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    The document defines abbreviations for various terms used in activated sludge wastewater treatment calculations, including flow rates, biochemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, aeration tank volume, and others. It then provides typical values for parameters like organic loading, food to microorganism ratio, recycle ratio, and sludge age for different activated sludge process configurations. Finally, it includes examples of basic activated sludge mass balance and design calculations.

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    Toprak Home Page

    Uploaded by

    Syahid Muhammad
    87 views4 pages
    The document defines abbreviations for various terms used in activated sludge wastewater treatment calculations, including flow rates, biochemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, aeration tank volume, and others. It then provides typical values for parameters like organic loading, food to microorganism ratio, recycle ratio, and sludge age for different activated sludge process configurations. Finally, it includes examples of basic activated sludge mass balance and design calculations.

    Original Description:

    Conventional activated sludge process

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    The document defines abbreviations for various terms used in activated sludge wastewater treatment calculations, including flow rates, biochemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, aeration tank volume, and others. It then provides typical values for parameters like organic loading, food to microorganism ratio, recycle ratio, and sludge age for different activated sludge process configurations. Finally, it includes examples of basic activated sludge mass balance and design calculations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    87 views4 pages

    Toprak Home Page

    Uploaded by

    Syahid Muhammad
    The document defines abbreviations for various terms used in activated sludge wastewater treatment calculations, including flow rates, biochemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, aeration tank volume, and others. It then provides typical values for parameters like organic loading, food to microorganism ratio, recycle ratio, and sludge age for different activated sludge process configurations. Finally, it includes examples of basic activated sludge mass balance and design calculations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    Background...

    Abbreviations...
    Q(m 3/h)

    Flowrate

    Qo(m 3/h)

    Influentflowrate

    Qe(m 3/h)

    Effluentflowrate

    Qr(m 3/h)

    Recycledsludgeflowrate

    Qw(m 3/h)

    Wastedsludgeflowrate

    BOD(mg/L)

    Biochemicaloxygendemand

    BODo(mg/L)

    Influentbiochemicaloxygendemand

    Va(m 3)

    Aerationtankvolume

    SS(mg/L)

    Suspendedsolids(SS)

    SSe(mg/L)

    EffluentSS

    SSr,w(mg/L)

    RecycledandwastedsludgeSS

    A(m 3/h)

    Airflowrate

    MLSS(mg/L)

    Mixedliquorsuspendedsolids

    t(h)

    Hydraulicretentiontime

    OL(kgBOD/m 3.day)

    Organicloading

    F/M(kgBOD/kgMLSS.day)

    Foodtomicroorganismratio

    Recycleratio

    SA(day)

    Sludgeage

    ASR(m 3/kgBOD)

    Airsupplyrate

    E(%)

    BODremovalefficiency
    Equations...
    (1)Normally
    Qw<<QoandQe=Qo=Q

    (2)Aerationtimeorhydralicretentiontime=Volume/Flowrate

    t=Va/Q
    Typicalaerationtimes:Conventionalactivatedsludgeprocess=48hrsContactStabilization=0.51.0hrs(contacttank)Extendedaeration=24hrs(aeration
    timesareusedtodeterminevolumeofaerationtanks)
    (3)BODororganicloading=MassofBODappliedperday/Tankvolume
    OL=(Qo)(BODo)/Va
    TypicalOLvalues:Conventionalactivatedsludgeprocess=0.30.6kgBOD/m3.dayContactStabilization=1.01.2kgBOD/m3.dayExtendedaeration=
    0.160.4kgBOD/m3.day(thisisanalternativemethodfordeterminingvolume)
    (4)Foodtomicroorganismratio=MassofBODappliedperday/Massofsuspendedsolidsinaerationtank
    F/M=(Qo)(BODo)/(Va)(MLSS)
    TypicalF/Mvalues:Conventionalactivatedsludgeprocess=0.20.4kgBOD/kgMLSS.dayContactStabilization=0.20.6kgBOD/kgMLSS.day
    Extendedaeration=0.050.15kgBOD/kgMLSS.day(usedtodeterminetheneededconcentrationofMLSS)
    (5)Recycleratio=Recycleflowrate/Influentflowrate
    r=Qr/Qo
    Typicalrecycleratiovalues:Conventionalactivatedsludgeprocess=0.250.50ContactStabilization=0.251.0Extendedaeration=0.751.5(usedto
    controlconcentrationofMLSS)
    (6)Meancellresidencetimeorsludgeage=Massofsuspendedsolidsinaerationtank/Massofsolidsleavingthesystem
    SA=[(Va)(MLSS)]/[(Qe)(SSe)+(Qw)(SSw)]
    Typicalsludgeagevalues:Conventionalactivatedsludgeprocess=415dayExtendedaeration=2030day(anestimateofthelengthoftimethataverage
    suspendedsolidsorbiomassstaysintheprocess,usedtoselectvolumeandMLSSandsolidswastingrate)
    (7)Airsupplyrate=Volumeofairperunittime/Influentflow
    ASR=A/Qo
    or
    ASR=A/[(Qo)(BODo)]
    (8)BODremovalefficiency

    E(%)=[(BODoBODe)/BODo]100
    (BODremovalefficiencyisafunctionofMLSS,sludgeage,orF/MthereisusuallyanoptimumrangeofMLSS,sludgeage,andF/M)

    BasicCalculations...
    TreatmentEfficiencyExample1...
    Given:(a)BOD5ofdomesticwastewaterenteringprimaryclarifier=200mg/L,(b)BOD5removalefficiencyofactivatedsludgesystem(basedontotalBOD5inthe
    effluentfromthesecondaryclarifier)=90%
    Required:(a)EffluentBOD5and(b)OverallBOD5removalefficiency(primaryclarifier+activatedsludgesystem)
    Solution:BOD5removalefficiencyofprimaryclarifierrangesfrom30%40%.AssumeBOD5removalefficiencyof35%.
    PrimaryeffluentBOD5=(200mg/L)(10.35)=130mg/L
    ComputeBOD5infinalclarifiereffluent
    (a)FinaleffluentBOD5=(130mg/L)(10.90)=13mg/L
    Note:ComputationofprimaryeffluentBOD5concentrationdidnotconsidertheprimaryclarifiersludgewithdrawalflow.Inaddition,thisapproachdoesnotconsider
    anyBODassociatedwithrecirculationflows.
    (b)Overallefficiency=(200mg/L13mg/L)/(200mg/L)=93.5%
    ActivatedSludgeMassBalanceExample2...
    Given:Flowschematicofacompletelymixedactivatedsludgesystem.(a)Q=4.0mgd,(b)XR=8,000mg/L,(c)Qw=0.064mgd,(d)S0=200mg/L,(e)X=
    2,800mg/L,(f)Se=7mg/L,(g)V=0.861mil.gal.
    Required:Therecirculationratio,R.
    Solution:Notethatfortisproblem,thereismoreinformationthanisneededtosolvetheproblem.Tosolve,performamassbalanceatthejunctionofflows
    upstreamoftheaerationtank.MassofVSSin=MassofVSSoutTheVSSinthereturnsludgeis8,000mg/L.TheVSSintheinfluentstreammaybeconsideredto
    besmall(i.e.,equalto0).
    (Q)(0)+(R)(Q)(8,000)=[Q+(R)(Q)](2,800)
    (R)(Q)(8,000)=[Q+(R)(Q)](2,800)
    (R)(8,000)=2,800+(2,800)(R)
    (5,200)(R)=2,800
    R=0.54
    DesignoftheActivatedSludgeProcessExample3...
    Given:(a)Influentwastewaterflow=7.7mgd,(b)Volumeofaerationtanks=300,000ft3=2.24mil.gal,(c)Influenttotalsolids(TS)=600mg/L,(d)Influent
    suspendedsolids(SS)=120mg/L,(e)InfluentBOD=173mg/L,(f)EffluentTS=500mg/L,(g)EffluentSS=22mg/L,(h)EffluentBOD=20mg/L,(i)MLSS
    =2,500mg/L,(j)Recirculatedsludgeflow=2.7mgd,(k)Wastesludgeflow=54,000gpd,(l)SSinwastesludge=9,800mg/L.
    Required:(a)Aerationperiod,(b)VolumetricBODloading,(c)F/Mratio,(d)TSremovalefficiency,(e)SSremovalefficiency,(f)BODremovalefficiency,(g)Sludge
    age,(h)Recirculationratio.
    Solution:(a)Aerationperiod=Volume/Flowwithoutrecirculation=2.24mil.gal/7.7mil.gal/day=0.29day=7.0hr

    (b)VolumetricBODload=QuantityofinfluentBOD/Aerationvolume=[(173mg/L)(8.34lb/mil.gal/mg/L)(7.7mil.gal/day)]/300,000ft3=(37lb/day)/(1,000
    ft3)
    (c)FtoM=QuantityofinfluentBOD/MassofMLSSinAerationBasin
    FtoM=[(173mg/L)(8.34lb/mil.gal/mg/L)(7.7mil.gal/day)]/[(2,500mg/L)(8.34lb/mil.gal/mg/L)(2.24mil.gal)]=0.24lbBOD/day.lbMLSS
    (d)TSremovalefficiency=(600500)/600=16.7%
    (e)SSremovalefficiency=(12022)/120=81.7%
    (f)BODremovalefficiency=(17320)/173=88.4%
    (g)Sludgeage=[(MLSS)(Volume)]/[(SSe)(Qe)+(SSw)(Qw)]
    Sludgeage=[(2,500mg/L)(2.24mil.gal)(8.34lb/mil.gal/mg/L)]/[(22mg/L)(7.7mil.gal/day)(8.34lb/mil.gal/mg/L)+(9,800mg/L)(0.054mil.gal/day)
    (8.34lb/mil.gal/mg/L)]=8.0day
    (h)R=QR/Q=2.7mgd/7.7mgd=0.35
    DesignoftheActivatedSludgeProcessExample4...
    Given:Townof25,000,(b)Percapitawastewaterflow=120gpcd,(c)PercapitaBODcontribution=0.20lb/cap.day
    Required:(a)VolumeforstepaerationprocesswithmaximumvolumeticBODloadingof40lbBOD/1,000ft3/dayaminimumaerationperiodof6.0hr,(b)Calculate
    dimensionsoftwocircularfinalclarifiers.
    Solution:(a)DetermineinfluentflowandBODloadtoprimaryclarifier
    Q=(25,000cap)(120gpcd)=3mgd
    InfluentBODload=(0.20lb/cap.day)(25,000cap)=5,000lb/day
    Assume35%oftheBOD5isremovedintheprimaryclarifiers.ComputeBODloadtotheaerationbasin.
    BODloadaerationbasin=(0.65)(5,000lb/day)=3,250lb/day
    Computethevolumebasedonthevolumetricloading=(3250lb/day)/[(40lb)/(1,000day.ft3)]=81,250ft3
    Computethevolumebasedontheaerationperiod=[(3x106gal/day)(6hr)(1day/24hr)]/(7.481gal/ft3)=100,254ft3
    Useavolumeequalto100,300ft3
    (b)Typicallytheaverageoverflowrateforactivatedsludgeplantswithaflowgreaterthan1mgdis800gpd/ft2
    Totalsurfacearea=(3x106gal/day)/(800gpd/ft2)=3,750ft2
    Surfaceareaperclarifier=3,750ft2/2=1,875ft2
    [(n)(D2)]/4=1,875ft2
    D=48.9ft
    Useasidewaterdepthof11ft
    Detentiontime=[(1,875ft2)(11ft)]/[(3x106gal/day/2)(1ft3/7.481gal)]=0.10day=2.5hr
    DesignoftheActivatedSludgeProcessExample5...
    Given:Q=100,000gpd
    Required:Volumeofanextendedaerationprocess
    Solution:Theminimumaerationperiodforanextendedaerationsystemis24hr.
    Volume=(100,000gal/day)(24hr)(1/24hr/day)=13,368ft3

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