individual farm
buildings for instance) which must be plen-
THE TRENCHES 13
tifully supplied to troops at all levels. How-
ever, given the availability of such maps
American artillery could be hellacious.
I might guess that temporary lack of
such maps may be a reason why certain ob-
vious movements were tardy during the pur-
suit across France. How would you feel
about moving into an area where your artil-
lery could not fire (because the forward
troops as well as the artillery had no maps
with appropriate grid marks)?
The tape measure system was not the
only innovation of the Americans, as there
were several others that followed directly
from the simplicity of the tape usage.
Since the grid system was so easy to
use for calling in fires, it was standard doc-
trine to train all officers in it (and many
enlisted men as well?). In fact the technique
was so easy that an otherwise ignorant en-
listed man could be readily walked through
the procedure over radio (and was on more
than one occasion) when all his officers had
fallen.
Another trick of the Americans was
the Time on Target mission (TOT). With this
one, every battery in range was told the grid
co-ordinates of the target and time when all
shells were to initially land at the target.
Each battery did its normal firing computa-
tion and then calculated the time to pull
the lanyard by backing off the time-of-flight
from the target time. TOT was particularly
nasty because the initial shell from every
gun landed virtually simultaneously before
any defender could take cover. It took too
much effort for the Germans to care much
for such a technique, and the British were
not accurate enough to make the technique
particularly useful. Very nasty and only
Americans could pull it off (it has been
claimed it required as little as 10 or 20 min-
utes preparation).
Another innovation of the Americans
was their ability to obtain accurate fires
extremely quickly from a large number of
firing batteries. Because of the simplicity
and elegance of the tape system, almost any
battery in range could fire on any target in
any direction. All they had to do was get a
request from another firing HQ or even just
listen in on other battalion radio nets (Hey,
Red Bravo Two, we have a situation at grid
co-ordinates such and so.).
This system was formalised by hav-
ing a fire mission request being kicked up-
stairs if warranted for a suitably attractive
target. The firing artillery battalion might
contact the division which then might also
request support from corps. Ostensibly, the
inclusion of the division support added an
additional three minutes to the fire mission,
and including corps assets added three min-
utes yet again. There apparently was one
case in Italy of a Piper Cub pilot (an artil-
lery spotter) calling in no less than five corps
level missions in one hour (this extremity
of fire concentration was of course extremely
uncommon, but certainly not unheard of).
Such relatively spontaneous massing
of fires was absolutely not true of the Ger-
man system which required a careful pre-
plotting by surveyors to figure out where
things really were on the map. In some
sense, all American batteries wind up in
general support (can fire for anybody). Con-
sequently a given fire request may pick up
extra idle batteries to thicken the fires.
And during emergencies, any battery in
range could leap into the fray to save a Yank
ground pounders tail.
Beyond the above standard
organisational doctrine, apparently Ameri-
cans were quite capable of concentrating fire
support on as large a scale as needed. Ill
offer an example from the German counter-
attack at Mortain in August of 1944 (from
Saving the Breakout, Alwyn Fetherstone,
1993). Three American infantry companies
were trapped by the Germans on top of a
hill overlooking the valley that Mortain lies
within (this was a bottle neck that a major
part of the German attack had to pass
through, if it was going to cut off Pattons
breakout). The American infantry held out
for something like two days against the bet-
ter part of a panzer/panzer grenadier divi-
sion that desperately wanted the lousy Yanks
off of the hill. The only problem seems to
have been that some twelve and a half bat-
talions of Uncle Sams artillery could be
called on in an instant by the infantry, any-
where on the highly visible countryside for
miles around. This not only prevented all
daylight movement by the German attack,
but completely thwarted any attack on the
infantry itself, even at night. To imagine the
effect of being a German attacking up that
hill, think of being on a football field with
some fifty to one hundred 20-odd pound
TNT explosions going off around you every
second (some two hundred guns each firing
every 3 to say 8 seconds). Another way to
think of it is to say that, in some sense, you
might expect to have a shell land within
touching distance of you every 15 seconds
or so. Yep, I dont think the US needs to
bow to anybody when it comes to an ability
to deliver impromptu concentrated fires.
As a side note, no artillery gun any-
where (in the US Army at any rate) ever
fired more than about 800 rounds in any day
(Search for Historical Records of High Rate
Artillery Fire in Combat Situations, Trevor
Dupuy, 1978). This was the extreme high,
and a more typical high for any given bat-
tery is likely to be on the order of several
rounds per gun per day. Apparently logisti-
cal limits more than anything tended to pre-
vent firing a larger number of missions.
No doubt more than one German of-
ficer assumed hed have at least the first 15
- 20 minutes of his surprise attack free of
defensive artillery fire. And when the artil-
lery did start to come in, hed expect to be
warned by the initial spotting rounds. In-
stead he found he was under immediate fire
placed directly on his men while many were
still crossing the start line. Im sure it ap-
peared to more than one German that the
Americans must have known when and
where such attacks were coming. No won-
der some Germans were impressed with
American artillery.
14 VIEW FROM
SOVIET PRACTICES
I am not sure my information may be
as reliable regarding Soviet practices as it
is with the Germans, British or Americans.
Also, I would not be surprised if, as in so
much else, that much of the Soviet practice
significantly changed during the course of
the war.
Having said that, let me venture the
following as my understanding. Apparently
the Soviets had very limited ability to call
in impromptu fires. As the guy giving the
Origins lecture said (more or less), If Ivan
knew how to do those calculations (that any
German high school graduate was capable
of), then they did not waste him firing artil-
lery, but put him to work designing aircraft.
Possibly apocryphal, but somehow telling.
Therefore Id postulate that in pre-
pared, and certainly observed fires, the So-
viet artillery should be able to be reason-
ably effective (i.e., accurate and timely).
However, once the situation turns fluid, and
the front starts to displace, Soviet artillery
fire probably becomes almost useless ex-
cept where the artillery itself can see the
target and correct its own fires. In essence,
this mirrors the World War I experience of
well-planned initial fires, and slackening
effect as troops move forward (especially
in fluid situations). Regardless, the general
take is that by late 43 Ivan is rolling in bar-
rels of batteries, and is indeed evilly
equipped in 44 and 45.
Again, the above is just my best guess,
and the Soviets may have been able to adopt
some other system as the war progressed,
especially for mobile operations.
HOW THIS AFFECTS
WARGAMES
You can see from the above, that in a
tactical-level wargame one would expect
each nations artillery to be governed by
rather varied rules. The Germans get accu-
rate artillery, but its somewhat slow to
come. The British get the fire very promptly.
Their fire is less likely to seriously damage
the intended target, but the effect of the bar-
rage is going to be spread over a much wider
area than a similar German or American fire
mission. Furthermore for the most part, for
the British and Germans, only specially
trained Forward Observers can call in artil-
lery fires.
The Americans of course get it all:
fast, deadly accurate (i.e., little or no drift),
they get extra when they care (and even if
they dont care), and they get the additional
potent weapon of Time on Target. I should
also mention that the Americans introduced
proximity fuses during the Bulge, so that
they then start getting the benefit of the far
more deadly airburst fires (deadly to infan-
try and especially to open-topped vehicles).
Note that when in any kind of pre-
pared defensive position, I would expect the
British and German artillery to start re-
sponding as quickly and accurately as
American. However, I suspect that the Brit-
ish and Germans may still have been lim-
ited to only FOs calling the artillery, even
when in defensive positions.
The Russians, depending upon the
period of the war, probably get a ton of not
tremendously accurate, but decent artillery
(again the amount and quality of fires will
vary enormously during the course of the
war). In a mobile situation they are prob-
ably largely limited to line of sight firing
(maybe this is one of the reasons why they
liked relatively big mortars so much?).
Another effect I might expect is dif-
ferences in relative set-up times for deploy-
ing artillery into new positions. British and
American artillery should be fairly quick to
get set-up, being only really limited by hav-
ing to set-up the equipment, connect up their
communications links, and lay in ammo. The
Germans should require more time (unless
all survey prep was done prior to the move)
because the new position has to be surveyed,
and the survey results have to be tied into
previous results. Also the German artillery
seems to have been rather more dependent
upon wire communications than were the
Western Allies, and so may be further de-
layed because of this. I cannot speak at this
point to what the likely limits are which
affect Soviet set-up.
Now that I think of it, the utility of
German and Soviet artillery divisions
probably existed in the ready ability of such
a divisions firing elements to share survey
results and co-ordination within itself.
Contrawise, the difficulty of tying survey
results together across artillery organisations
strikes me as an additional complication that
enormously hinders quick massing of Ger-
man and Soviet artillery battalions, such as
occurred with the Americans at Mortain. Its
not that the Germans and Russians could
not as effectively mass their artillery fire,
but that it would take a lot longer because
essentially everybodys map would have to
be calibrated against each other. Again, Im
just speculating here.

OAF PACK 1
Thomas Huntington
OAF Pack 1 is Critical Hits reprint
of ten scenarios from the oldest ASL ama-
teur magazine On All Fronts, which makes
one of my personal favourite acronyms for
this game. In addition, the package has some
new secret toy surprises to round up our in-
terest.
The pack comes with ten scenarios,
printed two-sided in black-and-white on
card stock. It also includes a full colour half-
sheet of matte paper stock, dominated by
one large overlay and sporting seven un-
mounted counters (four NKPA troops and
three 12-5 1950 bazookas). Theres also
seven blank counters for the new guys, and
a black-and-white sheet with the backs of
the seven counters and a quick introduction
to CHs new format for scenarios cards.
Ill just quote CH for a description of
the changes:
TO&E Tree: Depicts the units and
sub-units involved in a scenario, with
counters needed for play under military sym-
bols. Provides at a glance the overall com-
position of the force involved. Reinforce-
ments are not attached to a branch of the
main tree.
New board and entry information in-
cludes boxes with dotted lines to delineate
the set-up area for each nationality (as de-
noted by appropriate symbol) and entry of
reinforcements. The number in the arrows
off-board indicate the turn of reinforce-
ments, the location of the arrow indicates
the general location for entry. Other data,
such as shading of areas in play on the
boards and overlays, remains unchanged.
The TO&E Tree is interesting, show-
ing the historical source of units by draw-
ing NATO symbols for units above the cor-
responding counters. I worry that the new
demands on space might push some scenario
cards to be more crowded than weve seen
in the past, but the presentation of these
scenarios is clean. One of the assumptions
the scenarios make is that leaders belong to
HQ units. I can see that officers (the 9s,
10s, and the 6+1s) would rank this dis-
tinction, but Ive always imagined the 7-0s
and 8s to be just grunts who have their act
together during the battle.
The new information about the boards
is good. Ive never thought there was any-
thing missing on the Mapboard Configura-
tions before, but CH now has insightfully
added dotted lines and nationality symbols
on top of the maps to mark set-up areas.
Numbered arrows and more nationality sym-
bols show entry areas and entry turns. For
THE TRENCHES 15
the first time, I can look at the empty
mapboard configuration section, and gain a
feel for how the scenario plays without wad-
ing through the SSRs. Now if only we could
have meaningful artwork to give us a rough
idea of what dominant terrain features are
on each map!
The scenarios themselves are a series
of meat-and-potatoes scenarios, with the
barometer pointing more favourably at late-
war fighting. Most of the scenarios have a
good mix of armour and infantry, and gen-
erally run from medium to large sized ac-
tions. One scenario, Attack at Martinville
Ridge, uses DASL boards, while The
Tigers Roar, uses not only the colour over-
lay that comes with the package, but also
calls for the optional use of one of the origi-
nal SL overlays! An SSR gives you alterna-
tive rules to make up for those that dont
have the original overlay. But the package
scores ever higher on an efficient recycling
of ASL components scale.
This is a nice package, with enough
colour and flash peeking out of the plastic
envelope to intrigue you into buying it. I
think its a reasonable deal for the price.
It is available for 8.00 (plus 10%
postage) from The Crusaders, 4 Monkton
Down Road, Blandford Camp, Blandford
Forum, Dorset, DT11 8AE (please make
cheques payable to INTENSIVE FIRE). It
may also be ordered direct from Critical Hit,
88 Lodar Lane, Brewster, NY 10509 for
$12.00 including postage.

using the Area Target Type, and this is one

of the most common reasons for using the
Area Target Type. Area Target Type acqui-
sition can be converted to an Infantry Tar-
get Type acquisition, so if concealment is
stripped, the Gun will already be zeroed in,
so hitting on the Infantry Target Type will
be even easier.
HITTING EVERYTHING
Another fairly common reason for
selecting the Area Target Type is that if the
shot hits, it affects all Locations in the hex
that the firer has LOS to, not just the targets
Location. So if you want to drop a 150mm
shell on a multi-story building hex and have
it affect everyone, use the Area Target Type.
On the other hand, if you want to blast A
into oblivion and dont care about B, then
use the Infantry Target Type. Who knows,
you might even affect B anyway, if youre
lucky and rubble As location, bringing the
house down, so to speak, on B!
With the Area Target Type, you also
gain Acquisition against the entire hex, not
just the targets Location.
As an aside, note that you can fire
SMOKE at the top level of a building for
which you have no LOS to the ground level.
SMOKE is always placed at the ground
level.
AGAINST AFVS
The Area Target Type is sometimes
worth considering if you face an AFV that
you cannot otherwise harm, such as using a
75mm-armed Sherman against a King
Tigers front - in this situation, even a CH
is too weak to penetrate!
In this case, a hit on the Area Target
Type is resolved on the FP6 column with a
+1 DRM for all AF 8 (C1.55), so the King
Tiger is automatically Shocked/Immobilised
if you roll a 2 or 3, although you still cannot
destroy it.
On the other hand, if you score a CH
the FP is not halved, but doubled to 24. Now
the same DR destroys the mighty Tiger!
Admittedly the chance of success is
ter (in practice, things are not quite that
simple, due to the possibility of a CH or the
necessity of an Improbable Hit, but these
figures will suffice).
Even a cursory glance at the table
shows that the Infantry Target Type is more
likely to inflict a result. This is due mainly
to the fact that the TEM is applied to the
reduced FP of an Area Target Type attack,
drastically reducing the chance of getting a
NMC or better In most cases, this is not
matched by an equivalent rise in the chance
of a hit.
CONCEALED TARGETS
However, even if the Area Target
Type may not be the best shot according to
the numbers, there are other considerations
which can make it more attractive.
In particular, a shot on the Infantry
Target Type cannot acquire concealed units,
but you can acquire the hex they are in by
low in both cases, but the 8.3% chance of
success it offers is better than the no chance
at all that a Vehicle Target Type shot offers!
LONG RANGE FIRING
Long range engagements are not so
noticeable in ETO/PTO scenarios, but are
often vital to victory in the desert.
When firing at long range the TH#
for the Infantry Target Type drops much
quicker than for the Area Target Type; in
fact the Area Target Type TH# actually in-
creases at ranges of 13-24 hexes!
As a result, the Area Target Type
tends to be the better choice for long range
fire. This is borne out by the figures in table
2, in which the attacks from table 1 are made
at a range of 13-18 hexes.
In fact, the only time the Infantry Tar-
get Type tends to be better is if the non-
TEM DRM is low enough to compensate
for the lower basic TH#.
As with so many situations in ASL,
hard and fast rules are difficult to quantify,
as the number of variables is often quite
large. For example, Area Target Type con-
sumes all ROF, so a Gun with a good ROF
may be better off firing Infantry Target Type
even when a single shot on the Area Target
Type has an advantage.
Ill leave you with one final thought:
it can be easier to get a CH with the Area
Target Type!

NON TEM DRM TEM +1 TEM +2 TEM +3

37mm -2 25% 15% 17% 8% 12% 3%
0 12% 12% 7% 6% 3% 2%
2 3% 7% 1% 4% 0% 2%
50mm -2 35% 15% 25% 8% 16% 3%
0 16% 12% 10% 6% 5% 2%
2 5% 7% 2% 4% 0% 2%
75mm -2 49% 38% 35% 29% 23% 15%
0 23% 30% 14% 20% 7% 12%
2 7% 17% 2% 12% 0% 7%
150mmm -2 59% 66% 42% 54% 28% 38%
0 28% 52% 17% 43% 9% 30%
2 8% 30% 3% 25% 0% 17%
TABLE 2: The chance of getting a NMC or better at ranges of
13-18 hexes for various Gun calibres.
A TALE OF TWO TARGET TYPES
Continued from page 6
NON TEM DRM TEM +1 TEM +2 TEM +3
37mm -2 35% 14% 30% 7% 24% 2%
0 24% 10% 17% 5% 12% 2%
2 17% 5% 7% 2% 4% 1%
50mm -2 49% 14% 42% 7% 34% 2%
0 34% 10% 24% 5% 16% 2%
2 16% 5% 10% 2% 5% 1%
75mm -2 69% 35% 60% 23% 49% 14%
0 49% 24% 35% 16% 23% 10%
2 23% 12% 14% 8% 7% 5%
150mmm -2 83% 60% 72% 49% 58% 35%
0 58% 42% 42% 34% 28% 24%
2 28% 20% 17% 16% 8% 12%
TABLE 1: The chance of getting a NMC or better at ranges of
3-6 hexes for various Gun calibres.
DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR, THE GERMANS USED A BEWILDERING
VARIETY OF VEHICLES. EXPAND YOUR AVAILABLE ORDER OF BATTLE...
Kinetic Energy Productions presents:
KVAM, NORWAY, 25 APRIL 1940: In the first days of Operation
Weseruebung (the German invasion of Norway), the Germans enjoyed consid-
erable success. Striking up the central valley towards the beachheads at
Trondheim and Narvik, the German forces - using tanks to excellent effect in
spite of the seemingly tank-hostile terrain - brushed aside the main Norwegian
and British units deployed to conduct a delaying action. Now a fresh British
force arrives to slow the German advance by force of will alone - and the help of
several anti-tank guns...
KHOLOVDEVCHIYA, RUSSIA, 14 AUGUST 1943: On the southern rim
of the Kursk salient, the Russians launched a massive hammer blow on the
German units maintaining that line in early August of 1943. The elite
Grossdeutschland Division is immediately brought forward and launches a se-
ries of counterattacks on the Russian breakthrough. On this day, their assign-
ment is the elimination of the threat created by a Russian bridgehead. The
Grossdeutschland Division calls upon its attached assault/demolition company
- Panzer Kompanie (Funklenk) 311 - to handle the job using its radio-con-
trolled B IV demolition vehicles...
BOSANKI PETROVAC, YUGOSLAVIA , 7 FEBRUARY 1943: In their
first action as a combat division, the troops of the SS-Freiwilligen Division 7
(Prinz Eugen) mount a sweep of a sparsely-populated area deep in the heart of
Tito territory in Yugoslavia. Battling the bitter cold as well as the partisans, the
green Prinz Eugen troops have a frustrating time attempting to tie down the
enemy in a truly decisive battle. On this day, however, the partisans have been
caught preparing to evacuate a village, and the SS troops are able to deploy a
flame-throwing tank...
PRAGUE, CZECHOSLOVAKIA, 8 MAY 1945: On the day the war ends in
Europe, the fighting in the city of Prague is just approaching a crescendo. Ger-
man units - still in control of the city - are battling the local Czech partisans who
started the Prague Uprising several days previously. The partisans, desperate
for help in any form, invite the Russian Liberation Army to fight the Germans
for them, in return for asylum once the war ends. Unfortunately for the Rus-
sians under General Vlasov, the communist partisans have no intention of al-
lowing Russian traitors asylum, and brutal three-way fighting erupts through-
out the city.
This is the third issue of the Advanced Squad Leader newsletter Time On Target, which conducts a study on a group of oft-forgotten
German vehicles from the Second World War - vehicles that have been left out of the standard ASL countermix - until now! Experience
scenarios using vehicles previously unavailable - or that have been depicted by some half-baked method that is historically inaccurate or
an eyesore. No Longer! Add these vehicles to your Order of Battle and expand your playing horizons now!
Issue #3 of Time On Target comes with a sheet of 64 full-color mounted and die-cut counters depicting over a dozen new vehicle
types, as well as complete historical notes and rules for each vehicle. Also included are thirteen scenarios, each printed in two color on
high-quality card stock, depicting historically accurate actions highlighting these and other rarely-used vehicles. The newsletter contains
articles on the scenarios, an interview with noted German armor author Tom Jentz, a bibliography, and other ASL-related items.
All items in Time On Target #3 are fully compatible with Avalon Hills Advanced Squad Leader Game System.
This is not a complete game. Ownership of the Advanced Squad Leader Rule Book (including Chapters A-H, J, O, and P), Beyond Valor, Yanks, West of Alamein, Partisan, Code of Bushido, Croix de
Guerre, Red Barricades, Kampfgruppe Peiper I and II, and Time On Target Issue #2 (as well as boards 5, 7, 11, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 26, 27, 28, 31, 33, 36, 37, 40, 41, and 42) is required to play the scenarios included
in Time On Target Issue #3.
Time On Target #3 is available from Kinetic Energy Productions at a cost of $22.00 (plus $3.00 Shipping and Handling for every two
copies ordered [FRU]), and may be ordered by sending a check or money order in U.S. funds to Kinetic Energy Productions, P.O. Box
291580, Hollywood, CA 90029. It is also available from The Crusaders at a cost of 17.60 (plus 10% postage), and may be ordered by
sending a check or money order in U.K. funds (made payable to INTENSIVE FIRE) to The Crusaders, 4 Monkton Down Road, Blandford
Camp, Blandford Forum, Dorset, DT11 8AE.