Fluid Mechancis and Machinery Question Bank For 2013 Regulation
Fluid Mechancis and Machinery Question Bank For 2013 Regulation
Fluid Mechancis and Machinery Question Bank For 2013 Regulation
K COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
AND TECHNOLOGY
RSM NAGAR, PUDUVOYAL-601206
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
CE6451 FLUID MECHANICS & MACHINERY
III SEM MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Regulation 2013
QUESTION BANK
PREPARED BY
R.ASHOK KUMAR M.E (CAD)
R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ / R2013/ CE6451 / III / MECH / JUNE 2014 NOV 2014
CE6451 FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.R (AP / Mech) 2
R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ / R2013/ CE6451 / III / MECH / JUNE 2014 NOV 2014
CE6451 FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.R (AP / Mech) 3
UNIT - I - FLUID PROPERTIES AND FLOW CHARACTERISTICS
Part - A
1.1) What is a fluid? How are fluids classified?
1.2) Define fluid. Give examples. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
1.3) How fluids are classified? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2008, May / J une - 2012]
1.4) Distinguish between solid and fluid. [AU, May / J une - 2006]
1.5) Differentiate between solids and liquids. [AU, May / J une - 2007]
1.6) Discuss the importance of ideal fluid. [AU, April / May - 2011]
1.7) What is a real fluid? [AU, April / May - 2003]
1.8) Define Newtonian and Non Newtonian fluids. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
1.9) What are Non Newtonian fluids? Give example. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
1.10) Differentiate between Newtonian and Non Newtonian fluids.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
1.11) What is the difference between an ideal and a real fluid?
1.12) Differentiate between liquids and gases.
1.13) Define Pascals law. [AU, Nov / Dec 2005, 2008]
1.14) Define the term density.
1.15) Define mass density and weight density. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
1.16) Distinguish between the mass density and weight density.
[AU, May / J une - 2009]
1.17) Define the term specific volume and express its units. [AU, April / May - 2011]
1.18) Define specific weight.
1.19) Define specific weight and density. [AU, May / J une - 2012]
1.20) Define density and specific gravity of a fluid. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
1.21) Define the term specific gravity.
1.22) What is specific weight and specific gravity of a fluid? [AU, April / May - 2010]
1.23) What is specific gravity? How is it related to density? [AU, April / May - 2008]
1.24) What do you mean by the term viscosity?
1.25) What is viscosity? What is the cause of it in liquids and in gases?
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2005]
1.26) Define Viscosity and give its unit. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2003]
1.27) Define Newtons law of viscosity. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
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1.28) State the Newton's law of viscosity.
[AU, April / May, Nov / Dec - 2005, May / J une - 2007]
1.29) Define Newtons law of viscosity and write the relationship between shear stress
and velocity gradient? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]
1.30) What is viscosity and give its units? [AU, April / May - 2011]
1.31) Define coefficient of viscosity. [AU, April / May - 2005]
1.32) Define coefficient of volume of expansion. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
1.33) Define relative or specific viscosity. [AU, May / J une - 2013]
1.34) Define kinematic viscosity. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
1.35) Define kinematic and dynamic viscosity. [AU, May / J une - 2006]
1.36) Mention the significance of kinematic viscosity. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
1.37) What is dynamic viscosity? What are its units?
1.38) Define dynamic viscosity. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2008, May / J une - 2012]
1.39) Define the terms kinematic viscosity and give its dimensions.
[AU, May / J une - 2009]
1.40) What is kinematic viscosity? State its units? [AU, May / J une - 2014]
1.41) Differentiate between kinematic viscosity of liquids and gases with respect to
pressure. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2013]
1.42) Write the units and dimensions for kinematic and dynamic viscosity.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2005]
1.43) What are the units and dimensions for kinematic and dynamic viscosity of a
fluid? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2006, 2012]
1.44) Differentiate between kinematic and dynamic viscosity.
[AU, May / J une - 2007, Nov / Dec 2008, 2011]
1.45) How does the dynamic viscosity of liquids and gases vary with temperature?
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2007, April / May - 2008]
1.46) What are the variations of viscosity with temperature for fluids?
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
1.47) What is the effect of temperature on viscosity of water and that of air?
1.48) Why is it necessary in winter to use lighter oil for automobiles than in summer?
To what property does the term lighter refer? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
1.49) Define the term pressure. What are its units? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2005]
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1.50) Give the dimensions of the following physical quantities
[AU, April / May - 2003]
a) Pressure b) surface tension
c) Dynamic viscosity d) kinematic viscosity
1.51) Define eddy viscosity. How it differs from molecular viscosity?
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
1.52) Define surface tension. [AU, May / J une - 2006]
1.53) Define surface tension and expression its unit. [AU, April / May - 2011]
1.54) Define capillarity. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2005, May / J une - 2006]
1.55) What is the difference between cohesion and adhesion?
1.56) Define the term vapour pressure.
1.57) What is meant by vapour pressure of a fluid? [AU, April / May - 2010]
1.58) What are the types of pressure measuring devices?
1.59) What do you understand by terms:
i) Isothermal process ii) adiabatic process
1.60) What do you mean by capillarity? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
1.61) Explain the phenomenon of capillarity.
1.62) Define surface tension.
1.63) What is compressibility of fluid?
1.64) Define compressibility of the fluid.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2008, May / J une - 2009]
1.65) Define compressibility and viscosity of a fluid. [AU, April / May - 2005]
1.66) Define coefficient of compressibility. What is its value for ideal gases?
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
1.67) List the components of total head in a steady, in compressible irrotational flow.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
1.68) Define the bulk modulus of fluid. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
1.69) Define - compressibility and bulk modulus. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
1.70) Write short notes on thyxotropic fluid.
1.71) What is Thyxotrphic fluid? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2003]
1.72) One poises equal to __________Pa.s.
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1.73) Give the types of fluid flow.
1.74) Define steady flow and give an example.
1.75) Define unsteady flow and give an example.
1.76) Differentiate between the steady and unsteady flow. [AU, May / J une - 2006]
1.77) When is the flow regarded as unsteady? Give an example for unsteady flow.
[AU, April / May - 2003]
1.78) Define uniform flow and give an example.
1.79) Define non uniform flow and give an example.
1.80) Differentiate between steady flow and uniform flow. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
1.81) Define laminar and turbulent flow and give an example.
1.82) Differentiate between laminar and turbulent flow.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2005, 2008]
1.83) Distinguish between Laminar and Turbulent flow. [AU, April / May - 2010]
1.84) State the criteria for laminar flow. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
1.85) State the characteristics of laminar flow. [AU, April / May - 2010]
1.86) What are the characteristics of laminar flow? [AU, May / J une - 2014]
1.87) Mention the general characteristics of laminar flow. [AU, May / J une - 2013]
1.88) Define compressible and incompressible flow and give an example.
1.89) Define rotational and irrotational flow and give an example.
1.90) Distinguish between rotation and circularity in fluid flow.
[AU, April / May - 2005]
1.91) Define stream line. What do stream lines indicate? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
1.92) Define streamline and path line in fluid flow. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2005]
1.93) What is stream line and path line in fluid flow? [AU, April / May - 2010]
1.94) What is a streamline? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
1.95) Define streak line. [AU, April / May - 2008]
1.96) Define stream function. [AU, April / May 2010, May / J une - 2012]
1.97) Define control volume.
1.98) What is meant by continuum? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
1.99) Define continuity equation.
1.100) Write down the equation of continuity. [AU, Nov / Dec 2008, 2009, 2012]
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1.101) State the continuity equation in one dimensional form?
[AU, May / J une - 2012]
1.102) State the general continuity equation for a 3 - D incompressible fluid flow.
[AU, May / J une - 2007, Nov / Dec - 2012]
1.103) State the continuity equation for the case of a general 3-D flow.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
1.104) State the equation of continuity in 3dimensional incompressible flow.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2005]
1.105) State the assumptions made in deriving continuity equation.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
1.106) Define Euler's equation of motion.
1.107) Write the Euler's equation. [AU, April / May - 2011]
1.108) What is Eulers equation of motion? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
1.109) Define Bernoulli's equation.
1.110) Write the Bernoullis equation in terms of head. Explain each term.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
1.111) What are the basic assumptions made is deriving Bernoullis theorem?
[AU, Nov / Dec 2005, 2012]
1.112) List the assumptions which are made while deriving Bernoullis equation.
[AU, May / J une - 2012]
1.113) State at least two assumptions of Bernoullis equation.
[AU, May / J une - 2009]
1.114) What are the three major assumptions made in the derivation of the Bernoullis
equation? [AU, April / May - 2008]
1.115) State Bernoullis theorem as applicable to fluid flow. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2003]
1.116) Give the assumptions made in deriving Bernoullis equation.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
1.117) What are the applications of Bernoullis theorem? [AU, April / May - 2010]
1.118) Give the application of Bernoullis equation.
1.119) List the types of flow measuring devices fitted in a pipe flow, which uses the
principle of Bernoullis equation. [AU, May / J une - 2012]
1.120) Mention the uses of manometer. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
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1.121) State the use of venturimeter. [AU, May / J une - 2006]
1.122) Define momentum principle.
1.123) Define impulse momentum equation.
1.124) Write the impulse momentum equation. [AU, May / J une - 2007]
1.125) What do you understand by impulse momentum equation?
[AU, May / J une - 2013]
1.126) State the momentum equation. When can it applied. [AU, May / J une - 2009]
1.127) State the usefulness of momentum equation as applicable to fluid flow
phenomenon. [AU, May / J une 2007, Nov / Dec - 2012]
1.128) Define discharge (or) rate of flow.
1.129) Discuss the momentum flux. [AU, April / May - 2011]
1.130) Find the continuity equation, when the fluid is incompressible and densities are
equal.
1.131) What is the moment of momentum equation? [AU, May / J une - 2014]
1.132) Explain classification of fluids based on viscosity.
1.133) State and prove Euler's equation of motion. Obtain Bernoulli's equation from
Euler's equation.
1.134) State and prove Bernoulli's equation. What are the limitations of the Bernoulli's
equation?
1.135) State the momentum equation. How will you apply momentum equation for
determining the force exerted by a flowing liquid on a pipe bend?
1.136) Give the equation of continuity. Obtain an expression for continuity equation
for a three - dimensional flow.
1.137) Calculate the density of one litre petrol of specific gravity 0.7?
[AU, April / May - 2011]
1.138) A soap bubble is formed when the inside pressure is 5 N/m
2
above the
atmospheric pressure. If surface tension in the soap bubble is 0.0125 N/m, find the
diameter of the bubble formed. [AU, April / May - 2010]
1.139) The converging pipe with inlet and outlet diameters of 200 mm and 150 mm
carries the oil whose specific gravity is 0.8. The velocity of oil at the entry is 2.5
m/s, find the velocity at the exit of the pipe and oil flow rate in kg/sec.
[AU, April / May - 2010]
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1.140) Find the height through which the water rises by the capillary action in a 2mm
bore if the surface tension at the prevailing temperature is0.075 g/cm.
[AU, April / May - 2003]
1.141) Find the height of a mountain where the atmospheric pressure is 730mm of Hg
at normal conditions. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
1.142) Suppose the small air bubbles in a glass of tap water may be on the order of50
m in diameter. What is the pressure inside these bubbles? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
1.143) An open tank contains water up to depth of 2.85m and above it an oil of
specific gravity 0.92 for the depth of 2.1m. Calculate the pressures at the interface
of two liquids and at the bottom of the tank. [AU, April / May - 2011]
1.144) Two horizontal plates are placed 12.5mm apart, the space between them is
being filled with oil of viscosity 14 poise. Calculate the shear stress in the oil if the
upper plate is moved with the velocity of 2.5m/s. Define specific weight.
[AU, May / J une - 2012]
1.145) Calculate the height of capillary rise for water in a glass tube of diameter 1mm.
[AU, May / J une - 2012]
PART - B
1.146) What are the various classification of fluids? Discuss [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
1.147) State and prove Pascal's law. [AU, May / J une, Nov / Dec - 2007]
1.148) What is Hydrostatic law? Derive an expression to show the same.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
1.149) Explain the properties of hydraulic fluid. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
1.150) Discuss the equation of continuity. Obtain an expression for continuity
equation in three dimensional forms. [AU, April / May - 2011]
1.151) Explain in detail the Newton's law of viscosity. Briefly classify the fluids based
on the density and viscosity. Give the limitations of applicability of Newton's law
of viscosity. [AU, April / May - 2011]
1.152) State the effect of temperature and pressure on viscosity.
[AU, May / J une - 2009]
1.153) Explain the term specific gravity, density, compressibility and vapour pressure.
[AU, May / J une - 2009]
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1.154) Explain the terms Specific weight, Density, Absolute pressure and Gauge
pressure. [AU, April / May - 2011]
1.155) Define Surface tension and also compressibility of a fluid?
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]
1.156) Explain the phenomenon surface tension and capillarity.
[AU, April / May - 2011]
1.157) Derive an expression for the capillary rise of a liquid having surface tension
and contact angle between two vertical parallel plates at a distance W apart. If the
plates are of glass, what will be the capillary rise of water? Assume = 0.773N / m,
= 0 Take W=l mm. [AU, May / J une - 2014]
1.158) What is compressibility of fluids? Give the relationship between
compressibility and bulk modulus [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
1.159) Prove that the relationship between surface tension and pressure inside the
droplet of liquid in excess of outside pressure is given by P = 4/d.
[AU, April / May 2010, 2011, Nov / Dec - 2008]
1.160) Explain the following
Capillarity
Surface tension
Compressibility
Kinematic viscosity [AU, May / J une - 2012]
1.161) Derive the energy equation and state the assumptions made while deriving the
equation. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
1.162) Derive Euler's equation of motion. [AU, May / J une - 2014]
1.163) Derive from the first principles, the Eulers equation of motion for a steady
flow along a stream line. Hence derive Bernoulli equation. State the various
assumptions involved in the above derivation. [AU, May / J une - 2009]
1.164) Derive from basic principle the Eulers equation of motion in 2D flow in X-Y
coordinate system and reduce the equation to get Bernoullis equation for
unidirectional stream lined flow. [AU, April / May - 2005]
1.165) State Eulers equation of motion, in the differential form. Derive Bernoullis
equation from the above for the cases of an ideal fluid flow.
[AU, May / J une - 2007, Nov / Dec - 2012]
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1.166) State the law of conservation of man and derive the equation of continuity in
Cartesian coordinates for an incompressible fluid. Would it alter if the flow were
unsteady, highly viscous and compressible? [AU, April / May - 2011]
1.167) Derive the equation of continuity for one dimensional flow.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2008, April / May - 2010]
1.168) Derive the continuity equation for 3 dimensional flow in Cartesian coordinates.
[AU, May / J une - 2006]
1.169) Derive the general form of continuity equation in Cartesian coordinates.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
1.170) Derive the continuity equation of differential form. Discuss weathers equation
is valid for a steady flow or unsteady flow, viscous or in viscid flow, compressible
or incompressible flow. [AU, April / May - 2003]
1.171) Derive continuity equation from basic principles. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
1.172) Derive Bernoullis equation along with assumptions made.
[AU, May / J une - 2007]
1.173) State Bernoullis theorem for steady flow of an in compressible fluid.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2004, 2005, April / May 2010, May / J une - 2013]
1.174) State Bernoullis theorem for steady flow of an in compressible fluid. Derive
an expression for Bernoulli equation and state the assumptions made.
[AU, May / J une - 2009]
1.175) State the assumptions in the derivation of Bernoullis equation.
[AU, May / J une, Nov / Dec - 2007]
1.176) Derive an expression for Bernoullis equation for a fluid flow.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2004, 2005, April / May - 2010]
1.177) Derive Bernoullis equation from the first principles? State the assumptions
made while deriving Bernoullis equation. [AU, May / J une - 2012]
1.178) Derive from basic principle the Eulers equation of motion in Cartesian co
ordinates system and deduce the equation to Bernoullis theorem steady irrotational
flow. [AU, April / May - 2004]
1.179) Derive the Eulers equation of motion and deduce the expression to Bernoullis
equation. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
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1.180) Develop the Euler equation of motion and then derive the one dimensional
form of Bernoullis equation. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
1.181) Show that for a perfect gas the bulk modulus of elasticity equals its pressure for
An isothermal process
times the pressure for an isentropic process
[AU, April / May - 2003]
1.182) State and derive impulse momentum equation. [AU, April / May - 2005]
1.183) Derive momentum equation for a steady flow. [AU, May / J une - 2012]
1.184) Derive the linear momentum equation using the control volume approach and
determine the force exerted by the fluid flowing through a pipe bend.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
1.185) With a neat sketch, explain briefly an orifice meter and obtain an expression
for the discharge through it. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
1.186) Draw the sectional view of Pitots tube and write its concept to measure
velocity of fluid flow? [AU, April / May - 2005]
PROBLEMS
1.187) A soap bubble is 60mm in diameter. If the surface tension of the soap film is
0.012 N/m. Find the excess pressure inside the bubble and also derive the
expression used in this problem. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
1.188) A spherical water droplet of 5 mm in diameter splits up in the air into 16
smaller droplets of equal size. Find the work involved in splitting up the droplet.
The surface tension of water may be assumed as 0.072 N/m
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
1.189) A liquid weighs 7.25N per litre. Calculate the specific weight, density and
specific gravity of the liquid.
1.190) One litre of crude oil weighs 9.6N. Calculate its specific weight, density and
specific gravity. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
1.191) Determine the viscosity of a liquid having a kinematic viscosity 6 stokes and
specific gravity 1.9. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2008, April / May - 2010]
1.192) Determine the mass density; specific volume and specific weight of liquid
whose specific gravity 0.85. [AU, April / May - 2010]
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1.193) If the volume of a balloon is to reach a sphere of 8m diameter at an altitude
where the pressure is 0.2 bar and temperature -40C. Determine the mass hydrogen
to be charged into the balloon and volume and diameter at ground level. Where the
pressure is 1bar and temperature is 25C. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
1.194) A pipe of 30 cm diameter carrying 0.25 m
3
/s water. The pipe is bent by 135
from the horizontal anti-clockwise. The pressure of water flowing through the pipe
is 400 kN. Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant force on the bend.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
1.195) A liquid has a specific gravity of 0.72. Find its density and specific weight.
Find also the weight per litre of the liquid.
1.196) A 1.9mm diameter tube is inserted into an unknown liquid whose density is
960kg/m3, and it is observed that the liquid raise 5mm in the tube, making a
contact angle of 15. Determine the surface tension of the liquid.
[AU, April / May - 2008]
1.197) A 0.3m diameter pipe carrying oil at 1.5m/s velocity suddenly expands to 0.6m
diameter pipe. Determine the discharge and velocity in 0.6m diameter pipe.
[AU, May / J une - 2012]
1.198) Explain surface tension. Water at 20C ( = 0.0.73N/m, = 9.8kN/m
3
and
angle of contact = 0) rises through a tube due to capillary action. Find the tube
diameter requires, if the capillary rise is less than 1mm. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
1.199) A Newtonian fluid is filled in the clearance between a shaft and a concentric
sleeve. The sleeve attains a speed of 50cm/s, when a force of 40N is applied to the
sleeve parallel to the shaft. Determine the speed of the shaft, if a force of 200N is
applied. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]
1.200) An oil film thickness 10mm is used for lubrication between the square parallel
plate of size 0.9 m * 0.9 m, in which the upper plate moves at 2m/s requires a force
of 100 N to maintain this speed. Determine the
Dynamic viscosity of the oil in poise and
Kinematic viscosity of the oil in stokes.
The specific gravity of the oil is 0.95. [AU, Nov / Dec 2003]
1.201) The space between two square flat parallel plates is filled with oil. Each side of
the plate is 60cm. The thickness of the oil film is 12.5mm. The upper plate, which
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moves at 2.5 meter per sec, requires a force of 98.1N to maintain the speed.
Determine the
Dynamic viscosity of the oil in poise and
Kinematic viscosity of the oil in stokes.
The specific gravity of the oil is 0.95. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
1.202) What is the bulk modulus of elasticity of a liquid which is compressed in a
cylinder from a volume of 0.0125m
3
at 80N/cm
2
pressure to a volume of 0.0124m
3
at pressure 150N/cm
2
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2004]
1.203) Determine the bulk modulus of elasticity of elasticity of a liquid, if the pressure
of the liquid is increased from 7MN/m
2
to 13MN/m
2
, the volume of liquid
decreases by 0.15%. [AU, May / J une - 2009]
1.204) The measuring instruments fitted inside an airplane indicate the pressure 1.032
*10
5
Pa
,
temperature T
0
= 288 K and density
0
= 1.285 kg/m
3
at takeoff. If a
standard temperature lapse rate of 0.0065 K/m is assumed, at what elevation is the
plane when a pressure of 0.53*10
5
recorded? Neglect the variations of acceleration
due gravity with the altitude and take airport elevation as 600m.
A person must breathe a constant mass rate of air to maintain his metabolic
process. If he inhales 20 times per minute at the airport level of 600m, what would
you except his breathing rate at the calculated altitude of the plane?
[AU, May / J une - 2009]
1.205) The space between two square parallel plates is filled with oil. Each side of the
plate is 75 cm. The thickness of oil film is 10 mm. The upper plate which moves
at 3 m/s requires a force of 100 N to maintain the speed. Determine the
Dynamic viscosity of the oil
Kinematic viscosity of the oil, if the specific gravity of the oil is 0.9.
1.206) A rectangular plate of size 25cm* 50cm and weighing at 245.3 N slides down
at 30 inclined surface with uniform velocity of 2m/s. If the uniform 2mm gap
between the plates is inclined surface filled with oil. Determine the viscosity of the
oil. [AU, April / May 2004, Nov / Dec - 2012]
1.207) A space between two parallel plates 5mm apart, is filled with crude oil of
specific gravity 0.9. A force of 2N is require to drag the upper plate at a constant
velocity of 0.8m/s. the lower plate is stationary. The area of upper plate is 0.09m
2
.
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Determine the dynamic viscosity in poise and kinematic viscosity of oil in strokes.
[AU, May / J une - 2009]
1.208) The space between two large flat and parallel walls 25mm apart is filled with
liquid of absolute viscosity 0.7 Pa.sec. Within this space a thin flat plate 250mm *
250mm is towed at a velocity of 150mm/s at a distance of 6mm from one wall, the
plate and its movement being parallel to the walls. Assuming linear variations of
velocity between the plates and the walls, determine the force exerted by the liquid
on the plate. [AU, May / J une - 2012]
1.209) A jet issuing at a velocity of 25 m/s is directed at 35 to the horizontal.
Calculate the height cleared by the jet at 28 m from the discharge location? Also
determine the maximum height the jet will clear and the corresponding horizontal
location. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
1.210) A flat plate of area 0.125m
2
is pulled at 0.25 m/sec with respect to another
parallel plate 1mm distant from it, the space between the plates containing water of
viscosity 0.001Ns/ m
2
. Find the force necessary to maintain this velocity. Find also
the power required.
1.211) Lateral stability of a long shaft 150 mm in diameter is obtained by means of a
250 mm stationary bearing having an internal diameter of 150.25 mm. If the space
between bearing and shaft is filled with a lubricant having a viscosity 0.245 N s/m
2
,
what power will be required to overcome the viscous resistance when the shaft is
rotated at a constant rate of 180 rpm? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
1.212) Find the kinematic viscosity of water whose specific gravity is 0.95 and
viscosity is0.0011Ns/m
2
.
1.213) The dynamic viscosity of oil, used for lubrication between a shaft and sleeve
is6poise. The shaft is of diameter 0.4m and rotates at 190 rpm. Calculate the power
lost in the bearing for a sleeve length of 90mm. The thickness of the oil film is
1.5mm. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007, May / J une - 2012]
1.214) A 200 mm diameter shaft slides through a sleeve, 200.5 mm in diameter and
400 mm long, at a velocity of 30 cm/s. The viscosity of the oil filling the annular
space is m = 0.1125 NS/ m
2
. Find resistance to the motion.
[A.U. Nov / Dec - 2008]
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1.215) A 0.5m shaft rotates in a sleeve under lubrication with viscosity 5 Poise at
200rpm. Calculate the power lost for a length of 100mm if the thickness of the oil
is 1mm. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
1.216) A 15 cm diameter vertical cylinder rotates concentrically inside another
cylinder of diameter 15.10 cm. Both cylinders are 25 cm high. The space between
the cylinders is filled with a liquid whose viscosity is unknown. If a torque of 12.0
Nm is required to rotate the inner cylinder at 100 rpm, determine the viscosity of
the fluid. [AU, May / J une - 2013]
1.217) A400 mm diameter shaft is rotating at 200 r.p.m. in a bearing of length 120
mm. If the thickness of film is 1.5 mm and the dynamic viscosity of the oil is 0.7
N.s/m
2
, determine (i) Torque required to overcome friction in bearing (ii) Power
utilized to overcoming viscous friction. Assume linear velocity profile.
[AU, May / J une - 2014]
1.218) Calculate the gauge pressure and absolute pressure within (i) a droplet of water
0.4cm in diameter (ii) a jet of water 0.4cm in diameter. Assume the surface tension
of water as 0.03N/m and the atmospheric pressure as 101.3kN/m
2
.
1.219) What do you mean by surface tension? If the pressure difference between the
inside and outside of air bubble of diameter, 0.01 mm is 29.2kPa, what will be the
surface tension at air water interface? Derive an expression for the surface tension
in the air bubble and from it, deduce the result for the given conditions.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2005]
1.220) A 1.9-mm - diameter tube is inserted into an unknown liquid whose density is
960 kg/ m
3
, and it is observed that the liquid rises 5 mm in the tube, making a
contact angle of 15
C
and the values of surface tension of water and mercury at 20
and
for mercury u = 130
C
and the values of surface tension of water and mercury at 20
C as equal to 9790N/
m
3
. [AU, Nov / Dec 2005, 2007]
1.232) A Capillary tube having inside diameter 6 mm is dipped in CCl
4
at 20
o
C. Find
the rise of CCl
4
in the tube if surface tension is 2.67 N/m and Specific gravity is
1.594 and contact angle u is 60
reducing bend is connected in a pipe line, the diameters at the inlet and
outlet of the bend being 600mm and 300mm respectively. Find the force exerted by
water on the bend if the intensity of pressure at the inlet to the bend is 8.829N/cm
2
and rate of flow of water is600 litre / sec.
1.255) Gasoline (specific gravity = 0.8) is flowing upwards through a vertical pipe line
which tapers from300mm to 150mm diameter. A gasoline mercury differential
manometer is connected between 300 mm and 150 mm pipe sections to measure
the rate of flow. The distance between the manometer tappings is 1meter and the
gauge heading is 500 mm of mercury. Find the(i) differential gauge reading in
terms of gasoline head (ii) rate of flow. Assume frictional and other losses are
negligible. [AU, May / J une 2007, 2014, Nov / Dec - 2012]
1.256) Water enters a reducing pipe horizontally and comes out vertically in the
downward direction. If the inlet velocity is 5 m/s and pressure is 80 kPa (gauge)
and the diameters at the entrance and exit sections are 30 cm and 20 cm
respectively, calculate the components of the reaction acting on the pipe.
[AU, May / J une 2007, Nov / Dec - 2012]
1.257) A horizontal pipe has an abrupt expansion from 10 cm to 16 cm. The water
velocity in the smaller section is 12 m/s, and the flow is turbulent. The pressure in
the smaller section is 300 kPa. Determine the downstream pressure, and estimate
the error that would have occurred if Bernoullis equation had been used.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
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1.258) Air flows through a pipe at a rate of 20 L/s. The pipe consists of two sections
of diameters20 cm and 10 cm with a smooth reducing section that connects them.
The pressure difference between the two pipe sections is measured by a water
manometer. Neglecting frictional effects, determine the differential height of water
between the two pipe sections. Take the air density to be 1.20 kg/m
3
.
[AU, April / May - 2008]
1.259) A horizontal venturimeter with inlet diameter 200 mm and throat diameter 100
mm is employed to measure the flow of water. The reading of the differential
manometer connected to the inlet is 180 mm of mercury. If C
d
= 0.98, determine
the rate of flow. [AU, April / May - 2010]
1.260) A horizontal venturimeter of specification 200mm * 100mm is used to
measure the discharge of an oil of specific gravity 0.8. A mercury manometer is
used for the purpose. If the discharge is 100 litres per second and the coefficient of
discharge of meter is 0.98, find the manometer deflection. [AU, May / J une - 2007]
1.261) Determine the pressure difference between inlet and throat of a vertical
venturimeter of size 150 mm x 75 mm carrying oil of S = 0.8 at flow rate of 40 lps.
The throat is 150 mm above the inlet.
1.262) A pipe of 300 mm diameter inclined at 30
2
,
)
3.99) Consider viscous flow over a very small object. Analysis of the equations of
motion shows that the inertial terms are much smaller than viscous and pressure
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terms. Fluid density drops out, and these are called creeping flows. The only
important parameters are velocity U, viscosity , and body length scale d. For
three-dimensional bodies,. Like spheres, creeping flow analysis yields very good
results. It is uncertain, however, if creeping flow applies to two-dimensional
bodies, such as cylinders, since even though the diameter may be very small, the
length of the cylinder is infinite. Let us see if dimensional analysis can help. (1)
Apply the Pi theorem to two-dimensional drag force F
2-D
, as a function of the other
parameters. Be careful: two-dimensional drag has dimensions of fake per unit
length, not simply force. (2) Is your analysis in part (1) physically plausible? If not,
explain why not. (3) It turns out that fluid density cannot be neglected in analysis
of creeping flow over two dimensional bodies. Repeat the dimensional analysis,
this time including as a variable, and find the resulting non dimensional relation
between the parameters in this problem. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2013]
3.100) When fluid in a pipe is accelerated linearly from rest, it begins as laminar flow
and then undergoes transition to turbulence at a time t, which depends upon the
pipe diameter D, fluid acceleration a, density and viscosity . Arrange this into a
dimensionless relation between t and D. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2013]
3.101) What are the similarities between model and prototype? Mention the
applications of model testing. [AU, May / J une - 2013]
PROBLEMS
3.102) Find the discharge through a weir model by knowing the discharge over the
actual (proto type) weir is measured as 1.5m
3
/s. The horizontal dimension of the
model = 1/50 of the horizontal dimensions of the proto type and the vertical
dimension of the model = 1/10 of the vertical dimension of the proto type. (Hint:
Apply Froude model law) [AU, April / May - 2004]
3.103) Model of an air duct operating with water produces a pressure drop of 10
kN/m
2
over 10 m length. If the scale ratio is 1/50. Density of water is 1000 kg/m
3
and density of air is 1.2 kg/m
3
. Viscosity of water is 01.001 Ns/m
2
and viscosity of
air 0.00002 Ns/m
2
. Estimate corresponding drop in a 20m long air duct.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2004, 2005, April / May - 2010]
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3.104) A model of a hydroelectric power station tail race is proposed to build by
selecting vertical scale 1 in 50 and horizontal scale 1 in 100. If the design pipe has
flow rate of 600m
3
/s and allow the discharge of 800m
3
/s. Calculate the
corresponding flow rates for the model testing. [AU, April / May - 2005]
3.105) A pipe of diameter 1.5 m is required to transport an oil of specific gravity 0.90
and viscosity 3 * 10
-2
poise at the rate 3000 litre / sec. Test where conducted on a
15cm diameter pipe using water at 20 C. Find the velocity and the rate of flow in
model. Viscosity of water at 20C = 0.01poise. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
3.106) In order to predict the pressure in a large air duct model is constructed with
linear dimensions (1/10)
th
that of the prototype and the water was used as the
testing fluid. If water is 1000 times denser than that of air and has 100 times the
viscosity of air, determine the pressure drop in the prototype, for the conditions
corresponding to a pressure drop of 70kPa, in the model. [AU, May / J une - 2009]
3.107) In an aero plane model of size 1/10 of its prototype, the pressure drop is
7.5kN/m
2
. The model is tested in water; find the corresponding drop in prototype.
Assume density of air = 1.24kg/m
3
; density of water = 1000kg/m
3
; viscosity of air
= 0.00018 poise; viscosity of water = 0.01 poise. [AU, May / J une - 2007]
3.108) A geometrically similar model of an air duct is built to 1/25 scale and tested
with water which is 50 times more viscous and 800 times denser than air. When
tested under dynamically similar conditions, the pressure drop is 200 kN/m
2
in the
model. Find the corresponding pressure drop in the full scale prototype and express
in cm of water. [AU, Nov / Dec 2010, May / J une - 2014]
3.109) Model tests have conducted to study the energy losses in a pipe line of 1m
diameter required to transport kerosene of specific gravity 0.80 and dynamic
viscosity 0.02 poise at the rate of 2000 litre/sec. Tests were conducted on a 10cm
diameter pipe using water at 20C. What is the flow rate in the model? If the
energy head loss in 30m length of the model is measured as 44cm of water, what
will be the corresponding head loss in the prototype? What will be the friction
factor for the prototype pipe. [AU, May / J une - 2012]
3.110) In a geometrically similar model of spillway the discharge per meter length is
0.2m
3
/sec. if the scale of the model is 1/36, find the discharge per meter run of the
prototype. [AU, May / J une - 2014]
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3.111) A spillway model is to be built to a geometrically similar scale of
1
50
- across a
flume of 600 mm width. The prototype is 15 m high and maximum head on it is
expected to be 1.5 m.
What height of model and what head on the model should be used?
If the flow over the model at a particular head is 12 litres per second, what
flow per metre length of the prototype is expected?
If the negative pressure in the model is 200 mm, what is the negative
pressure in prototype? Is it practicable? [AU, May / J une - 2013]
3.112) An agitator of diameter D rotates at a speed N in a liquid of density and
viscosity . Show that the power required to mix the liquid is expressed by a
functional form [AU, April / May - 2011]
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UNIT IV PUMPS
PART - A
4.1) Define centrifugal pump.
4.2) Mention the main parts of the Centrifugal pump. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
4.3) How centrifugal pumps are classified based on casing? [AU, May / J une - 2006]
4.4) Define impeller.
4.5) Define casing.
4.6) List the commonly used casings in centrifugal pumps. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
4.7) What is the role of a volute chamber of a centrifugal pump?
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2005]
4.8) What precautions are to be taken while starting and closing the centrifugal
pump? [AU, May / J une - 2012]
4.9) Define priming of centrifugal pump.
4.10) What is priming? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
4.11) Why priming is necessary in a centrifugal pump?
[AU, May / J une - 2007, April / May - 2010]
4.12) What is meant by priming of pumps? [AU, April / May - 2008]
4.13) What is priming? Why is it necessary? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
4.14) Define cavitation. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
4.15) Define cavitation in a pump. [AU, May / J une - 2007]
4.16) What is the effect of cavitation in pump? [AU, April / May - 2011]
4.17) What are the effects of cavitation? Give necessary precautions against
cavitations? [AU, May / J une - 2012]
4.18) What is cavitation? What causes it? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2013]
4.19) Define the characteristic curves of centrifugal pump.
4.20) List out the types of characteristic curves.
4.21) Define multistage centrifugal pump and give its function.
4.22) What are the advantages of centrifugal pump over reciprocating pumps?
[AU, May / J une - 2009]
4.23) What is a delivery pipe?
4.24) Define manometric efficiency and mechanical efficiency of a centrifugal pump.
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4.25) What is the maximum theoretical suction head possible for a centrifugal pump?
[AU, April / May - 2008]
4.26) Define suction head and manometric head of a centrifugal pump.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
4.27) Define - manometric head and write its mathematical equation.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2013]
4.28) What do you mean by Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)?
[AU, May / J une - 2014]
4.29) How does the specific speed of a centrifugal pump differ from that of a turbine?
4.30) Write the equation for specific speed for pumps and also for turbine.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2005]
4.31) Define specific speed as applied to pumps. [AU, May / J une - 2009]
4.32) Define specific speed. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
4.33) What is specific speed of a pump? How are pumps classified based on this
number? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
4.34) What is a type number?
4.35) Give examples of machines handling gases with high pressure rise.
4.36) What do you mean by manometric efficiency and mechanical efficiency of a
centrifugal pump? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
4.37) Define pump.
4.38) What is the principle of pump? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
4.39) Give the classification of pumps.
4.40) What is a positive displacement pump?
4.41) Define non - positive displacement pump (or) roto dynamic pump.
4.42) List the types of positive displacement pumps.
4.43) Under what conditions would you suggest use of double-suction pump and a
multistage pump? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
4.44) What are roto dynamic pumps? Give examples. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
4.45) List the types of roto dynamic pumps.
4.46) What is a reciprocating pump?
4.47) Why the reciprocating pump is called a positive displacement pump?
[AU, April / May - 2011]
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4.48) How are reciprocating pumps classified? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
4.49) Define a single acting reciprocating pump.
4.50) Define a double acting reciprocating pump.
4.51) Brief the working of double acting reciprocating pump.
[AU, April / May - 2011]
4.52) When will you select a reciprocating pump? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2005]
4.53) Draw the relationship between discharge and crank angle for a single acting
pump. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2013]
4.54) What is the function of non return valve in a reciprocating pump?
[AU, May / J une - 2012]
4.55) Distinguish between centrifugal pump and reciprocating pump.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2005, 2012]
4.56) Mention the significance of 'back leakage'. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2013]
4.57) Define slip of a reciprocating pump. What is negative slip? When does negative
slip occur?
4.58) Define slip of reciprocating pump. [AU, April / May - 2010, Nov / Dec - 2012]
4.59) When does negative slip occur? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
4.60) What is negative slip in a reciprocating pump? What are the causes for it?
[AU, May / J une - 2013]
4.61) Define slip of a pump. When does negative slip occur? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2003]
4.62) Define slip and percentage of slip of a reciprocating pump.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2008, 2010]
4.63) Define slip, negative slip in reciprocating pump. [AU, May / J une - 2014]
4.64) Define slip and percentage slip. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
4.65) What is the % of slip in reciprocating pump? [AU, May / J une 2012]
4.66) Discuss slip and volumetric efficiency. [AU, April / May - 2011]
4.67) Define slip in reciprocating machines. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
4.68) Distinguish between pumps in series and pumps in parallel.
[AU, April / May - 2005]
4.69) What is percentage slip in reciprocating pump? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]
4.70) Can actual discharge be greater than theoretical discharge in a reciprocating
pump? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
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4.71) Which factors determine the maximum speed of reciprocating pump?
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
4.72) What factors govern the speed of reciprocating pump?
[AU, May / J une - 2012]
4.73) Define co-efficient of discharge.
4.74) Brief on acceleration head. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
4.75) Define rotary pump.
4.76) What are rotary pumps? Give examples [AU, April / May - 2003]
4.77) What is a rotary pump? Give its classification. [AU, April / May - 2011]
4.78) Define gear pump.
4.79) What is an air vessel?
4.80) What is the function of air vessel?
[AU, Nov / Dec 2008, May / J une - 2009, April / May - 2010]
4.81) What is an air vessel in reciprocating pump? [AU, May / J une - 2006]
4.82) Mention the working principle of an Air-vessel. [AU, April / May - 2010]
4.83) What is an air vessel? List the objectives that would be fulfilled by the use of air
vessels. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
4.84) What is an air vessel? What are its uses? [AU, May / J une - 2012]
4.85) What are the uses of air vessels? [AU, May / J une - 2014]
4.86) What are the advantages of air vessel? [AU, May / J une - 2013]
4.87) State the advantages of fitting air vessels in reciprocating pumps.
[AU, May / J une - 2009]
4.88) Define indicator diagram. State its uses.
[AU, May / J une, Nov / Dec - 2007]
4.89) What is indicator diagram? [AU, May / J une - 2009]
4.90) Draw the ideal indicator diagram. [AU, April / May - 2010]
4.91) Write down the formula for discharge, work done and power required for a
double acting reciprocating pump.
4.92) What is the main difference between a single acting and double acting
reciprocating pump?
4.93) Give the types of rotary pumps.
4.94) What is the formula for work done by a reciprocating pump?
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4.95) Give the formula for discharge through a double acting reciprocating pump.
4.96) A single acting reciprocating pump, running at 50rpm. The diameter of piston =
20cm and length = 40cm. Find the theoretical discharge of the pump.
[AU, April / May - 2011]
4.97) A centrifugal pump delivers 20 litres/s of water against a head of 850 mm at 900
rpm. Find the specific speed of pump. [AU, April / May - 2010]
4.98) The following data refer to a centrifugal pump which is designed to run at 1500
rpm. D
1
= 100 mm, D
2
= 300 mm, B
1
= 50 mm, B
2
= 20 mm, V
f1
= 3 m/s. Find the
velocity of flow at outlet. [AU, April / May - 2010]
4.99) A pump is to discharge 0.82 m
3
/s at a head of 42 m when running at 300 rpm.
What type of pump will be required? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
PART - B
4.100) Draw typical velocity triangles for fluid motion along a series of moving curve
vanes and derive Eulers equation of energy transfer. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
4.101) Explain the construction and working of a centrifugal pump with a neat sketch.
4.102) Explain the operation of centrifugal pump with the help of a neat sketch. Write
short notes on different types of casing used in centrifugal pumps.
[AU, May / J une - 2007]
4.103) What is the role of volute chamber of a centrifugal pump? Define manometric
head. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
4.104) Sketch and briefly describe the volute diffusion type pumps. What function is
served by volute chamber in a centrifugal pump? [AU, May / J une - 2012]
4.105) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of centrifugal, submersible and jet
pumps. [AU, April / May - 2008]
4.106) What is priming in a centrifugal pump? Why is it necessary?
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2005]
4.107) Obtain the expression for work done by impeller of a centrifugal pump on
water per second per unit weight of water.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2008, May / J une - 2009]
4.108) Describe multi-stage pump with impeller in series and impellers in parallel.
[AU, May / J une - 2014]
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4.109) Define the manometric efficiency of a centrifugal pump?
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]
4.110) Define cavitation and discuss its causes, effects and prevention.
[AU, April / May - 2008]
4.111) Define cavitation. What are the effects of cavitation? Give the necessary
precaution against cavitation. [AU, May / J une 2009, 2014]
4.112) Define cavitation and explain the various effects of cavitation.
[AU, April / May - 2011]
4.113) Draw the velocity triangle for a centrifugal pump and obtain the expression for
the work done. [AU, April / May - 2011]
4.114) What is specific speed of pump?
[AU, April / May 2004, May / J une - 2009]
4.115) Define speed of a centrifugal pump. How does it differ from that of turbine?
[AU, May / J une 2007, 2012]
4.116) State the expression for the specific speed of a pump. What is its use?
[AU, Nov / Dec 2007, 2012]
4.117) What do you understand by characteristics curves of a centrifugal pump?
Explain them with neat sketches. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
4.118) Explain in detail about the performance curves for pumps and turbines.
[AU, April / May - 2011]
4.119) Determine the minimum speed for starting a centrifugal pump.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
4.120) Explain briefly the following efficiencies of a centrifugal pump (i) Manometric
efficiency (ii) Volumetric efficiency [AU, May / J une - 2014]
4.121) Discuss - characteristics of centrifugal pump at constant speed.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2013]
4.122) Explain the characteristics curves of a centrifugal pump.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
4.123) Define specific speed of a centrifugal pump. Derive expression for the same in
the terms of head H, discharge Q and speed N [AU, May / J une - 2007]
4.124) Enumerate the losses that occur during the operation of the centrifugal pump.
[AU, May / J une - 2009]
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4.125) Distinguish between roto dynamic pump and positive displacement pump with
simple sketch. [AU, April / May - 2005]
4.126) How rotary pumps are classified. Explain the working principles of any one
type of rotary pump with the aid of a neat sketch.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2008, May / J une 2012]
4.127) Discuss the working of rotary positive displacement pumps.
[AU, April / May - 2011]
4.128) Discuss in detail about rotary positive displacement pumps.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
4.129) With neat sketches, discuss about the rotary positive displacement pump.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2013]
4.130) With an example, explain in detail the working principle and construction of
rotary pumps with neat diagram. [AU, May / J une - 2012]
4.131) Classify pumps. Explain the working of double acting reciprocating pump with
a neat diagram. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009, April / May - 2010]
4.132) Describe the working and principles of a reciprocating pump.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2005, April / May - 2011]
4.133) What is a reciprocating pump? Describe the principle and working of a
reciprocating pump with a neat sketch.
4.134) Draw a neat sketch of reciprocating pumps. List the components and briefly
explain their functions. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2003]
4.135) Describe the principle and working of a reciprocating pump with a neat sketch.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
4.136) Explain the working principle of reciprocating pump with neat sketch.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
4.137) Explain the working principle of a reciprocating pump with neat diagram in
detail and state its advantages and disadvantages over centrifugal pump.
[AU, May / J une - 2012]
4.138) With a neat sketch explain the working of double acting reciprocating pump
with its performance characteristics. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
4.139) Derive an expression for acceleration head developed in a reciprocating pump.
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4.140) Explain the working principle of single and double acting reciprocating pumps
with neat diagram in detail. Also explain the effects of inertia pressure and friction
on the performance of the pump using indicator diagrams with and without air
vessel. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
4.141) Sketch and describe the working principle of double acting reciprocating pump
with indicator diagram. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
4.142) Differentiate between single acting and double acting pump.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
4.143) Discuss on the following: Working of double acting pump, indicator diagram,
acceleration head, friction head. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2013]
4.144) Define indicator diagram. Prove that the area of the indicator diagram is
proportional to the work done by the reciprocating pump. [AU, May / J une - 2014]
4.145) Prove that work done by the pump is proportional to the area of the indicator
diagram. [AU, May / J une - 2009]
4.146) Show that the work done by a reciprocating pump is equal to the area of the
indicator diagram. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009, April / May - 2010]
4.147) Write briefly on the following.
Rotary pumps and their classifications.
Indicator diagram for reciprocating pump. [AU, April / May - 2011]
4.148) Define slip, percentage slip and negative slip of a reciprocating pump.
[AU, May / J une - 2009]
4.149) Define: slope, % of slip and negative slop with respect to reciprocating pump.
[AU, May / J une - 2009]
4.150) Define % of slip and indicator diagram, with respect to reciprocating pump.
[AU, May / J une - 2007]
4.151) What is % of slip in reciprocating pump? [AU, April / May - 2010]
4.152) What is an air vessel? Describe the function of the air vessel for reciprocating
pumps.
4.153) What is an air vessel? What are the uses/advantages of fitting air vessel in a
reciprocating pump? [AU, May / J une - 2007]
4.154) What is air vessel and write the expression for work done by reciprocating
pump fitted with air vessel. [AU, April / May - 2005]
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4.155) What is an air vessel? Derive the expression for the percentage work saved by
using an air vessel. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
4.156) What is an air vessel? What are the advantages of fitting air vessel in a
reciprocating pump? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
4.157) Calculate the work saved by fitting an air vessel for a double acting single
cylinder reciprocating pump. [AU, April / May 2008, May / J une - 2013]
4.158) Describe the function of the air vessel.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2008, May / J une 2012]
4.159) What are the functions of air vessel in a positive displacement pump?
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
4.160) Determine the % of work saved in one cycle when air vessel is provided on the
delivery side of a single cylinder single acting reciprocating pump.
[AU, May / J une - 2012]
4.161) Explain the working principle of Gear pump with neat sketch.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
4.162) With a neat sketch, explain the working of a gear pump.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
4.163) Explain the construction and working of the following rotary pumps with neat
sketches. (a) Gear pump (b) Vane pump
[AU, Nov / Dec 2007, May / J une - 2014]
4.164) Explain in detail the working principle and construction of rotary pumps with
neat sketch. [AU, May / J une - 2013]
4.165) Explain the working of the following pumps with the help of neat sketches and
mention two applications of each.
(i) External gear pump (ii) Lobe pump (iii) Vane pump (iv) Screw pump.
[AU, April / May - 2010]
4.166) Explain in detail the working of a gear pump with a neat sketch.
[AU, April / May, Nov / Dec - 2011]
4.167) Explain the working of vane pump with neat diagram.
[AU, May / J une - 2012]
4.168) Discuss briefly the working principle of vane pump with a schematic diagram.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
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4.169) Explain the working principle of screw pump and gear pump with neat diagram
in detail. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
4.170) Draw and explain the indicator diagram for a reciprocating pump including the
effect of friction and acceleration.
4.171) Derive an expression for the percentage work saved by using an air vessel with
(i) single acting and (ii) double acting reciprocating pump.
PROBLEMS
4.172) A centrifugal pump is provided at a height of 5m above the sump water level
and the outlet of the delivery pipe is 10m above the sump. The vane angle at outlet
is 50
and 30
and 45
with the
periphery. The impeller diameter is 300 mm and outlet width 50 mm. Determine
the discharge of the pump if the manometric efficiency is 95%.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
4.191) A centrifugal pump with 1.2m diameter runs at 200rpm and discharge 1880
litres/s, against an average lift of 6m. The angle which the vanes make at exit with
the tangent to the impeller is 26 and the radial velocity of the flow is 2.5m/s. Find
the manometric efficiency and at least speed to start the pump against the head of
6m. Assume the inner diameter of the impeller as 0.6m. [AU, May / J une - 2009]
4.192) A single stage centrifugal pump with impeller diameter of 30cm rotates at
2000rpm and lifts 3m
3
of water per second to a height of 30m with an efficiency of
75%. Find the number of stages and diameter of each impeller of a similar
multistage pump to lift 5m
3
of water per second to a height of 300m when rotating
at 1500rpm. [AU, May / J une - 2009]
4.193) A centrifugal pump having an outer diameter equal to two times the inner
diameter and running at 1000 rpm. Works against a total head of 40m. The
velocity of flow through the impeller is constant and equal to 2.5m/sec. The vanes
are set back at an angle of 40
at outlet. If the outer diameter of the impeller is
500mm and width at outlet is 50mm, determine the
i) Vane angle at inlet
ii) Manometric efficiency
iii) Work done by impeller on water per second.
4.194) The outer diameter of an impeller of a centrifugal pump is 400mm and outlet
width is 50mm. The pump is running at 800rpm and working against a total head
of 15m. The vanes angle at outlet is 40 and the manometric efficiency is 75%.
Determine the velocity of flow at inlet, velocity of water leaving the vane, angle
made by the absolute velocity at outlet with direction of motion at outlet, and the
discharge. [AU, Nov / Dec 2007, 2012]
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4.195) The centrifugal pump has the following characteristic. Outer diameter of
impeller = 800mm; width of the impeller vane at outlet = 100mm; angle of the
impeller vanes at outlet = 40. The impeller runs at 550 rpm and delivers 0.98 m
3
/s
under an effective head of 35m. A 500 kW motor is used to drive the pump.
Determine the manometric, mechanical and overall efficiencies of the pump.
Assume waters enter impeller vanes radially at inlet.
[AU, April / May 2003, 2010]
4.196) A centrifugal pump delivers water against a net head of 14.5m and design
speed of 1000rpm. The vanes are curved back angle of 30 with the periphery. The
impeller diameter is 300mm and the outlet width 50mm. Determine the discharge
of the pump if manometric efficiency is 95%. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
4.197) A centrifugal pump, in which water enters radially, delivers water to a head of
165m. The impeller has a diameter of 360mm and width 180mm at inlet and the
corresponding dimensions at the outlet are 720mm and 90mm respectively. Its
rotational speed is 1200 rpm. The blades are curved backward at 30 to the tangent
at exit and discharge is 0.389 m
3
/s. Determine [AU, May / J une - 2007]
Theoretical head developed
Manometric efficiency
Pressure rise across the impeller assuming losses equal to 12% of velocity
head at exit.
Pressure rise and the loss of head in the volute casing
The vane angle at inlet and
Power required to drive the pump assuming an overall efficiency of 70%.
What would be the corresponding mechanical efficiency?
4.198) Compute the overall efficiency of a centrifugal pump from the following test
data. Suction gauge reading = 27.5kPa(vac) and delivery gauge reading =
152(gauge) height of the delivery gauge over suction gauge is 0.4m, discharge is
2100mm. Diameter of the suction pipe is 15cm and diameter of delivery pipe is
10cm. the motor power = 12MHP and fluid water. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
4.199) A centrifugal pump id to discharge 0.118m
3
/s at a speed of 1450rpm against a
head of 25m. The impeller diameter is 25cm, its width at outlet is 5cm and
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manometric efficiency is 75%. Determine the vane angle at the outer periphery of
the impeller and draw its velocity triangle. [AU, April / May - 2011]
4.200) A centrifugal pump delivers 400 litres/s of water to a height of 20m through a
pipe diameter 15cm and length 100m. The pump has an overall efficiency of 70%
and the friction coefficient is 0.15. Determine the power required to drive the
pump. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
4.201) A radial flow impeller has a diameter 25 cm and width 7.5 cm at exit. It
delivers 120 lps of water against a head of 24 m at 1440 rpm. Assuming that the
vanes block the flow area by5 percent and the hydraulic efficiency as 0.8, estimate
the vane angle at exit. Also calculate the torque exerted on the driving shaft if the
mechanical efficiency is 95 percent.
4.202) A single acting reciprocating pump, running at 50rpm, delivers 0.01m
3
/sec of
water. The diameter of the piston is 200mm and stroke length 400mm. Determine
the
theoretical discharge of the pump
co-efficient of discharge
slip and the percentage slip of the pump
[AU, Nov / Dec 2007, 2008, May / J une 2012]
4.203) For a single acting reciprocating pump, piston diameter is 150 mm, stroke
length is 300 mm, and rotational speed is 50 r.p.m. The pump is required to lift
water to a height of 18 m. Determine the theoretical discharge. If the actual
discharge is 4.0 lit/sec, and the mechanical efficiency is 80% determine the
volumetric efficiency, slip, theoretical power and the actual power required.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
4.204) A single acting reciprocating pump has a plunger diameter of 250mm and
stroke of 150mm. It is driven at 60rpm and undergoes SHM. The length and
diameter of the delivery pipe are 60m and 100mm respectively. Determine the
power saved in overcoming the friction in the delivery pipe, due to fitting of an air
vessel on the delivery side of the pump. Assume the friction factor f = 0.01 the
pipe friction formula h
f
=(flv
2
/2gd ) [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
4.205) A single acting reciprocating pump is to raise a liquid of density 1200kg/m
3
through a vertical height of 11.5m, from 2.5m below pump axis to 9m above it.
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The plunger which moves in SHM, has diameter 125mm and stroke 225mm. The
suction and delivery side pipes are 75mm diameter and 3.5 and 1.5m long,
respectively. There is a large air vessel fitted on the delivery pipe near to the pump
axis. But there is no air vessel on the suction pipe. If separation takes place at
8.829 N/cm
2
below atmospheric pressure, find the maximum speed at which the
pump can run without separation taking place and the power required to drive the
pump. Assume there is no slip in the pump and f = 0.08 the pipe friction formula
h
f
=(flv
2
/2gd) [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
4.206) A single acting reciprocating pump has a plunger of diameter 30 cm and stroke
of 20 cm. If the speed of the pumps is 30 rpm and it delivers to6.5 lit/s of water,
find the coefficient of discharge and the percentage slip of the pump.
[AU, April / May - 2011]
4.207) The piston area of a single acting reciprocating pump 0.15 m
2
and stroke is 30
cm. The water is lifted through a total head of 15 m. The area of delivery pipe is
0.03 m
2
. If the pump is running at 50rpm, find the percentage slip, coefficient of
discharge and the power required to derive the pump. The actual discharge is 350
litres per second. Take mechanical efficiency is 0.85. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
4.208) A single acting reciprocating pump has a diameter (piston) of 150mm and
stroke length 350 mm. The center of the pump is 3.5 m above the water surface in
the sump and 22 m below the delivery water level. Both the suction and delivery
pipes have the same diameter of 100 mm and are 5 m and 30 m long respectively.
If the pump is working at 30 rpm determine the pressure heads on the piston at the
beginning, middle and end of both suction and delivery strokes.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
4.209) Calculate the rate of flow in and out of the air vessel on the delivery side in a
single acting reciprocating pump of 220 mm bore and 330 mm stroke running at 50
rpm. Also find the angle of crank rotation at which there is no flow into or out of
the air vessel. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
4.210) In a single acting reciprocating pump the bore and stroke are 100 and 150 mm.
respectively. The static head requirements are 4 m suction and 18 m delivery. If
the pressure at the end of delivery is atmospheric calculate the operating speed.
The diameter of the delivery pipe is 75 mm and the length of the delivery pipe is
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24 m. Determine the acceleration head at = 33 from the start of delivery.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
4.211) A double - acting reciprocating pump, running at 40rpm is discharging 1m
3
of
water per minute. The pump has a stroke of 400mm. The diameter of the piston is
200mm. The delivery and suction heads are 20m and 5m respectively. Find the slip
of the pump and the power required to drive the pump.
4.212) The cylinder bore diameter of a single acting reciprocating pump is150mm and
its stroke length is 300mm. The pump runs at 50 rpm and lifts water through a
height of 25m. The delivery pipe is 22m long and 100mm in diameter. Find the
theoretical discharge and the theoretical power required to run the pump. If the
actual discharge is 4.2 litres/s. Find the percentage of slip.
[AU, April / May - 2004, Nov / Dec - 2005, 2012]
4.213) The diameter and stroke of a single acting reciprocating pump are 120 mm and
300 mm respectively. The water is lifted by a pump through a total head of 25 m.
The diameter and length of delivery pipe are 100 mm and 20 m. respectively. find
out:
(i) Theoretical discharge and theoretical power required to run the pump
if its speed is60 rpm.
(ii) Percentage slip, if the actual discharge is 2.95 1/s and
(iii) The acceleration head at the beginning and middle of the delivery stroke.
[AU, April / May - 2010]
4.214) The length and diameter of a suction pipe of a single acting reciprocating pump
are 5 m and 10 cm respectively. The pump has a plunger of diameter 150 mm and
a stroke length of 300 mm. The center of the pump is 4 m above the water surface
in the sump. The atmospheric pressure head is 10.3m of water and the pump runs
at 40 rpm. Determine the
i) Pressure head due to acceleration at the beginning of the suction stroke.
ii) Maximum pressure head due to acceleration.
iii) Pressure head in the cylinder at the beginning and at the end of the stroke.
4.215) Consider a double acting reciprocating pump running at 40rpm. The pump
delivers 1m
3
/min of water. The piston diameter is 20cm and the stroke length is
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40cm. The delivery and the suctions heads are 20m and 5m respectively. Calculate
the % slip and the power required to drive the pump. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
4.216) The diameter and the stroke of a single acting reciprocating pump are 200mm
and 400mm respectively, the pump runs at 60 rpm and lifts 12 litres of water per
second through a height of 25m. The delivery pipe is 20m long and 150mm in
diameter. Find (i) theoretical power required to run the pump (ii) % of slip and (iii)
acceleration head at the beginning and middle of the delivery stroke.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2003]
4.217) The diameter and stroke length of a single acting reciprocating pump are 75
mm and 150 mm respectively. Supply of water to the pump is from a sump 3 m
below the pump through a pipe of 5 m long and 40 mm in diameter. The pump
delivers water to a tank located at 12 m above the pump through a pipe 30 mm in
diameter and 15 m long. Assuming that a separation of flow occurs at 75 kN/m
2
(below the atmospheric pressure), find the maximum speed at which the pump
may be operated without any separation. [AU, May / J une - 2007]
4.218) The cylinder of a single- acting reciprocating pump is 15 cm in diameter and
30 cm in stroke. The pump is running at 30 r.p.m. and discharge water to a height
of 12 m. The diameter and length of the delivery pipe are 10 cm and 30 m
respectively. If a large air vessel is fitted in the delivery pipe at a distance of 2 m
from the centre of the pump, find the pressure head in the cylinder.
(i) At the beginning of the delivery stroke, and
(ii) In the middle of the delivery stroke. Take f = 0.01.
[AU, May / J une - 2013]
4.219) A double acting pump with 35 cm bore and 40 cm stroke runs at 60 strokes per
minute. The suction pipe is 10m long and delivery pipe is 200m long. The
diameter of the delivery pipe is 15 cm. The pump is situated at a height of 2.5 m
above the sump; the outlet of the delivery pipe is 70 m above the pump. Calculate
the diameter of the suction pipe for the condition that separation is avoided.
Assume separation to occur at an absolute pressure head is 2.5m of water. Find the
Horsepower required to drive the pump neglecting all losses other than friction in
the pipes assuming friction factor f as 0.02. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
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4.220) A double acting reciprocating pump is running at 30rpm. Its bore and stroke
are 250mm and 400mm respectively. The pump lift water from sump 3.8m below
and delivers it to a tank located at 65m above the axis of the pump. The lengths of
suction and delivery pipes are 6m and 150m respectively. The diameter of the
delivery pipe is 100mm. if an air vessel of adequate capacity has been fitted on the
delivery side of the pump, determine
The minimum diameter of the suction pipe to prevent separation of flow,
assuming the minimum head to prevent occurrence of separation is 2.5m
4.221) The maximum gross head against which the pump has to work and the
corresponding power of motor. Assume the mechanical efficiency = 78% and slip
= 1.5%; Hatm = 10m; F=0.012. [AU, May / J une - 2007]
4.222) The plunger diameter and the stroke length of a single acting reciprocating
pump are 300mm and 500mm respectively. The speed of the pumps is 60rpm. The
diameter and length of the delivery pipe are 150mm and 60m respectively. If the
pump is equipped with an air vessel at delivery side at the center line of the pump,
find the power saved in overcoming friction in delivery pipe. Assume Darcys
friction factor as 0.04, and plunger undergoes a simple harmonic motion.
[AU, May / J une - 2009]
4.223) The plunger diameter and the stroke length of a single acting reciprocating
pump are 300mm and 500mm respectively. The speed of the pumps is 50rpm. The
diameter and length of the delivery pipe are 150mm and 55m respectively. If the
pump is equipped with an air vessel at delivery side at the center line of the pump,
find the power saved in overcoming friction in delivery pipe. Assume Darcys
friction factor as 0.01. [AU, May / J une - 2014]
4.224) The diameter and length of a single acting reciprocating pump are 100mm and
200mm respectively. The pump is used to deliver water to the tank 14m above the
pump through a pipe of 30mm in diameter and 18m long by taking its supply from
the sump am below the pump, through a pipe 40mm in diameter and 6m long. If
separation occurs at 78.48kN/m2, below the atmospheric pressure find the
maximum speed at which the pump can be operated without separation. Assume 1
atm pressure = 10.3m of water column and the plunger undergoes simple harmonic
motion. [AU, May / J une - 2009]
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4.225) Determine the maximum operating speed in rpm and the maximum capacity in
lps of a single acting reciprocating pump with the following details. Plunger
diameter = 25cm, stroke = 50cm, suction pipe diameter = 15cm, length = 9cm,
delivery pipe diameter = 10cm, length = 36cm, static suction head = 3m, static
delivery head = 20m, atmospheric pressure = 76cm of mercury, vapour pressure of
water = 25kPa. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
4.226) A reciprocating pump handling water with a bore of 110mm and stroke of
205mm runs at 38rpm. The delivery pipe is of 90mm diameter and 30m long. An
air vessel of sufficient volume is added at a distance of 2.5m from the pump.
Determine the acceleration head with and without air vessel.
[AU, April / May - 2011]
4.227) A single cylinder double acting reciprocating pump has a piston diameter of
300mm and stroke length of 400mm. When the pump runs at 45rpm, it discharges
0.039m
3
/s under a total head of 15m. What will be the volumetric efficiency, work
done per second and power required if the mechanical efficiency of the pump is
75%. [AU, May / J une - 2012]
4.228) The indicator diagram of a single acting reciprocating pump gives effective
delivery head of 5m and 23m with crank at inner and outer dead center
respectively. What is the static delivery head of reciprocating pump?
[AU, April / May - 2005]
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UNIT V TURBINES
PART - A
5.1) Define turbo machines.
5.2) Define turbine.
5.3) Classify fluid machines. [AU, April / May - 2010]
5.4) Give the classification of turbines.
5.5) How are hydraulic turbines classified
[AU, May / J une - 2009, 2014, Nov / Dec - 2009 April / May - 2011]
5.6) What are high head turbines? Give example. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
5.7) State the principles on which turbo-machines are based. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
5.8) Explain specific speed. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2005]
5.9) Define specific speed. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
5.10) Define specific speed of a turbine. [AU, Nov / Dec 2003,
2008, 2009, May / J une2007, 2009, April / May 2010, 2011]
5.11) Define specific speed of a turbine. What is its usefulness?
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
5.12) How is specific speed of a turbine defined? [AU, May / J une - 2006]
5.13) What is meant by specific speed of a turbine? [AU, April / May - 2010]
5.14) Write the equation for specific speed for pumps and also for turbine.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
5.15) What is hydraulic turbine? [AU, May / J une - 2006]
5.16) Classify turbines according to flow. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2005]
5.17) Define impulse turbine and give examples.
5.18) Explain the working of impulse turbine. [AU, April / May - 2011]
5.19) Define reaction turbine and give examples.
5.20) What is reaction turbine? Give examples [AU, April / May - 2003]
5.21) Differentiate between reaction turbine and impulse turbine.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2003, April / May - 2008, May / J une - 2012]
5.22) What is a breaking jet in Pelton wheel/turbine?
[AU, May / J une - 2007, Nov / Dec 2007, 2012]
5.23) Draw velocity triangle diagram for Pelton wheel turbine.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
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5.24) Define tangential flow turbine.
5.25) Define radial flow - turbine.
5.26) Define axial flow turbine.
5.27) Define mixed flow turbine.
5.28) Define the flow ratio of reaction radial flow turbine. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
5.29) Draw a sketch of a Francis turbine and name its components.
[AU, April / May - 2005]
5.30) List the main parts of Kaplan turbine. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
5.31) What is draft tube? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
5.32) What is a draft tube? Explain why it is necessary in reaction turbine.
5.33) What is draft tube? In which type of turbine is mostly used?
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2003]
5.34) Write the function of draft tube in turbine outlet?
[AU, April / May - 2005, 2008, Nov / Dec - 2011]
5.35) What is the function of draft tube?
[AU, May / J une 2007, Nov / Dec - 2009]
5.36) What are the different types of draft tubes? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
5.37) Why does a Pelton wheel not possess any draft tube? [AU, May / J une - 2012]
5.38) Mention the importance of Euler turbine equation. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
5.39) What are the different efficiencies of turbine to determine the characteristics of
turbine? [AU, May / J une 2012]
5.40) Define hydraulic efficiency of turbine
5.41) Define hydraulic efficiency and jet ratio of a Pelton wheel.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
5.42) Define hydraulic efficiency and axial thrust of a roto-dynamic hydraulic
machine. [AU, May / J une - 2013]
5.43) What is meant by hydraulic efficiency of turbine?
[AU, Nov / Dec 2012, 2013]
5.44) Define hydraulic efficiency and overall efficiency of a turbine.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
5.45) What are the different efficiencies of turbine to determine the characteristics of
turbine? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]
R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ / R2013/ CE6451 / III / MECH / JUNE 2014 NOV 2014
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5.46) Define overall efficiency and plant efficiency of turbines.
[AU, May / J une 2007, 2012]
5.47) Draw the characteristics curves of a turbine with head variation.
[AU, April / May - 2005]
5.48) What is the difference between a turbine and a pump?
[AU, Nov / Dec 2010, May / J une - 2012]
5.49) Differentiate between pumps and turbines.
[AU, May / J une, Nov / Dec 2007, 2008]
5.50) A shaft transmits 150 Kw at 600 rpm. What is the torque in Newton meters?
[AU, April / May - 2011]
5.51) The mean velocity of the buckets of the Pelton wheel is 10 m/s. The jet supplies
water at 0.7 m
3
/s at a head of 30 m. The jet is deflected through an angle of 160
by the bucket. Find the hydraulic efficiency. Take C
V
= 0.98.
[AU, April / May - 2010]
5.52) A water turbine has a velocity of 8.5m/s at the entrance of draft tube and
velocity of 2.2m/s at exit. The frictional loss is 0.15m and the tail race water is 4m
below the entrance of draft tube. Calculate the pressure head at entrance.
[AU, April / May - 2011]
PART B
5.53) Derive the general equation of turbo machines and draw the inlet and outlet
triangles. [AU, April / May - 2011]
5.54) How will you classify the turbines? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
5.55) Describe briefly the function of the various main components of a Pelton wheel
turbine with neat sketches.
5.56) Describe briefly the functions of various components of Pelton turbine with neat
sketches. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
5.57) Explain the component parts and working of a Pelton wheel turbine.
[AU, April / May - 2010]
5.58) Define and derive an expression for specific speed of a turbine.
5.59) Explain the terms unit power, unit speed and unit discharge with reference to a
turbine.
5.60) Explain the hydraulic efficiency of a turbine. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ / R2013/ CE6451 / III / MECH / JUNE 2014 NOV 2014
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5.61) Sketch the velocity triangles at inlet and outlet of a Pelton wheel.
5.62) What is breaking jet in Pelton wheel turbine?
[AU, April / May 2004, Nov / Dec - 2005, May / J une 2012]
5.63) Differentiate Pelton wheel turbine with Francis turbine.
[AU, April / May - 2005]
5.64) Distinguish between reaction turbine and impulse turbine.
[AU, May / J une - 2013]
5.65) Give the comparison between impulse and reaction turbine.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2005]
5.66) With the help of neat diagram explain the construction and working of a Pelton
wheel turbine. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2005]
5.67) With a neat sketch, explain the working of a Pelton wheel.
[AU, April / May - 2008]
5.68) With a neat sketch, explain the working of a Pelton wheel. Also obtain the
expression of the work done. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
5.69) Obtain an expression for power developed in a reaction turbine.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
5.70) What is the condition for hydraulic efficiency of a Pelton wheel to be
maximum? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2005]
5.71) Explain the construction and working of the following turbines with neat
sketches.
(i) Pelton wheel turbine (ii) Francis turbine (iii) Kaplan turbine
5.72) Compare radial flow and axial flow turbo machines.
5.73) Draw the inlet and outlet velocity triangles for an inward flow reaction turbine
indicating the various components. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
5.74) Derive an expression for the maximum hydraulic efficiency of an impulse
turbine.
5.75) Obtain an expression for the work done per second by water on the runner of a
Pelton wheel. Hence derive an expression for maximum efficiency of the Pelton
wheel giving the relationship between the jet speed and bucket speed.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ / R2013/ CE6451 / III / MECH / JUNE 2014 NOV 2014
CE6451 FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.R (AP / Mech) 81
5.76) Obtain the expression for the work done per second by water on the runner of a
Pelton wheel and draw inlet and outlet velocity triangles for a Pelton turbine and
indicates the direction of various velocities. [AU, May / J une - 2009]
5.77) Derive the velocity triangle for Pelton wheel and obtain the expression for the
work done. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010, April / May - 2011]
5.78) Sketch the velocity triangles at inlet and outlet of Pelton wheel.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]
5.79) Derive the expression for efficiency and work done for a Pelton wheel and draw
the velocity triangles. [AU, May / J une - 2012]
5.80) Explain how the net head on the reaction turbine is increased with the use of
draft tube. [AU, April / May - 2008]
5.81) Derive Eulers equation of motion for turbines and obtain the components of
energy transfer with a construction of velocity triangles. [AU, May / J une - 2012]
5.82) An inward flow reaction turbine has inlet and outlet vane angles and are
both equal to 90. If H = head of the machine, = guide vane angle and C = ratio
of velocity of flow at outlet and inlet, show that the peripheral velocity and
hydraulic efficiency are given by [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
5.83) Show that the hydraulic efficiency for a Francis turbine having velocity flow
through runner as constant given by relation. [AU, April / May - 2011]
5.84) An inward flow reaction turbine discharges radially and the velocity of flow is
constant, show that the hydraulic efficiency can be expressed by
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Where and are the guide and vane angles at inlet. [AU, May / J une - 2012]
5.85) Write a short note on Governing of Turbines. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
5.86) Classify hydraulic machines and give one example for each.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
5.87) Explain the working principle of Kaplan turbine and derive the working
proportion of its design. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
5.88) Draw a neat sketch of Kaplan turbine, name the parts and briefly explain the
working. [AU, May / J une - 2007]
5.89) Draw a schematic diagram of a Kaplan turbine and explain its construction and
Working. [AU, May / J une - 2014]
5.90) Explain with help of a diagram, the essential features of Kaplan turbine.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
5.91) Draw a schematic diagram of a Kaplan turbine and explain briefly its
construction and working. Obtain an expression for work done by the runner.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
5.92) What is function draft tube in Francis turbine?
[AU, April / May 2003, 2010]
5.93) Derive an expression for the efficiency of draft tube. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]
5.94) Derive an expression for specific speed. What is the significance of specific
speed of turbine? [AU, May / J une - 2009]
5.95) How is a specific speed of the turbine, defined? [AU, May / J une - 2009]
5.96) Write a note on performance curves of turbine. [AU, April / May - 2010]
5.97) Show that the overall efficiency of a hydraulic turbine is the product of
volumetric, hydraulic and mechanical efficiencies. [AU, May / J une - 2007]
5.98) Define: Hydraulic efficiency and overall efficiency with respect to turbines.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
5.99) Explain the different types of the efficiency of a turbine.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
5.100) Explain the load efficiency characteristics of hydraulic turbines with a diagram.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2013]
5.101) Discuss the performance characteristics of reaction turbine in detail.
[AU, April / May - 2011]
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5.102) Discuss briefly the characteristics curves of hydraulic turbines.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
PROBLEMS
5.103) A turbine develops 9000kW when running at speed of 140rpm and under a
head of 30m. Determine the specific speed of the turbine. Derive the expression
used in above problem. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
5.104) A Pelton wheel is to be designed for the following specifications :
a. Shaft power =11,772 KW ; head = 380 metres; speed = 750 rpm,
b. Overall efficiency=86%. Jet diameter is not to exceed one-sixth of the wheel
diameter. Determine the
i) Wheel diameter ii) Number of jets required
iii) Diameter of the jet. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
5.105) A Pelton wheel is to be designed for a head of 60m when running at 200 rpm.
The Pelton wheel develops 95.6475 kW shaft power. The velocity of the buckets is
equal to 0.45 times the velocity of the jet. Overall efficiency = 0.85 and co-efficient
of velocity is equal to 0.98.
5.106) A Pelton wheel has to be designed for the following data. Power to be
developed = 6000kW; Net head available = 300m; Speed = 550rpm; Ratio of jet
diameter to wheel diameter = 1/10 and overall efficiency = 85%. Find the no of
jets, diameter of jet, diameter of wheel and quantity of water required.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]
5.107) A Pelton wheel is to be designed for the following specifications:
Shaft power = 11,772 kW
Head (H) = 380m
Speed = 750rpm
Overall efficiency (
0
) = 86%
Jet diameter > 1/6 wheel diameter.
Determine: The wheel diameter, the number of jets required and diameter of
the jet. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
5.108) A single jet Pelton wheel runs at 300 rpm under a head of 510 m. The jet
diameter is 200 m and its deflection inside the bucket is 165
to the wheel
tangent to the outer rim and leaves at 3 m/s. The flow velocity is constant through
the runner. The inner and outer diameters are 300 mm and 600 mm respectively.
The speed of the runner is 300 rpm. The discharge through the runner is radial.
Find the
(i)Inlet and outlet blade angles.
(ii) Taking inlet width as 150 mm and neglecting the thickness of the blades,
find the power developed by the turbine. [AU, April / May - 2010]
5.130) The velocity of the whirl at the inlet to the runner of an inward flow reaction
turbine is 3.15H m/s and the velocity of flow at inlet is 1.05H m/s. The velocity
of whirl at exist is 0.22H m/s in the same direction as at inlet and the flow at exist
is 0.83H m/s, where H is head of water 30m. The inner diameter of the runner is
0.6 times the outer diameter. Assuming hydraulic efficiency of 80%. Compute
angles of the runner vanes at inlet and exist. [AU, April / May 2003, 2010]
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5.131) Design a Francis Turbine runner with the following data: Net head = 70m
speed N = 800 rpm. Output power 400 Kw Hydraulic efficiency = 95% Overall
efficiency = 85% Flow ratio = 0.2 Breadth ratio = 0.1 Inner diameter is 1/3 outer
diameter. Assume 6% circumferential area of the runner to be occupied by the
thickness of the vanes. The flow is radial at exit and remains constant throughout.
[AU Nov / Dec - 2008]
5.132) The following data is given for a Francis Turbine Net head = 60m speed N =
700 rpm. Shaft power 294.3 Kw Hydraulic efficiency = 93% Overall efficiency =
84% Flow ratio = 0.2 Breadth ratio = 0.1 Inner diameter is 1/2 outer diameter.
Assume 5% circumferential area of the runner to be occupied by the thickness of
the vanes. Velocity of flow is constant at inlet and outlet and discharge is radial
outlet. Determine [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
Guide blade angle
Runner vane angle at inlet and outlet
Diameter of the runner at inlet and outlet
Width of the wheel at inlet
5.133) The inner and outer diameters of an inward flow reaction turbine are 50 cm
and 100 cm respectively. The vanes are radial at inlet and discharge is also radial.
The inlet guide vanes angle is 10
and 60
and 60