Fea Question With Class Notes and Formula Book
Fea Question With Class Notes and Formula Book
Fea Question With Class Notes and Formula Book
Boundary conditions are, x = 1 u = 2
x = 2
Find the value of the parameter a, by the following methods.
(i) Collocation (ii) Sub Domain (iii) Least Square
(iv) Galerkin
1.89) The following differential equation is available for a physical phenomenon.
Trial function is
( )
Boundary conditions are, y (0) = 0 y (10) = 0
Find the value of the parameter a, by the following methods.
(i) Collocation (ii) Sub Domain (iii) Least Square
(iv) Galerkin
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1.90) Discuss the following methods to solve the given differential equation :
()
with the boundary condition y(0) = 0 and y(H) = 0
(i) Variant method (ii) Collocation method. [AU, April / May 2010]
1.91) A cantilever beam of length L is loaded with a point load at the free end. Find the
maximum deflection and maximum bending moment using Rayleigh-Ritz method
using the function (
) Given: EI is constant.
[AU, April / May 2008]
1.92) A simply supported beam carries uniformly distributed load over the entire span.
Calculate the bending moment and deflection. Assume EI is constant and compare
the results with other solution. [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
1.93) Determine the expression for deflection and bending moment in a simply supported
beam subjected to uniformly distributed load over entire span. Find the deflection
and moment at midspan and compare with exact solution using Rayleigh-Ritz
method. Use
The beam is uniform throughout and carries a central point load P.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2007, April / May 2009]
1.95) If a displacement field is described by
(
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FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.R (AP / Mech) 8
(
Determine the direct strains in x and y directions as well the shear strain at the point
x = 1, y =0. [AU, April / May 2011]
1.96) In a solid body, the six components of the stress at a point are given by o
x
= 40
MPa, o
y
= 20 MPa, o
z
= 30 MPa, t
yz
= -30 MPa, t
xz
= 15 MPa and t
xy
= 10 MPa.
Determine the normal stress at the point, on a plane for which the normal is (n
x
, n
y
,
n
z
) = ( , ,
2
1
)
1.97) In a plane strain problem, we have
o
x
= 20,000 psi o
y
= - 10,000 psi E = 30 x 10
6
psi, u = 0.3.
Determine the value of the stress o
z
.
1.98) For the spring system shown in figure, calculate the global stiffness matrix,
displacements of nodes 2 and 3, the reaction forces at node 1 and 4. Also calculate
the forces in the spring 2. Assume, k
1
= k
3
= 100 N/m, k
2
= 200 N/m, u
1
= u
4
= 0 and
P=500 N. [AU, April / May 2010]
1.99) Use the Rayleigh Ritz method to find the displacement of the midpoint of the rod
shown in figure. [AU, April / May 2011]
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1.100) Consider the differential equation
subject
to boundary conditions () () The functional corresponding to this
problem, to be extremized is given by (
1.101) Find the solution of the problem using Rayleigh-Ritz method by considering a two-
term solution as ()
( )
to find the displacement u(x) and stress (x). Plot the variation of the
stress in the rod. [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
1.111) A uniform rod subjected to a uniform axial load is illustrated in Figure. The
deformation of the bar is governed by the differential equation given below.
Determine the displacement using weighted residual method.
[AU, April / May 2011]
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FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.R (AP / Mech) 12
1.112) A steel rod is attached to rigid walls at each end and is subjected to a distributed
load T(x) as shown below.
a) Write the expression for potential energy.
b) Determine the displacement u(x) using the Rayleigh Ritz method.
Assume a displacement field u(x) = a
0
+ a
1
x + a
2
x
2
.
1.113) Derive the stress strain relation and strain displacement relation for an element
in space.
1.114) Derive the equation of equilibrium in case of a three dimensional stress system.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2008]
1.115) What is constitutive relationship? Express the constitutive relations for a linear
elastic isotropic material including initial stress and strain. [AU, Nov / Dec 2009]
1.116) Give a detailed note on the following:
(a) Rayleigh Ritz method (b) Galerkin method
(c) Least square method and (d) Collocation method
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FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.R (AP / Mech) 13
1.117) Find the approximate deflection of a simply supported beam under a uniformly
distributed load P throughout its span. Using Galerkin and Least square residual
method. [AU, May / June 2011]
1.118) Solve the differential equation for a physical problem expressed as
with boundary conditions as y (0) = 0 and y (10) = 0 using
(i) Point collocation method
(ii) Sub domain collocation method
(iii) Least squares method and
(iv) Galerkin method. [AU, May / June 2013]
1.119) Solve the differential equation for a physical problem expressed as
with boundary conditions as y (0) = 0 and y (10) = 0 using the
trail function
)
(b) Galerkin method.
Then, compare the two solutions with the exact solution
y (0) = 1
1.121) Determine the Galerkin approximation solution of the differential equation
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FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.R (AP / Mech) 14
() ()
1.122) Solve the following differential equation using Galerkins method.
()
()
()
() with,
() ( )
\
|
c
c
+
c
c
y
u
x
u
1.126) Describe the Gaussian elimination method of solving equations.
[AU, April / May 2011]
1.127) Explain the Gaussian elimination method for the solving of simultaneous linear
algebraic equations with an example. [AU, April / May 2008]
u = 0
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1.128) Solve the following system of equations using Gauss elimination method.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
x
1
x
2
+ x
3
= 1
-3x
1
+ 2x
2
3x
3
= -6
2x
1
5x
2
+ 4x
3
= 5
1.129) Solve the following system of equations by Gauss Elimination method.
2x
1
2x
2
x
4
= 1
2x
2
+ x
3
+ 2x
4
= 2
x
1
2x
2
+ 3x
3
2x
4
= 3 [AU, May / June 2012]
x
2
+ 2x
3
+ 2x
4
= 4
1.130) Solve the following equations by Gauss elimination method.
28r
1
+ 6r
2
= 1
6r
1
+ 24r
2
+ 6r
3
= 0
6r
2
+ 28r
3
+ 8r
4
= -1
8r
3
+ 16r
4
= 10 [AU, Nov / Dec 2010, 2012]
1.131) Use the Gaussian elimination method to solve the following simultaneous
equations:
4x
1
+ 2x
2
2x
3
8x
4
= 4
x
1
+ 2x
2
+ x
3
= 2
0.5x
1
x
2
+ 4x
3
+ 4x
4
= 10
4x
1
2x
2
x
4
= 0 [AU, April / May 2009]
1.132) Solve the following system of equations using Gauss elimination method.
x
1
+ 3x
2
+ 2x
3
= 13
2x
1
+ x
2
x
3
= 3
- 5x
1
+ x
2
+ 3x
3
= 6 [AU, Nov / Dec 2009]
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UNIT II ONE DIMENSIONAL FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
PART A
2.1) Write a note on node numbering scheme.
2.2) What do you mean by node and element?
2.3) What are the types of problems treated as one dimensional problem?
[AU, May / June 2013]
2.4) Highlight at least two rules to guide the placement of the nodes when obtaining
approximate solution to a differential equation. [AU, April / May 2010]
2.5) Define shape function. [AU, Nov / Dec 2007, April / May 2009]
2.6) What is a shape function? [AU, Nov / Dec 2009]
2.7) Differentiate shape function from displacement model.
2.8) Draw the shape function of a two noded line element. [AU, April / May 2009]
2.9) Draw the shape function of a two noded line element with one degree of freedom at
each node. [AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
2.10) Draw the shape function for one dimensional line element with three nodes.
[AU, April / May 2009]
2.11) State the properties of stiffness matrix. [AU, Nov / Dec 2009, 2010, 2011]
2.12) List out the stiffness matrix properties. [AU, May / June 2012]
2.13) State the characteristics of shape function. [AU, May / June 2011]
2.14) List the characteristics of shape functions. [AU, April / May 2010]
2.15) When does the stiffness matrix of a structure become singular?
[AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
2.16) State the significance of shape function.
2.17) Write the element stiffness matrix for a two noded linear element subjected to axial
loading.
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2.18) Write the stiffness matrix for the simple beam element given below.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2008]
2.19) What are the properties of global stiffness matrix? [AU, April / May 2011]
2.20) Write the properties of Global Stiffness Matrix of a one dimensional element.
[AU, May / June 2012]
2.21) Differentiate global stiffness matrix from elemental stiffness matrix.
2.22) What do you mean by banded matrix?
2.23) How will you find the width of a band?
2.24) How do you calculate the size of the global stiffness matrix?
2.25) List the properties of the global stiffness matrix. [AU, April / May 2010]
2.26) What is the effect of node numbering on assembled stiffness matrix?
[AU, Nov / Dec 2013]
2.27) Give a brief note on the following
(a) elimination approach (b) penalty approach.
2.28) Name the factors which affect the number element in the given domain.
2.29) State the requirements to be fulfilled by the approximate solution for its
convergence towards the actual solution.
2.30) What do you mean by continuity weakening?
2.31) Compare the linear polynomial approximation and quadratic polynomial
approximation.
2.32) Why polynomials are generally used as shape function? [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
2.33) Why are polynomial terms preferred for shape functions in finite element method?
[AU, April / May 2011]
2.34) What do you mean by error in FEA solution?
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2.35) What are the types of load acting on the structure?
2.36) Define traction force (T).
2.37) State the assumptions are made while finding the forces in a truss.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
2.38) How are thermal loads input in finite element analysis?
[AU, Nov / Dec 2007, April / May 2009]
2.39) What is an interpolation function? [AU, May / June 2012]
2.40) Why are polynomial types of interpolation functions preferred over trigonometric
functions? [AU, Nov / Dec 2007, April / May 2009]
2.41) What is an equivalent nodal force? [AU, April / May 2008]
2.42) What are called higher order elements?
[AU, April / May 2008, Nov / Dec 2010, 2011]
2.43) What is higher order element? [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
2.44) What do you mean by higher order elements? [AU, Nov / Dec 2008]
2.45) Why higher order elements are required for FE analysis? [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
2.46) What are higher order elements and why are they preferred?
[AU, April / May 2011]
2.47) What are the characteristics of shape functions?
2.48) Plot the variations of shape function for 1 D beam element.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
2.49) Illustrate element connectivity information considering beam elements.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2013]
2.50) When do we resort to 1 D quadratic spar elements? [AU, April / May 2011]
2.51) Obtain any one shape function for a quadratic cubic spar element.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2013]
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FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.R (AP / Mech) 19
2.52) Mention two advantages of quadratic spar element over linear spar element.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2013]
2.53) Give a brief note on the sources of error in FEA.
2.54) State the significance of post processing the solution in FEA.
2.55) What do you know about radially symmetric problem?
2.56) Write the boundary condition for a cantilever beam subjected to point load at its
free end.
2.57) For a one dimensional fin problem, what are all the boundary conditions that can be
specified at the free end?
2.58) Determine the load vector for the beam element shown in Figure
[AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
2.59) Write the element stiffness matrix of a truss element. [AU, May / June 2012]
2.60) Sketch a typical truss element showing local global transformation.
[AU, April / May 2011]
2.61) Differentiate global and local coordinates. [AU, May / June 2013]
2.62) State the differences between a bar element and a truss element.
PART B
2.63) What are the different types of elements? Explain the significance of each.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
2.64) Derive and sketch the quadratic shape function for the bar element.
[AU, May / June 2011]
2.65) Derive the shape function of a quadratic 1 D element. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
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FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.R (AP / Mech) 20
2.66) Derive the shape functions for one dimensional linear element using direct method.
[AU, May / June 2013]
2.67) Determine the shape function and element matrices for quadratic bar element.
[AU, May / June 2012]
2.68) Derive the stiffness matrix and finite element equation for one dimensional bar.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
2.69) Derive the stiffness matrix and body force vector for a quadratic spar element.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2013]
2.70) Obtain an expression for the shape function of a linear bar element.
[AU, April / May 2011]
2.71) Derive shape functions and stiffness matrix for a 2D rectangular element.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
2.72) Consider the rod (a robot arm) as shown below, which is rotating at constant
angular velocity e = 30 rad/sec. Determine the axial stress distribution in the rod,
using two quadratic elements. Consider only the centrifugal force. Ignore bending
of the rod.
2.73) A link of 2m, pin jointed at one end, is rotating at angular velocity 5 rad / sec. the
cross sectional area of link is 2 * 10
-3
m
2
. Determine the nodal displacements
using two linear spar elements. Take E = 200GPa and = 7850 kg/m
3
.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2013]
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FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.R (AP / Mech) 21
2.74) A steel rod of length 1m is subjected to an axial load of 5 kN as shown in figure.
Area of cross section of the rod is 250 mm
2
. Using 1 D element equation solve for
the deflection of the bar, E = 2*10
5
N/mm
2
. Use four elements.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
2.75) A column of length 500mm is loaded axially as shown in figure. Analyze the
column and evaluate the stress and strain at salient points. The Youngs modulus
can be taken as E. Take A
1
= 62.5mm
2
and A
2
= 125mm
2
[AU, April / May 2009]
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2.76) Consider a bar as shown in figure. Youngs Modulus E = 2*10
5
N/mm
2
. A
1
= 2 cm
2
,
A
2
= 1 cm
2
and force of 100 N. Determine the nodal displacement.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
2.77) Consider the bar shown in Figure Axial force P = 30 kN is applied as shown.
Determine the nodal displacement, stresses in each element and reaction forces
[AU, May / June 2012]
2.78) Consider the bar as shown in figure. Axial force P
1
= 20 kN and P
2
= 15 kN is
applied as shown in figure. Determine the nodal displacements, stresses in each
element and reaction forces. [AU, April / May 2011]
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FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.R (AP / Mech) 23
2.79) Find the nodal displacement and elemental stresses for the bar shown in Figure.
[AU, April / May 2011]
2.80) An axial load P = 300 x 10
3
N is applied at 20
0
C to the rod as shown below. The
temperature is then raised to 60
0
C
a) Assemble the stiffness (K) and load (F) matrices.
b) Determine the nodal displacements and element stresses.
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FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.R (AP / Mech) 24
2.81) The stepped bar shown in fig is subjected to an increase in temperature, AT=80
o
C.
Determine the displacements, element stresses and support reactions.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2009]
2.82) Axial load of 500N is applied to a stepped shaft, at the interface of two bars. The
ends are fixed. Obtain the nodal displacements and stresses when the element is
subjected to all in temperature of 100C. Take E
1
= 70*10
3
N/mm
2
, E
2
= 200*10
3
N/mm
2
, A
1
= 900mm
2
, A
2
= 1200mm
2
,
1
= 23*10
-6
/ C,
2
= 11.7*10
-6
/ C, L
1
=
200mm, L
2
= 300mm. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
2.83) Consider a bar as shown below having a cross sectional area A
e
= 1.2 in
2
and
Youngs modulus E = 30 x 10
6
psi If q
1
= 0.02 in and q
2
= 0.025 in, determine the
following:
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FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.R (AP / Mech) 25
a) The displacement at the point P b) The strain e and stress o
c) The element stiffness matrix and d) The strain energy in the element.
A finite element solution using one dimensional, two noded elements has been
obtained for a rod as shown below.
Displacement are as follows
T
mm
Q 0.1] - 0,0.6, [-0.2, = , E = 1N/mm
2
, area of each
element = 1 mm
2
, L
1-2
= 50 mm, L
2-3
= 80 mm, L
3-4
= 100 mm.
i) According to the finite element theory, plot the displacement u(x) versus x.
ii) According to the finite element theory, plot the strain e(x) versus x.
iii) Determine the B matrix for element 2-3.
iv) Determine the strain energy in the element 1-2 using .
2
1
kq q U
T
=
2.84) Consider the bar, loaded as shown below. Determine the nodal displacements,
element stresses and support reactions. Solve this problem by adopting elimination
method for handling boundary conditions. (value of E = 200 x 10
9
N/m
2
).
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FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.R (AP / Mech) 26
2.85) In the figure shown below load P = 60kN is applied. Determine the displacement
field, stress and support reactions in the body. Take E = 20 kN/mm
2
[AU, May / June 2011]
2.86) Consider the bar as shown below. Determine the nodal displacements, element
stresses and support reactions. (E = 200 x 10
9
N/m
2
)
2.87) An axial load P = 385 KN is applied to the composite block as shown below.
Determine the stress in each material.
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FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.R (AP / Mech) 27
2.88) For a vertical rod as shown below, find the deflection at A and the stress
distribution. E = 100 MPa and weight per unit volume = 0.06 N/cm
3
. Comment on
the stress distribution.
2.89) Consider a two-bar supported by a spring shown in figure. Both bars have E = 210
GPa and A=5.0 x10
-4
m
2
. Bar one has a length of 5m and bar two has a length of 10
m. The spring stiffness is k= 2 kN/m. Determine the horizontal and vertical
displacements at the joint 1 and stresses in each bar. [AU, Nov / Dec 2009]
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FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.R (AP / Mech) 28
2.90) Each of the three bars of the pin jointed frame shown in figure has a cross
sectional area of 1000mm
2
with E = 200GPa. Solve for displacements.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2013]
2.91) Find the deflection at the free end under its own weight, using divisions of
a) 1 element b) 2 elements c) 4 elements d) 8 elements and e) 16 elements
Then plot the number of elements versus deflection.
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FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.R (AP / Mech) 29
2.92) For the discretization of beam elements as shown below, number the nodes so as to
minimize the bandwidth of the assembled stiffness matrix (K)
2.93) The elements of a row or column of the stiffness matrix of a bar element sum up to
zero, but not so for a beam element. Explain why this is so.
2.94) For the beam problem shown below, determine the tip deflection and the slope at
the roller support.
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FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.R (AP / Mech) 30
2.95) For the beam and loading as shown in figure. Determine the slopes at the two ends
of the distributed load and the vertical deflection at the mid-point of the distributed
load. Take E = 200GPa and I = 4*10
6
mm
4
[AU, May / June 2011]
2.96) Find the deflection and slope for the following beam section at which point load is
applied.
2.97) Solve the following beam as shown below, clamped at one end and spring support
at other end. A linearly varying transverse load of maximum magnitude of 100
N/cm applied over the span of 4 cm to 10 cm. Take EI = 2 x 10
7
N/cm
2
,
2
10
=
EI
K
.
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FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.R (AP / Mech) 31
2.98) Obtain the deflection at the midpoint of the beam shown below and determine the
reaction.
2.99) The simply supported beam shown in figure is subjected to a uniform transverse
load, as shown. Using two equal-length elements and work-equivalent nodal loads
obtain a finite element solution for the deflection at mid-span and compare it to the
solution given by elementary beam theory. [AU, April / May - 2010]
2.100) Determine the displacements and slopes at the nodes for the beam shown in figure.
Take k=200kN / m, E=70GPa and I=2x10
-4
m
4
. [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
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FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.R (AP / Mech) 32
2.101) Determine the nodal displacements and slopes for the beam shown in Figure. Find
the moment at the midpoint of element 1. [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
2.102) Determine the displacement of node 1 and the stress in element 3, for the three-bar
truss as shown below. Take A = 250 mm
2
, E = 200 GPa for all elements.
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FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.R (AP / Mech) 33
2.103) Determine the force in the members of the truss as shown in figure.
Take E = 200 GPa [AU, May / June 2012]
2.104) Determine the nodal displacements and the element stresses for the two dimensional
loaded plate as shown in figure. Assume plane stress condition. Body force may be
neglected in comparison to the external forces. Take E = 210GPa, = 0.25,
Thickness t = 10mm. [AU, May / June 2011]
2.105) The loading and other parameters for a two bar truss element is shown in figure
Determine [AU, May / June 2013]
(i) The element stiffness matrix for each element
(ii) Global stiffness matrix
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(iii) Nodal displacements
(iv) Reaction forces
(v) The stresses induced in the elements. Assume E = 200 GPa.
2.106) Calculate nodal displacement and elemental stresses for the truss shown in Figure.
E= 70Gpa.cross-sectional area A = 2cm
2
for all truss members.
[AU, April / May 2011]
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2.107) Find the horizontal and vertical displacements of node 1 for the truss shown below.
Take A = 300 mm
2
, E = 2 x10
5
N/mm
2
for each element.
2.108) Each of the five bars of the pin jointed truss shown in figure below has a cross
sectional area 20 sq. cm. and E = 200 GPa.
(i) Form the equation F = KU where K is the assembled stiffness matrix of the
structure.
(ii) Find the forces in all the five members. [AU, April / May 2008]
2.109) Analyze the truss shown in figure and evaluate the stress resultants in member (2).
Assume area of cross section of all the members in same. E = 2 * 10
5
N/mm
2
[AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
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2.110) Determine the joint displacements, the joint reactions, element forces and element
stresses of the given truss elements. [AU, April / May - 2010]
Elements A
cm
2
E
N/m
2
L
m
Global
Node
connection
o Degree
1 32.2 6.9e 10 2.54 2 to 3 90
2 38.7 20.7e10 2.54 2 to 1 0
3 25.8 20.7e10 3.59 1 to 3 135
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2.111) Determine the force in the members of the truss shown in figure.
[AU, April / May 2011]
2.112) Find the nodal displacement developed in the planer truss shown in Figure when a
vertically downward load of 1000 N is applied at node 4. The required data are
given in the Table. [AU, May / June 2012]
Element No.
e
Cross Sectional area A
cm
2
Length l
(e)
cm
Youngs Modulus
E
(e)
N/mm
2
1 2 2 50 2 * 10
6
2 2 2 50 2 * 10
6
3 1 2.5 100 2 * 10
6
4 1 2 100 2 * 10
6
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2.113) Derive the shape function for a 2 noded beam element and a 3 noded bar element.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2008]
2.114) Why is higher order elements needed? Determine the shape functions of an eight
noded rectangular element. [AU, Nov / Dec 2007, April / May 2009]
2.115) Derive the shape functions for a 2D beam element.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2007, April / May 2008, 2009]
2.116) Derive the shape functions for a 2D truss element.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2007, April / May 2008, 2009]
2.117) Derive the interpolation function for the one dimensional linear element with a
length L and two nodes, one at each end, designated as i and j. Assume the
origin of the coordinate system is to the left of node i.
[AU, April / May - 2010]
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Figure shows the one-dimensional linear element
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UNIT III TWO DIMENSIONAL FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
PART A
3.1) Name few 2-D elements along with a neat sketch.
3.2) State the differences between 2D element and 1D element.
3.3) Define Lagranges interpolation.
3.4) What is geometric Isotropy? [AU, May / June 2013]
3.5) Write the Lagrangean shape functions for a 1D, 2 noded elements.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2008]
3.6) Write the relation to obtain the size of the stiffness matrix for a linear quadrilateral
element having U
x
and U
y
as dof.
3.7) Why is the 3 noded triangular element called as a CST element?
[AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
3.8) Write down the interpolation function of a field variable for three-node triangular
element. [AU, April / May 2010]
3.9) What is a CST element? [AU, April / May 2011]
3.10) Draw the shape functions of a CST element. [AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
3.11) Explain the important properties of CST elements. [AU, Nov / Dec 2008]
3.12) Write a note on CST element. [AU, May / June 2011]
3.13) Write briefly about LST and QST elements.
3.14) What are CST and LST elements? [AU, Nov / Dec 2009]
3.15) Define LST element. [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
3.16) Write the displacement function equation for CST element.
3.17) Write the strain displacement matrix for CST element.
3.18) Differentiate CST and LST elements. [AU, Nov / Dec 2007, April / May 2009]
3.19) Give the Jacobian matrix for a CST element and state its significance.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2013]
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3.20) Evaluate the following area integrals for the three node triangular element
and
at
(, ), (0, 0) and (
between 8 and
12. Use Gaussian quadrature rule. [AU, April / May 2008]
3.222) Evaluate the integral =
(
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3.226) Use Gaussian quadrature rule (n = 2) to numerically integrate
)( )
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UNIT IV DYNAMIC ANALYSIS USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
PART A
4.1) What is dynamic analysis? Give examples [AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
4.2) What is mean by dynamic analysis? [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
4.3) List the types of dynamic analysis problems. [AU, May / June 2012]
4.4) Define normal modes. [AU, May / June 2013]
4.5) What is the principle of mode superposition technique? [AU, Nov / Dec 2013]
4.6) Sketch two 3D elements exhibiting linear strain behavior. [AU, April / May 2011]
4.7) What is the influence of element distortion on the analysis results?
[AU, April / May 2011]
4.8) Determine the element mass matrix for one-dimensional, dynamic structural analysis
problems. Assume the two-node, linear element. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
4.9) What are consistent and lumped mass techniques? [AU, Nov / Dec 2013]
4.10) Specify the consistent mass matrix for a beam element. [AU, Nov / Dec 2013]
4.11) Comment on the accuracy of the values of natural frequencies obtained by using
lumped mass matrices and consistent mass matrices. [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
4.12) Explain consistent load vector. [AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
4.13) What do you mean by Lumped mass matrix? [AU, May / June 2011]
4.14) Write down the lumped mass matrix for the truss element. [AU, April / May 2009]
4.15) What are the types of Eigen value problems? [AU, May / June 2012]
4.16) What is meant by mode superposition technique? [AU, May / June 2013]
PART B
4.17) Derive the equation of' motion based on weak form for transverse vibration of a
beam. [AU, May / June 2012]
4.18) Derive the governing equation for longitudinal vibration.
4.19) Derive the weak formulation for longitudinal vibration.
4.20) Derive the weak formulation for transverse vibration.
4.21) Derive the element equation for longitudinal free vibration.
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4.22) Derive the element equation for transverse free vibration.
4.23) Derive the consistent mass matrix for bar element
4.24) Derive the consistent mass matrix for truss element
4.25) Derive the consistent mass matrix for CST element
4.26) Explain the direct integration method using central difference scheme for predicting
the transient dynamic response of a structure. [AU, Nov / Dec 2013]
4.27) Derive the consistent mass matrix for a truss element in its local coordinate system.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
4.28) Derive the finite equations for the time dependent stress analysis of one dimensional
bar. [AU, May / June 2011]
4.29) Find the natural frequencies of transverse vibrations of the cantilever beam shown in
Figure using one beam element. [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
4.30) Consider a uniform cross section bar as shown in figure of length L made up of a
material whose Youngs modulus and density are given by E and . Estimate the
natural frequencies of axial vibration of the bar using both lumped and consistent
mass matrix. [AU, May / June 2005]
4.31) Determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes of transverse vibration for a beam
fixed at both ends. The beam may be modelled by two elements, each of length L and
cross-sectional area A. Consider lumped mass matrix approach.
[AU, April / May 2011]
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4.32) Using two equal-length finite elements, determine the natural frequencies of the solid
circular shaft fixed at one end shown in figure. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
4.33) Obtain the natural frequencies of vibration for a stepped steel bar of area 625mm
2
for
the length of 250mm and 312.5mm
2
for the length of 125mm. The element is fixed at
larger end [AU, Nov / Dec 2007]
4.34) Determine the Eigen values and frequencies for the stepped bar shown in the figure.
Take E = 20 * 10
10
N/m
2
and self-weight = 8500 kg.m
3
[AU, May / June 2005]
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4.35) Find the natural frequency of longitudinal vibration of the unconstrained stepped bar
as shown in figure. [AU, Nov / Dec 2006]
4.36) Compute material frequencies of free transverse vibration of a stepped beam shown in
figure. [AU, May / June 2003]
4.37) Determine the natural frequencies of transverse vibration for a beam fixed at both
ends. The beam may be modelled by two elements each of length L and cross
sectional area A. The use of symmetry boundary condition is optional.
[AU, May / June 2008]
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4.38) Determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a system whose stiffness and
mass matrices are given below [AU, May / June 2008]
[]
[
] []
[
]
4.39) A vertical plate of thickness 40 mm is tapered with widths of 0.15m and 0.075m at
top and bottom ends respectively. The plate is fixed at the top end. The length of the
plate is 0.8m. Take Young's modulus as 200 GPa and density as 7800 kg/m
3
. Model
the plate with two spar elements. Determine the natural frequencies of longitudinal
vibration and the mode shapes. [AU, Nov / Dec 2013]
4.40) Find the response of the system given below using modal superposition method.
[AU, April / May 2011]
4.41) Determine the natural frequencies for the truss shown in figure using finite element
method. [AU, May / June 2007]
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4.42) Find the natural frequencies of vibration of two element simply supported beam by
taking advantage of the symmetry about the mid-point [AU, May / June 2007]
4.43) Formulate the mass matrix for two-dimensional rectangular element depicted in
figure. The element has uniform thickness 5 mm and density = 7.83 * 10
-6
kg/mm
3
.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
4.44) Consider the undamped 2 degree of freedom system as shown in figure. Find the
response of the system when the first mass alone is given an initial displacement of
unity and realised from rest.
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The mathematical representation of the system for free, Harmonic vibration is given
by [AU, May / June 2012]
4.45) Calculate the consistent and lumped load vector for the element shown in figure.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
4.46) Consider a uniform cross section bar, as shown in figure of length L made up of
material whose young's modulus and density is given by E and . Estimate the
natural frequencies of axial vibration of the bar using both consistent and lumped
mass matrices. [AU, May / June 2013]
4.47) Determine the Eigen values and Eigen vectors for the stepped bar as shown in figure.
[AU, May / June 2011]
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4.48) Find the Eigen values and Eigen vectors of the matrix.
[
]
4.49) Find the Eigen values and Eigen vectors of the matrix.
[
]
4.50) Use iterative procedures to determine the first and third Eigen values for the structure
shown in figure. Hence determine the second Eigen value and the natural frequencies
of building. Finally, establish the Eigen vectors and check the rest by applying the
orthogonality properties of Eigen vectors. [AU, May / June 2013]
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UNIT V APPLICATIONS IN HEAT TRANSFER & FLUID
MECHANICS
PART A
5.1) Write down the one dimensional heat conduction equation. [AU, April / May 2011]
5.2) Distinguish between homogenous and non homogenous boundary conditions.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2013]
5.3) Write down the expression of shape function and temperature function for one
dimensional heat conduction. [AU, May / June 2011]
5.4) Write down the governing differential equation for the steady state one dimensional
conduction heat transfer. [AU, Nov / Dec 2010, 2012]
5.5) Write down the governing differential equation for a two dimensional steady-state
heat transfer problem. [AU, Nov / Dec 2009]
5.6) Write down the stiffness matrix equation for one dimensional heat conduction
element. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
5.7) Sketch a two dimensional differential control element for heat transfer and obtain the
heat diffusion equation. [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
5.8) Define element capacitance matrix for unsteady state heat transfer problems.
[AU, May / June 2013]
5.9) Name a few boundary conditions involved in any heat transfer analysis.
[AU, April / May 2010]
5.10) Mention two natural boundary conditions as applied to thermal problems.
[AU, April / May 2011]
5.11) Consider a wall of a tank containing a hot liquid at a temperature T
0
with an air
stream of temperature T
x
passed on the outside, maintaining a wall temperature of T
L
at the boundary. Specify the boundary conditions. [AU, April / May 2009]
5.12) Define static condensation. [AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
5.13) Give the governing equation of torsion problem. [AU, May / June 2012]
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5.14) Write the step by step procedure of solving a torsion problem by finite element
method. [AU, April / May 2011]
5.15) Outline the step by step procedure of handling torsion problem using the finite
element method. [AU, May / June 2012]
5.16) Define streamline. [AU, May / June 2012]
5.17) Define the stream function for a one-dimensional incompressible flow.
[AU, April / May 2011]
5.18) List the applications of the potential flow. [AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
5.19) List the method of describing the motion of fluid. [AU, May / June 2012]
5.20) State the relation between the velocity of fluid flow and the hydraulic gradient
according to Darcy's law, explaining the terms involved. [AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
5.21) Define the stream function for a one dimensional incompressible flow.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2013]
5.22) Define the stream function for a two dimensional incompressible flow.
[AU, May / June 2013]
Part B
5.23) Write the mathematical formulation for a steady state heat transfer conduction
problem and derive the stiffness and force matrices for the same.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2008]
5.24) Consider a plane wall with uniformly distributed heat source. Obtain the finite
element formulation for the above case based on the stationarity of a functional.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2013]
5.25) Derive a finite element equation for one dimensional heat conduction with free end
convection. [AU, May / June 2013]
5.26) The temperature at the four corners of a four noded rectangle are T
1
, T
2
T
3
and T
4
.
Determine the consistent load vector for a 2-D analysis, aimed to determine the
thermal stresses. [AU, Nov / Dec 2007, April / May 2009]
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5.27) Derive the stiffness matrix and load vectors for fluid mechanics in two dimensional
finite element. [AU, May / June 2012]
5.28) Give the one-dimensional formulation for one-dimensional flow and derive the
element stiffness matrix for the flow through a porous medium.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2012]
5.29) In the finite element analysis of a two dimensional flow using triangular elements, the
velocity components u and v are assumed to vary linearly within an element (e) as
u(x ,y) = a
1
U
i
(e)
+ a
2
U
j
(e)
+ a
3
U
k
(e)
v(x ,y) = a
1
V
i
(e)
+ a
2
V
j
(e)
+ a
3
V
k
(e)
where (U
i
(e)
, V
i
(e)
) denote the values of (u, v) at node i. Find the relationship between
(U
i
(e)
, V
i
(e)
............. V
k
(e)
)which is to be satisfied for the flow to be incompressible.
[AU, May / June 2013]
5.30) Develop stiffness coefficients due to torsion for a three dimensional beam element.
[AU, April / May 2009]
5.31) Establish the finite element equations including force matrices for the analysis of two
dimensional steady state fluid flows through a porous medium using triangular
element. [AU, Nov / Dec 2013]
5.32) Explain the potential function formulation of finite element equations for ideal flow
problems. [AU, May / June 2013]
5.33) Find the temperature at a point P(1,1.5) inside the triangular element shown with the
nodal temperatures given as T
1
= 40
0
C, T
J
= 34
0
C, and T
K
= 46
0
C. Also determine the
location of the 42
0
C contour line for the triangular element shown in figure below.
[AU, April / May - 2008]
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5.34) Obtain the finite element equations for the following element. The thermal
conductivity (k) of the material of the element is 2 W/ mK. The convective heat
transfer coefficient (h) is 3 W/m
2
K. The ambient temperature (T
f
) is 25 C. The
thickness (t) of the material is 1mm. Assume convection along the edge jk alone.
[AU, April / May - 2011]
5.35) Compute the elemental stress vectors for the following element, assuming plane stress
conditions. The nodal displacements in mm [q] = [0 1 1 0 1 1]
T
. The
temperature increase in the element is 5C. Take E = 200 GPa and = 0.3. The
thermal coefficient of expansion is 11 * 10
-6
/C. The thickness of the material is 1
mm. [AU, April / May - 2011]
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5.36) Calculate the element stiffness matrix and the thermal force vector for the
axisymmetric triangular element as shown below. The element experiences a 15
0
C
increase in temperature. Take o = 10 x 10
-6
/
0
C, E = 2 x 10
5
N/mm
2
and u= 0.25
5.37) Determine the temperature and heat fluxes at a location (2, 1) in a square plate as
shown in figure. Draw the isothermal for 125C. T
1
= 100C, T
2
= 150C, T
3
=
200C, T
4
= 50C [AU, Nov / Dec 2010]
5.38) Consider a brick wall of thickness 0.3 m, k = 0.7 W/mC. The inner surface is at 28C
and the outer surface is exposed to cold air at -15C. The heat transfer coefficient
associated with the outside surface is 40 W/m
2
C. Determine the steady state
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temperature distribution within the wall and also the heat flux through the wall. Use
two 1D elements and obtain the solution. [AU, Nov / Dec 2013]
5.39) Consider a brick wall as shown in figure of thickness L = 30cm, K = 0.7 W/mC. The
inner surface is at 28C and the outer surface is exposed to cold air at -15C. The heat
transfer coefficient associated with the outside surface is h = 40 W/m
2
C. Determine
the steady state temperature distribution within the wall and also the heat flux through
the wall. Use a two element model. Assume one dimensional flow.
[AU, April / May 2011]
5.40) A composite wall consists of three materials as shown in figure. The outer
temperature is T
0
= 20C. Convection heat transfer takes place on the inner surface of
the wall with T
C is
subjected to the boundary condition as shown below. Two opposite sides are
maintained at uniform temperature of 180
0
C. One side is insulated and the remaining
side is subjected to a convection process with T
o
= 85
C and h = 50 W/m
2
C.
Determine the temperature distribution in the bar.
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5.45) The plane wall shown below is 0.5 m thick. The left surface of the wall is maintained
at a constant temperature of 200
0
C and the right surface is insulated. The thermal
conductivity K = 25 W/M
o
C and there is a uniform heat generation inside the wall
of Q = 400 W/m
3
. Determine the temperature distribution through the wall thickness
using linear elements.
5.46) Determine three points on the 50
o
C contour line for the rectangular element shown in
the figure. The nodal values are u
i
= 42
o
C, u
j
=54
o
C, u
k
= 56
o
C and u
m
= 46
o
C.
5.47) Compute the steady state temperature distribution for the plate shown in the figure
below. A constant temperature of T
0
= 150
0
C is maintained along the edge y = w and
all other edges have zero temperature. The thermal conductivities are K
x
= K
y
= 1.
Assume w = L = 1 and thickness t = 1.
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5.48) A steel rod of diameter d = 2 cm, length l =5 cm and thermal conductivity K = 50
W/mC is exposed at one end to a constant temperature of 320C. The other end is in
ambient air of temperature 20C with a convection co-efficient of h = 100 W/m
2
C.
Determine the temperature at the midpoint of the rod using FEA.
[AU, Nov / Dec 2011]
5.49) Determine the temperature distribution in one dimensional rectangular cross-section
as shown in Figure. The fin has rectangular cross-section and is 8cm long 4cm wide
and 1cm thick. Assume that convection heat loss occurs from the end of the fin. Take
h = 3W / cmC, h = 0.1 W / cm
2
C,T
Substitute the trial function in differential equation to get the residue function.
Point Collocation Method:
()
R(x) Residue function
Here the point of x is between these limits. If the limit is 0 to 1
For two unknowns any two point between these limits. For example
x value is
x value is
For three unknowns any two point between these limits. For example
x value is
x value is
x value is
Sub Domain Method:
()
Here the limit should be taken into two intervals. If the limit is 0 to 1
The limit varies between 0 0.5 ()
The limit varies between 0.5 1 ()
Least Square Method:
()
Differentiate the R(x) with respect to a
1
, a
2
Galerkin Method:
() ()
UNIT I FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATION OF BOUNDARY
VALUE PROBLEMS
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME2353 FEA
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 3
() Weighting function (Function associated with unknown
trial function)
()
RAYLEIGH RITZ METHOD:
For Beam the Fourier series equation
For Cantilever Bar (Axial Loading)
Where a
1
a
2
& a
3
are Ritz parameters
The Total Potential Energy of the Beam:
U Strain Energy
H Work Done by External Force
Strain Energy for Transverse Loading:
Strain Energy for Axial Loading:
Work Done by External Force:
E Youngs modulus
I Moment of Inertia
Exact Solution:
SSB Max Deflection with UDL throughout its length
SSB Max Bending Moment with UDL throughout its length
SSB Max Deflection with Point Load at its mid point of length
SSB Max Bending Moment with Point Load at its mid point of length
SSB Max Deflection with UDL throughout its length and Point Load at its mid
point of length
SSB Max Bending Moment with UDL throughout its length and Point Load at
its mid point of length
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME2353 FEA
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 5
GENERAL TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS USED IN RITZ METHOD:
( ) ( )
SPRINGS:
The Total Potential Energy of the Beam:
U Strain Energy
H Work Done by External Force
Strain Energy:
k Stiffness of Spring
Deflection
Work done by External Force:
F Force acting on the spring
u Displacement
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FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 6
Displacement Function:
For 1D linear bar element
For 1D quadratic element
UNIT II ONE DIMENSIONAL FINITE ELEMENT
ANALYSIS
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FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 7
N
1
Shape Function at node 1
u
1
Displacement at node 1
N
2
Shape Function at node 2
u
2
Displacement at node 2
N
3
Shape Function at node 3
u
3
Displacement at node 2
Stiffness Matrix:
For 1D linear bar element
[]
[
]
For 1D quadratic element
[]
[
]
A Area of the element - mm
2
E Youngs Modulus of the element - N/mm
2
l Length of the element - mm
General Force Equation:
{} [] {}
{} Force vector (Global)
[] Global stiffness matrix
{} Displacement matrix
Reaction Force:
{} [] {} {}
{} Reaction force
If The Body Is Subjected To Self Weight:
For 1D linear bar element
{}
}
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME2353 FEA
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 8
For 1D quadratic element
{}
{
Unit weight density of the element - N/mm
3
A Area of the element - mm
2
l Length of the element - mm
Stress On The Element:
FOR TAPER PLATE:
For rectangular cross section
Area = Width * Thickness
At any point of x
Area at node 1:
Area at node 2(Applicable only for mid point):
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME2353 FEA
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 9
Area at node 3:
Average area of element 1:
Average area of element 2:
For circular cross section
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON STRUCTURAL PROBLEM:
Stiffness Matrix:
[]
[
]
A Area of the element - mm
2
E Youngs Modulus of the element - N/mm
2
l Length of the element - mm
Thermal Load:
{} {
}
A Area of the element - mm
2
E Youngs Modulus of the element - N/mm
2
Coefficient of thermal expansion - /C
Temperature difference
Thermal Stress:
{
Thermal Strain
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME2353 FEA
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 10
For element 1
{
Reaction Force:
{} [] {} {}
{} Reaction force
{} Force vector (Global)
[] Global stiffness matrix
{} Displacement matrix
SPRINGS:
Stiffness Matrix:
[] [
]
k Stiffness of the spring - N/mm
TRUSSES:
Stiffness Matrix:
[]
]
A
e
Area of the element - mm
2
E
e
Youngs Modulus of the element - N/mm
2
l
e
Length of the element - mm
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME2353 FEA
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 11
Length of element 1
Stress:
Stress of element 1
] {
}
u matrix varies according the element
BEAMS:
Displacement Function:
)
N
1
Shape Function at node 1
u
1
Displacement at node 1
N
2
Shape Function at node 2
u
2
Displacement at node 2
N
3
Shape Function at node 3
u
3
Displacement at node 3
N
4
Shape Function at node 4
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME2353 FEA
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 12
u
4
Displacement at node 4
Stiffness Matrix:
[]
]
I Moment of Inertia - mm
4
E Youngs Modulus - N/mm
2
L Length of the beam - mm
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FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 13
Nodal Forces and Bending Moments:
S.No
LOADING
CASE
F
1
m
1
F
2
m
2
1)
2)
( )
( )
3)
( ) ( )
4)
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME2353 FEA
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 14
S.No
LOADING
CASE
F
1
m
1
F
2
m
2
5)
6)
7)
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FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 15
CONSTANT STRAIN TRIANGULAR ELEMENT:
Shape Function:
Area:
|
Shape Function:
When all the shape function is given
UNIT III TWO DIMENSIONAL FINITE ELEMENT
ANALYSIS
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME2353 FEA
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 16
When two or one shape function is given
(
Strain Displacement Matrix:
[]
]
A Area of the triangular element - mm
2
Stress Strain Relationship Matrix:
For Plane Stress condition:
[]
]
For Plane Stress condition:
[]
( )( )
[
( )
( )
( )
]
E Youngs Modulus - N/mm
2
Poissons ratio
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME2353 FEA
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 17
Stiffness Matrix:
[] []
[] []
[] Strain Displacement matrix
[] Stress Strain Relationship matrix
t Thickness of the triangular element - mm
Area of the triangular element - mm
2
To Convert Traction Force Into Nodal Force:
( )
Nodal force - N
Surface traction - N / mm
2
t Thickness of the element - mm
b Breadth of the element - mm
Area of the triangular element - mm
2
To Convert Pressure Into Nodal Force:
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FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 18
If side j - k is subjected to pressure in x direction (node 2 & 3)
{}
{
If side j - k is subjected to pressure in y direction (node 2 & 3)
{}
{
If side i - j is subjected to pressure in x direction (node 1 & 2)
{}
{
If side i - j is subjected to pressure in y direction (node 1 & 2)
{}
{
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME2353 FEA
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 19
If side i - k is subjected to pressure in x direction (node 1 & 3)
{}
{
If side i - k is subjected to pressure in y direction (node 1 & 3)
{}
{
Force vector - N
Pressure - N / mm
2
t Thickness of the element - mm
L Length of the element - mm
Element Stress:
{} [] [] {}
{
} [] []
{
Minimum Normal Stress:
Principle Angle:
Element Strain:
{} [] {}
{
} []
{
} {
}
For Plane Strain condition:
{
} ( ) {
}
Coefficient of thermal expansion - /C
Temperature difference
Poissons ratio
Element Temperature Force:
{} []
[] {
}
[] Strain Displacement matrix
[] Stress Strain Relationship matrix
{
} Initial strain
t Thickness of the triangular element - mm
Area of the triangular element - mm
2
AXIS SYMMETRIC ELEMENTS:
Shape Function:
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME2353 FEA
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 22
Area:
|
Strain Displacement Matrix:
[]
A Area of the triangular element - mm
2
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME2353 FEA
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 23
Stress Strain Relationship Matrix:
[]
( )( )
[
E Youngs Modulus - N/mm
2
Poissons ratio
Stiffness Matrix:
[] []
[] []
[] Strain Displacement matrix
[] Stress Strain Relationship matrix
r Radius of the triangular element - mm
Area of the triangular element - mm
2
Element Stress:
{} [] [] {}
{
} [] []
{
[]
[] {}
[] Strain Displacement matrix
[] Stress Strain Relationship matrix
{}
Strain matrix
r Radius of the triangular element - mm
Area of the triangular element - mm
2
Strain:
{}
}
Coefficient of thermal expansion - /C
Temperature difference
RECTANGULAR ELEMENT:
Shape Function:
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FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 25
ISOPARAMETRIC ELEMENT:
FOUR NODED QUADRILATERAL:
Shape Function:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
Jacobian Matrix:
[]
[
[] [
]
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME2353 FEA
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 26
[ ( )
( )
( )
( )
[ ( )
( )
( )
( )
[ ( )
( )
( )
( )
[ ( )
( )
( )
( )
]
Strain Displacement Matrix:
[]
||
[
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ]
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME2353 FEA
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 27
Stress Strain Relationship Matrix:
For Plane Stress condition:
[]
]
For Plane Stress condition:
[]
( )( )
[
( )
( )
( )
]
E Youngs Modulus - N/mm
2
Poissons ratio
Stiffness Matrix:
For Isoparametric Quadrilateral Element:
[] []
[] []
For Natural Co Ordinates
[] []
[] [] ||
[] Strain Displacement matrix
[] Stress Strain Relationship matrix
|| Determinant of the Jacobian matrix
, Natural Co Ordinates
t Thickness of the element - mm
Area of the triangular element - mm
2
SIX NODED QUADRILATERAL:
Shape Function:
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FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 28
EIGHT NODED QUADRILATERAL:
Shape Function:
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )( )
) ( )
( ) (
) ( )
( ) (
)
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME2353 FEA
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 29
NINE NODED QUADRILATERAL:
Shape Function:
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
)
GAUSSIAN QUADRATURE:
()
()
Weight function
(
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME2353 FEA
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 31
LONGITUDINAL VIBRATION OF BAR:
General Finite Element Equation:
{
[
]
[]
} {}
{
}
[] Stiffness matrix
[] Mass matrix
{} External Force
{} Displacement matrix
Natural Frequency - rad / sec
Stiffness Matrix:
[]
[
]
A Area of the element - mm
2
E Youngs Modulus of the element - N/mm
2
l Length of the element - mm
Lumped Mass Matrix:
[]
[
]
Unit weight density of the element - N/mm
3
A Area of the element - mm
2
l Length of the element - mm
Consistent Mass Matrix:
[]
[
]
Unit weight density of the element - N/mm
3
A Area of the element - mm
2
l Length of the element - mm
UNIT IV DYNAMIC ANALYSIS USING FINITE
ELEMENT METHOD
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME2353 FEA
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 32
TRANSVERSE VIBRATION OF BEAMS:
General Finite Element Equation:
{
[
]
[]
} {}
{
}
[] Stiffness matrix
[] Mass matrix
{} External Force
{} Displacement matrix
Natural Frequency - rad / sec
Stiffness Matrix:
[]
]
I Moment of Inertia - mm
4
E Youngs Modulus - N/mm
2
L Length of the beam - mm
Lumped Mass Matrix:
[]
[
]
Unit weight density of the element - N/mm
3
A Area of the element - mm
2
l Length of the element - mm
Consistent Mass Matrix:
[]
]
Unit weight density of the element - N/mm
3
A Area of the element - mm
2
l Length of the element - mm
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FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 33
EIGEN VALUES & EIGEN VECTORS:
General Finite Element Equation:
{
[
]
[] } {}
[] Stiffness matrix
[] Mass matrix
{} Displacement matrix
Eigen values
Determinant Method:
|
[
]
[] |
[] Stiffness matrix
[] Mass matrix
Eigen values
Natural Frequency of Bar Element:
Frequency of bar - Hz
[] Mass matrix
Eigen values
Natural Frequency - rad / sec
TRANSIENT VIBRATION ANALYSIS:
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FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 34
HEAT TRANSFER:
ONE DIMENSIONAL HEAT TRANSFER ON WALL:
Global Stiffness Matrix When Wall Subjected To Conduction:
[
]
{
}
{
}
{} Force vector (Global)
[] Global stiffness matrix
{} Temperature matrix
[]
[
]
[
] {
} {
}
A Area of the wall - m
2
k Thermal conductivity of wall - W/mK
l Length of the wall - m
Global Stiffness Matrix When Wall Subjected To Conduction &
Convection:
[
[
] [
]] {
}
A Area of the wall - m
2
k Thermal conductivity of wall - W/mK
l Length of the wall - m
h Heat transfer coefficient - W/m
2
K
[
]
[
]] {
}
()
A Area of the fin - m
2
P Perimeter of the fin - m
k Thermal conductivity of fin - W/mK
l Length of the fin - m
h Heat transfer coefficient - W/m
2
K
[] []
[] Strain Displacement matrix
[] Material Property matrix
t Thickness of the triangular element - mm
Area of the triangular element - mm
2
Strain Displacement Matrix:
[
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME2353 FEA
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 36
Area:
|
Material Property Matrix:
[
]
[
]
k
xx
& k
yy
Thermal conductivity - W/mK
Stiffness Matrix When Subjected To Conduction:
[
k Thermal conductivity - W/mK
Area of the triangular element - mm
2
Stiffness Matrix When Subjected To Conduction & Convection:
If side 1-2 is subjected to convection
[] []
[] []
[
]
If side 2-3 is subjected to convection
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME2353 FEA
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 37
[] []
[] []
[
]
If side 1-3 is subjected to convection
[] []
[] []
[
]
Where
[] Strain Displacement matrix
[] Material Property matrix
t Thickness of the triangular element - mm
Area of the triangular element - mm
2
l Length of the side subjected to convection - m
h Heat transfer coefficient - W/m
2
K
Stiffness Matrix When Subjected To Convection:
If side 1-2 is subjected to convection
[]
[
]
If side 2-3 is subjected to convection
[]
[
]
If side 1-3 is subjected to convection
[]
[
]
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME2353 FEA
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 38
Force Vector For Convection:
If side 1-2 is subjected to convection
]
If side 2-3 is subjected to convection
]
If side 1-3 is subjected to convection
]
Q Heat Source - W/m
3
V Volume of triangular element - m
3
A Area of triangular element - m
2
t Thickness of the triangular element - mm
Force Vector If Heat Flux Is Given:
If side 1-2 is subjected to heat flux
]
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME2353 FEA
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 39
If side 2- 3 is subjected to heat flux
]
If side 1-3 is subjected to heat flux
]
FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS:
ONE DIMENSIONAL FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS:
Stiffness Matrix:
[]
[
]
A Area of the cross section of the pipe - m
2
k
xx
Permeability coefficient - m/s
l Length - m
Fluid Velocity:
]
{
}
[
]
[
]
For element 1
] {
}
[] Strain Displacement matrix
k
xx
Permeability coefficient - m/s
p potential - m
2
/s
Volumetric Flow Rate:
Q Flow rate - m
3
/s
v Velocity - m/s
A Area of the cross section of the pipe - m
2
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME2353 FEA
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 40
TWO DIMENSIONAL FLUID FLOW:
Stiffness Matrix:
[] []
[] []
[] Strain Displacement matrix
[] Material Property matrix
t Thickness of the triangular element - m
Area of the triangular element - m
2
Strain Displacement Matrix:
[
Area:
|
Material Property Matrix:
[
]
[
]
k
xx
& k
yy
Permeability coefficient - m/s
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME2353 FEA
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 41
Stiffness Matrix:
[
k
xx
& k
yy
Permeability coefficient - m/s
Area of the triangular element - m
2
Gradient Matrix:
{
}
[
]
{
}
[] Strain Displacement matrix
p potential matrix - m
2
/s
Velocity Gradient Matrix:
{}
[
]
{
}
[] Material Property matrix - m/s
{
}
Gradient matrix
Volumetric Flow Rate:
[
] {
}
Fluid flow rate - m
3
/s
t Thickness of the triangular element - m
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME2353 FEA
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FORMULA BOOK BY ASHOK KUMAR .R (AP / MECH) 42
Area: