4/24/2014

Chapter 6 Homework

Chapter 6 Homework
Due: 10:00pm on Friday, March 7, 2014
You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy

The Work Done in Pulling a Supertanker

Two tugboats pull a disabled supertanker. Each tug exerts a constant force of 1.60106N , one at an angle 15.0 west
of north, and the other at an angle 15.0 east of north, as they pull the tanker a distance 0.620km toward the north.

Part A
What is the total work done by the two tugboats on the supertanker?
Express your answer in joules, to three significant figures.

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

There are two ways to calculate the total work done on an object when several forces act on it. You can
compute the quantities of work done on the object by each force and then add them together. Alternatively,
you can compute the work done on the object by the net force acting on it. The hints that follow are meant to
help you to calculate the total work using the first method.

Hint 2. Find the work done by one tugboat

What is the work done on the tanker by the tugboat that exerts a force in the direction west of north?
Express your answer in joules, to three significant figures.

Hint 1. The definition of work

The work

displacement

done by a constant force F acting on an object that undergoes a straight-line

d

is given by the formula

W = F d cos

where is the angle between the direction of the force and the direction of displacement.

ANSWER:
9.58108

ANSWER:
1.92109

Correct

http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?displayMode=studentView&assignmentID=2797907

1/14

4/24/2014

Chapter 6 Homework

Exercise 6.5
A 79.0-kg painter climbs a ladder that is 2.71m long leaning against a vertical wall. The ladder makes an 34.0 angle
with the wall.

Part A
How much work does gravity do on the painter?
ANSWER:
W

= -1740

Correct

Part B
Does the answer to part A depend on whether the painter climbs at constant speed or accelerates up the ladder?
ANSWER:
Yes
No

Correct

Exercise 6.7
Two blocks are connected by a very light string passing over a massless and frictionless pulley (the figure ). Traveling at
constant speed, the 20.0-N block moves 76.0cm to the right
and the 12.0-N block moves 76.0cm downward.

http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?displayMode=studentView&assignmentID=2797907

2/14

4/24/2014

Chapter 6 Homework

Part A
During this process, how much work is done on the 12.0-N block by gravity?
ANSWER:
W

= 9.12

Correct

Part B
During this process, how much work is done on the 12.0-N block by the tension in the string?
ANSWER:
W

= -9.12

Correct

Part C
During this process, how much work is done on the 20.0-N block by gravity?
ANSWER:
W

= 0

Correct

Part D
During this process, how much work is done on the 20.0-N block by the tension in the string?
ANSWER:
W

= 9.12

Correct

Part E
During this process, how much work is done on the 20.0-N block by friction?
ANSWER:
http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?displayMode=studentView&assignmentID=2797907

3/14

4/24/2014

Chapter 6 Homework

= -9.12

Correct

Part F
During this process, how much work is done on the 20.0-N block by the normal force?
ANSWER:
W

= 0

Correct

Part G
Find the total work done on 12.0-N block.
ANSWER:
W

= 0

Correct

Part H
Find the total work done on 20.0-N block.
ANSWER:
W

= 0

Correct

Work and Kinetic Energy

Two blocks of ice, one four times as heavy as the other, are at rest on a frozen lake. A person pushes each block the
same distance d. Ignore friction and assume that an equal force F is exerted on each block.

Part A
Which of the following statements is true about the kinetic energy of the heavier block after the push?

http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?displayMode=studentView&assignmentID=2797907

4/14

4/24/2014

Chapter 6 Homework

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

The work-energy theorem states that the change in kinetic energy of an object equals the net work done on
that object:
Wtotal = K .
The work done on an object can also be related to the distance d that the object moves while being acted on
by a force F :
W = F d

where F|| is the component of F parallel to the direction of displacement.

Hint 2. Find the work done on each block

What can be said about the net work done on the heavier block?
ANSWER:
It is greater than the work done on the lighter block.
It is equal to the work done on the lighter block.
It is less than the work done on the lighter block.

Correct

ANSWER:
It is smaller than the kinetic energy of the lighter block.
It is equal to the kinetic energy of the lighter block.
It is larger than the kinetic energy of the lighter block.
It cannot be determined without knowing the force and the mass of each block.

Correct
The work-energy theorem states that the change in kinetic energy of an object equals the net work done on
that object. The only force doing work on the blocks is the force from the person, which is the same in both
cases. Since the initial kinetic energy of each block is zero, both blocks have the same final kinetic energy.

Part B
Compared to the speed of the heavier block, what is the speed of the light block after both blocks move the same
distance d?

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?displayMode=studentView&assignmentID=2797907

5/14

4/24/2014

Chapter 6 Homework

In Part A, you determined that the kinetic energy of the heavier block was the same as that of the lighter
block. Relate this to the speed of the blocks.

Hint 2. Proportional reasoning

Proportional reasoning becomes easier with practice. First relate the kinetic energies of the blocks to each
other. To accomplish this, let the subscript h refer to the heavier block and the subscript to the lighter
block. Now
Kh = K

can be written as
1
2

m h (vh )

1
2

m (v )

The problem states that the heavier block is four time as massive as the lighter block. This can be
represented by the expression
mh = 4m

Substituting this expression into the expression for kinetic energy yields
1
2

How many times larger than v2h is

(4m )(vh )

1
2

m (v )

ANSWER:
v

= 4

2
h

Correct
Now use this information to relate v to vh .

ANSWER:
one quarter as fast
half as fast
the same speed
twice as fast
four times as fast

Correct
Since the kinetic energy of the lighter block is equal to the kinetic energy of the heavier block, the lighter block
must be moving faster than the heavier block.

Part C
http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?displayMode=studentView&assignmentID=2797907

6/14

4/24/2014

Chapter 6 Homework

Now assume that both blocks have the same speed after being pushed with the same force F . What can be said
about the distances the two blocks are pushed?

Hint 1. How to approach the problem

The work-energy theorem states that the change in kinetic energy of an object equals the net work done on
that object:
Wtotal = K .
The work done on an object can also be related to the distance d that the object moves while being acted on
by a force F :
W = F d

where F|| is the component of F parallel to the direction of displacement.

Hint 2. Relate the kinetic energies of the blocks

Let the subscript
Kh

refer to the heavier block and the subscript

to the lighter block. What is the ratio

Hint 1. The kinetic energies

To relate the kinetic energies of the blocks to each other, recall that
vh = v

and
mh = 4m

ANSWER:
Kh
K

= 4

Correct
Hint 3. Compare the amount of work done on each block
In the previous hint, you found that

K h = 4K

. What is the ratio of the work done on the heavy block to the

work done on the lighter block,

Wh
W

ANSWER:
http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?displayMode=studentView&assignmentID=2797907

7/14

4/24/2014

Chapter 6 Homework
Wh
W

Correct
Now relate the amount of work done on each block to the distance each block must be pushed. Keep in
mind that the force acting on each block is the same.

ANSWER:
The heavy block must be pushed 16 times farther than the light block.
The heavy block must be pushed 4 times farther than the light block.
The heavy block must be pushed 2 times farther than the light block.
The heavy block must be pushed the same distance as the light block.
The heavy block must be pushed half as far as the light block.

Correct
Because the heavier block has four times the mass of the lighter block, when the two blocks travel with the
same speed, the heavier block will have four times as much kinetic energy. The work-energy theorem implies
that four times more work must be done on the heavier block than on the lighter block. Since the same force is
applied to both blocks, the heavier block must be pushed through four times the distance as the lighter block.

Exercise 6.14
A 1.50kg book is sliding along a rough horizontal surface. At point
slowed to 1.25m/s .

it is moving at 3.21m/s , and at point

it has

Part A
How much work was done on the book between A and B?
ANSWER:
WAB

= -6.56

Correct

Part B
If -0.750J of work is done on the book from

to C , how fast is it moving at point

ANSWER:
http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?displayMode=studentView&assignmentID=2797907

8/14

4/24/2014

Chapter 6 Homework

vC

= 0.750

m/s

Correct

Part C
How fast would it be moving at

if 0.750J of work were done on it from

to C ?

ANSWER:
vC

= 1.60

m/s

Correct

Exercise 6.20
You throw a 20-N rock vertically into the air from ground level. You observe that when it is a height 14.8m above the
ground, it is traveling at a speed of 25.9m/s upward.

Part A
Use the work-energy theorem to find its speed just as it left the ground.
ANSWER:
v0

= 31.0

m/s

Correct

Part B
Use the work-energy theorem to find its maximum height.
ANSWER:
h

= 49.0

Correct

Exercise 6.21
You are a member of an Alpine Rescue Team and must project a box of supplies up an incline of constant slope angle
h
http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?displayMode=studentView&assignmentID=2797907

9/14

4/24/2014

Chapter 6 Homework

so that it reaches a stranded skier who is a vertical distance h above the bottom of the incline. The incline is slippery,
but there is some friction present, with kinetic friction coefficient k .

Part A
Use the work-energy theorem to calculate the minimum speed you must give the box at the bottom of the incline so
that it will reach the skier. Express your answer in terms of g, h, k , and .
ANSWER:
v0

2gh1 + k cot()

Correct

Exercise 6.30
A 35.0kg crate is initially moving with a velocity that has magnitude 4.02m/s in a direction 37.0 west of north.

Part A
How much work must be done on the crate to change its velocity to 5.54m/s in a direction 63.0 south of east?
Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.
ANSWER:
W

= 254 J

Correct

Exercise 6.29
A car is traveling on a level road with speed v0 at the instant when the brakes lock, so that the tires slide rather than
roll.

Part A
Use the work-energy theorem to calculate the minimum stopping distance of the car in terms of v0 , g, and the
coefficient of kinetic friction k between the tires and the road.
ANSWER:
s

v0

2gk

http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?displayMode=studentView&assignmentID=2797907

10/14

4/24/2014

Chapter 6 Homework

Correct

Part B
By what factor would the minimum stopping distance change if the coefficient of kinetic friction were doubled ?
ANSWER:
sb
sa

= 0.5

Correct

Part C
By what factor would the minimum stopping distance change if the initial speed were doubled?
ANSWER:
sc
sa

= 4

Correct

Part D
By what factor would the minimum stopping distance change if both the coefficient of kinetic friction and the initial
speed were doubled?
ANSWER:
sd
sa

= 2

Correct

Exercise 6.32
To stretch a spring 5.00cm from its unstretched length, 19.0J of work must be done.

Part A
What is the force constant of this spring?
ANSWER:

http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?displayMode=studentView&assignmentID=2797907

11/14

4/24/2014

Chapter 6 Homework

= 1.52104

N/m

Correct
If you need to use the value of the spring constant 'k' in subsequent parts, please use the unrounded full
precision value and not the one you submitted for this part rounded using three significant figures.

Part B
What magnitude force is needed to stretch the spring 5.00cm from its unstretched length?
ANSWER:
F

= 760

Correct

Part C
How much work must be done to compress this spring 4.00 cm from its unstretched length?
ANSWER:
W

= 12.2

Correct

Part D
What force is needed to stretch it this distance?
ANSWER:
F

= 608

Correct

Exercise 6.37
A 5.0-kg box moving at 6.0m/s on a horizontal, frictionless surface runs into a light spring of force constant 80N/cm .

Part A
Use the work-energy theorem to find the maximum compression of the spring.
http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?displayMode=studentView&assignmentID=2797907

12/14

4/24/2014

Chapter 6 Homework

Express your answer using two significant figures.

ANSWER:
x

= 15

cm

Correct

Exercise 6.44

Part A
Suppose you cut a massless ideal spring in half. If the full spring had a force constant k, what is the force constant
of each half, in terms of k? (Hint: Think of the original spring as two equal halves, each producing the same force as
the entire spring. Do you see why the forces must be equal?)
Express your answer using one significant figure.
ANSWER:
kh

= 2

Correct

Part B
If you cut the spring into three equal segments instead, what is the force constant of each one, in terms of k?
Express your answer using one significant figure.
ANSWER:
kseg

= 3

Correct

Exercise 6.54
When its engine of power 75kW is generating full power, a small single-engine airplane with mass 720kg gains altitude
at a rate of 2.7m/s .

Part A
What fraction of the engine power is being used to make the airplane climb? (The remainder is used to overcome
the effects of air resistance and of inefficiencies in the propeller and engine.)
http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?displayMode=studentView&assignmentID=2797907

13/14

4/24/2014

Chapter 6 Homework

Express your answer as a percentage using two significant figures.

ANSWER:
25

Correct

Exercise 6.57
A ski tow operates on a slope of angle 16.0 of length 340m . The rope moves at a speed of 13.0km/h and provides
power for 55 riders at one time, with an average mass per rider of 73.0kg .

Part A
Estimate the power required to operate the tow.
ANSWER:
P

= 3.92104

Correct
Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 97.8%.
You received 13.69 out of a possible total of 14 points.

http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?displayMode=studentView&assignmentID=2797907

14/14