10 Feb 09 - Diet and Glycaemic Control in IDDM
10 Feb 09 - Diet and Glycaemic Control in IDDM
10 Feb 09 - Diet and Glycaemic Control in IDDM
OF DIABETES
Bambang Suprapto
Department of Nutrition
Faculty of Medicine Sebelas Maret University
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WHAT IS DIABETES ?
TYPE 1 : ABSOLUTE INSULIN DEFICIENCY
TYPE 2 : RELATIVE INSULIN DEFICIENCY
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MICROVASCULAR DISEASE :
nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy
MACROVASCULAR DISEASE : stroke,
coronary heart disease and peripheral
vascular diseases
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ENERGY REQUIREMENT
TO DETERMINE THE BASAL ENERGY EXPENDED FOR 24
HOURS, THE PATIENTS IDEAL BODY WEIGHTIN
KILOGRAMS IS MULTIPLIED BY 4.5
IF THE PERSON IS YOUNG, TALL OR MALE, 100-200 CALORIES
ARE ADDED TO THE BASAL ENERGY REQUIREMENT
IF THE PERSON IS ELDERLY, SHORT OR FEMALE, 100-200
CALORIES ARE SUBSTRACTED FROM THE BASAL ENERGY
REQUIREMENT
LIGHT ACTIVITY REQUIRES 30 % ADDED TO THE
CALCULATED BASAL ENERGY REQUIREMENT
IF THE PATIENT IS OBESE, SUBSTRACT 500-750 CALORIES
FROM THE CALCULATED DAILY ENERGY REQUIREMENT
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GLYCAEMIC INDEX
IS A CLASSIFICATION OF FOODS
BASED ON THEIR BLOOD GLUCOSE
RESPONSE RELATIVE TO WHITE
BREAD OR GLUCOSE i.e. 100 x the ratio
of the glycaemic response (the area of
glucose elevation x time) to 50 g whitebread or glucose solution
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100% : glucose
80-90% : carrots, honey, cornflakes, potato (mashed)
70-79% : bread (wholemeal), rice (white), potato, millet
60-69% : bread (white), rice (brown), banana
50-59% : spaghetti (white), sweet corn, sucrose
40-49% : spaghetti (wholemeal), potato (sweet), beans,
oranges, orange juice
30-39% : apple, ice cream, milk, yoghurt, tomato soup
20-29% : kidney beans, lentils, fructose
10-19% : soya beans, peanuts
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FIBRE
Fibre is any material that remain undigested
in the small intestine. It includes structural
fibres such as cellulose, hemicellulose and
lignin and soluble fibres such as gums and
mucilages;
The mean levels of glucosuria and
glycaemia decrease when diabetic patients
consume a high fibre diet
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