ASTM D1000 10 Standard Test Methods For Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Coated Tapes Used For
ASTM D1000 10 Standard Test Methods For Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Coated Tapes Used For
ASTM D1000 10 Standard Test Methods For Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Coated Tapes Used For
Designation: D1000 10
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing
pressure-sensitive adhesive-coated tapes to be used as electrical insulation. These tapes are classified as follows:
1.1.1 Class 1Non-elastomeric backings made from materials such as:
Paper, flat or creped,
Fabric, uncoated or coated,
Cellulose ester films,
Polyethylene terephthalate (polyester) films,
Fluorocarbon polymer films,
Composite filament films,
Polyamide films,
Polyimide films, and
Combinations thereof.
1.2 Test laminates of Class 1 and Class 2 backings according to Class 1 test methods.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards
see Section 3.
1.4 The procedures appear in the sections indicated below
and in alphabetical order:
Adhesion Strength to Steel and Backing at Room Temperature
Adhesion Strength to Steel and Backing at Low Temperatures
Bond Strength After Solvent Immersion
Breaking Strength and Elongation at Room Temperature
Breaking Strength and Elongation at Low Temperatures
Conditioning
46-53
46-53
110-115
37-45
37-45
6-8
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D09.07 on Flexible and Rigid Insulating Materials.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010. Published February 2010. Originally
approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D100009. DOI:
10.1520/D1000-10.
140-146
83-90
97-103
66-76
104-109
3
91-96
28-36
116-122
123-128
129-139
4
5
77-82
21-27
54-65
54-65
11-20
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
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D1000 10
D374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insulation
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
D3487 Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in
Electrical Apparatus
D5032 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidity by Means of Aqueous Glycerin Solutions
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
2.2 IEC Standard:
IEC 60454-3 Specification for Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive
Tapes for Electrical Purposes3
3. Hazards
3.1 The following specific substances are flammable liquids. Do not use them in the vicinity of open flames or
electrical contacts: acetone (see 50.1 and 94.1), heptane (see
50.1 and 94.1), and toluene (see 70.6). They must be stored in
closed containers, and it is imperative to clean apparatus in a
well-ventilated area.
3.2 As toluene is a toxic substance, use toluene only where
adequate ventilation is provided and in such manner as to avoid
any absorption through the skin (see 70.6).
3.3 WarningIt is possible that lethal voltages will be
present when conducting test methods which evaluate electrical properties. It is essential that the test apparatus, and all
associated equipment electrically connected to it, be properly
designed and installed for safe operation. Solidly ground all
electrically conductive parts that any person might come in
contact with during the test. Provide means for use, at the
completion of any test, to ground any parts which: were at high
voltage during the test; have the potential to acquire an
induced charge during the test; or have the potential to retain
a charge even after disconnection of the voltage source.
Thoroughly instruct all operators in the proper way to conduct
tests safely. When making high voltage tests, particularly in
compressed gas or in oil, it is possible that the energy released
at breakdown will be suffcient to result in fire, explosion, or
rupture of the test chamber. Design test equipment, test
chambers, and test specimens so as to minimize the possibility
of such occurrences and to eliminate the possibility of personal
injury.
SAMPLING
4. Sample and Specimen Requirements
4.1 The producer and consumer shall agree upon the number of rolls selected. Unless otherwise specified a minimum of
three rolls per lot shall be selected.
4.2 For sampling purposes, a lot consists of identifiable
materials of the same type, manufactured in one production run
and offered for delivery at the same time.
4.3 All test methods in this standard are intended to produce
a test value for a single roll. Any reference to averaging of
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Section
Width
14, 19
26
Thickness
Length of tape in a roll
35
44
Breaking strength
Elongation
44
52
Adhesion strength
Unwind force
Fast rate of removal
64
64
Slow rate of removal
Flagging
71
Class 1 Tape
Class 2 Tape
75
Thermosetting properties
81
89
Dielectric breakdown voltage
Insulation resistance at high humidity
95
102
Effect of accelerated aging
Flammability
108
Bond strength after solvent immersion
114
121
Oil resistance
Puncture resistance
127
129, 133
Resistance to accelerated aging
Curling and twisting
140
Tests per
SpecimenA
Specimens
ReportB
per RollA
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
avg
avg
value
avg
avg
avg
1
3
1
1
value
avg
3
1
1
3
5
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
1
2
3
3
4
5
6
3
avg
avg
avg
avg
med
avg
avg
avg
avg
avg
avg
avg
A
When referee testing is involved, use an average of 5 determinations wherever
1 or 3 are specified above.
B
Minimum and maximum values are also occasionally required when average
values are reported.
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D1000 10
CONDITIONING
6. Terminology
6.1 Definitions:
6.1.1 conditioning, nthe exposure of a material to the
influence of a prescribed atmosphere for a stipulated period of
time or until a stipulated relation is reached between material
and atmosphere.
7. Significance and Use
7.1 The physical and electrical properties such as adhesion,
elongation, breaking strength, and dielectric breakdown will
vary with temperature and moisture content. Actual service
results are influenced by these factors. In order that test
methods yield consistent and reproducible results, control the
temperature and moisture content of the sample or specimen.
8. Conditioning for Room Temperature Measurements
8.1 Condition all rolls of tape for a minimum of 24 h to a
temperature of 23 6 5 C (73 6 9 F) before removing
specimens for test.
8.2 Condition all test specimens for a period of 1 h in a
controlled atmosphere at 23 6 5 C (73 6 9 F) and 50 6 10 %
relative humidity prior to testing.
8.3 Unless otherwise specified, testing shall be conducted at
23 6 5 C (73 6 9 F) and 50 6 10 % relative humidity.
8.4 For referee testing purposes, subject all sample rolls to
a controlled laboratory temperature of 23 6 1C (73.4 6 1.8
F) for a minimum period of 24 h before removing specimens
for test.
8.5 Unless otherwise specified, condition all referee test
specimens for a period of 1 h in a controlled laboratory
atmosphere at 23 6 1C (73.4 6 1.8 F) and 50 6 2 % relative
humidity.
8.6 Unless otherwise specified, referee testing shall be
conducted at 23 6 1C (73.4 6 1.8 F) and 50 6 2 % relative
humidity.
9. Conditioning for Low Temperature Measurements
9.1 Elastomeric backings of Class 2 tapes have the potential
to be subject to cold temperature tests. Condition elastomeric
backings of Class 2 tapes for cold temperature tests by placing
prepared specimens or rolls of tape in a cold room for at least
2 h at the desired temperature (example temperatures: 10 C, 0
C, -10 C, -18 C).
10. Apparatus for Low Temperature Conditioning
10.1 Cold room or cold chamber capable of maintaining the
desired cold temperatures during testing.
WIDTH OF TAPE
Method ASteel Ruler
11. Apparatus
11.1 A steel scale having divisions at 0.5 mm or 164-in.
intervals.
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D1000 10
THICKNESS
21. Terminology
21.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
21.1.1 thickness, nthe perpendicular distance between the
opposite surfaces of pressure-sensitive adhesive tape as determined in accordance with this test method.
22. Significance and Use
22.1 The thickness is of value in controlling uniformity and
providing design data, as well as for use in determining
physical and electrical properties.
23. Apparatus
23.1 Thickness GaugeA dead weight thickness gauge as
prescribed in Apparatus C of Test Methods D374, with the
following modifications:
23.1.1 Presser Foot Diameter6 mm (14 in.).
23.1.2 Anvil Diameter6 mm to 50 mm (14 to 2 in.).
23.1.3 A weighted presser foot so that the total pressure
applied to a specimen is equal to 50 6 5 kPa (7.6 6 0.5 psi).
Calibrate the gauge for the actual load exerted by the presser
foot.
23.1.3.1 Any commercial instrument that satisfies 23.1.3,
including a hand-held micrometer, is permissible for the
thickness measurement.
24. Test Specimens
24.1 In accordance with 5.2 and Section 8, prepare and
condition specimens of tape of a single thickness a minimum
length of 450 mm (18 in.). Let flexible specimens relax for at
least 2 min before testing.
25. Procedure
25.1 Place the test specimen upon the anvil of the gauge,
smoothly, with adhesive side down, but without tension. Lower
the presser foot onto the tape gradually to minimize any impact
force, allowing it to rest upon the tape for 2 s, and then observe
the reading to the nearest 0.0025 mm (0.0001 in.) of the
thickness gauge scale. Make sure no air bubbles are trapped.
25.2 Take three measurements uniformly distributed over
the surface of the test specimen.
26. Report
26.1 Report the following information:
26.1.1 The average thickness to the nearest 0.0025 mm
(0.0001 in.) plus the maximum and minimum, if specified.
27. Precision and Bias
27.1 Data obtained from a round-robin investigation on
several types of pressure-sensitive adhesive tape indicate that
thickness measurements within a single laboratory can be
expected to fall within 65 % of the mean value, and that
measurements between laboratories can be expected to fall
within 610 % of the overall mean value.4
4
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D09-1008.
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D1000 10
wind-up roll that can be used to either manually or automatically unwind the roll of tape. See Fig. 1.
34. Procedure
34.1 Determine the number of rolls to be tested for length in
accordance with the schedule described in Section 4. Use only
full rolls of tape. Do not remove any outer layer.
34.2 Mount the roll on the shaft adjacent to the sensor.
Position the roll and length sensor so that the sensor is in
contact with the circumference of the roll and the leading end
of the roll is directly under the sensor. Zero the sensor and
manually pull the leading edge of the tape and fix it to the
wind-up roll. At the start of the unwinding, make sure that the
length sensor maintains good contact with the roll and does not
slip or bind. After unwinding is completed, take the reading of
the length sensor.
35. Report
35.1 Report the following information:
35.1.1 The length of tape in each roll to the nearest 0.1 m
(0.1 yd).
36. Precision and Bias
36.1 These test methods have been in use for many years,
but no statement of precision has been made and no activity is
planned to develop such a statement.
36.2 These test methods have no bias because the value for
length is defined in terms of these test methods.
BREAKING STRENGTH AND ELONGATION
37. Terminology
37.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
37.1.1 breaking strength of pressure-sensitive adhesive tape,
nthe force required, per unit width, to break the tape when
tested under prescribed conditions.
37.1.2 elongation of pressure-sensitive adhesive tape,
nthe increase in length at break when the tape is tested under
prescribed conditions.
37.1.2.1 DiscussionIn the case of Class 1 tapes, the
elongation may include creep in the jaws which is often
partially compensated for by necking of the specimen.
38. Significance and Use
38.1 Breaking StrengthBreaking strength of tape is important as a measurement of its uniformity, quality, and ability
to withstand tensile stress in application and service.
39. Apparatus
39.1 Testing MachineA testing machine of the constantrate-of-extension (CRE) type is preferred. Equip the machine
with a device for recording the tensile load and the amount of
separation of the grips (Note 5) such that both of these
measuring systems are accurate to 62 % of the breaking load
or the amount of separation of the grips. The apparatus must be
capable of providing smooth, uniform jaw movement during
testing, and the rate adjustable in increments necessary to
produce strain rates that are specified for the materials under
test. Equip the machine with a load cell with a capacity such
that the breaking load of the material under test falls between
10 and 90 % of the maximum capacity of the load cell.
NOTE 5A high response speed in the recording system is desirable,
particularly when relatively high strain rates are employed. The speed of
pen response for recorders is supplied by manufacturers of this equipment.
Take care to conduct tests at conditions such that response time (ability of
recorder to follow actual load) will produce less than 2 % error.
39.2 Extension IndicatorA suitable instrument for determining the distance between two fixed points located within
the gauge length of the test specimen at any time during the
test. It is desirable, but not essential, that this instrument
automatically record this distance as a function of the load on
the test specimen, or of the elapsed time for the start of the test,
or both. If only the latter is obtained, also take load-time data.
The extension indicator will usually have a separation of 25
mm (1 in.) between points and be a minimum of 25 mm (1 in.)
from both the top and bottom jaws.
39.3 Holding FixturesUse holding fixtures of any one of
the following types, provided that the fixture does not cut the
specimen or cause slippage:
39.3.1 Air JawsA device that can be fitted with various
types of grips that will clamp onto a specimen through lever
arms actuated by compressed air cylinders built into the body.
The design provides a high gripping force with standard air
pressure. Increased air pressure raises the gripping force to
accommodate materials that are often difficult to hold in other
types of grips.
39.3.2 Drum JawsTwo smooth cylindrical metallic
drums, 50 mm (2 in.) in diameter with a minimum length of 38
mm (112 in.), suitably marked to aid in proper specimen
alignment.
NOTE 6While drum jaws are permissible, they are not preferred. The
design of drum jaws makes it extremely difficult to identify accurately the
gauge length between jaws.
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39.3.4 GripsFor manual jaws.
39.3.4.1 Line Contact grips have faces designed to concentrate the entire gripping force along a single line perpendicular to the direction of testing stress. This is usually done by
combining one standard flat face with an opposing face from
which protrudes a half-round.
39.3.4.2 Flat Faced grips have their surfaces finished in
order to give the best clamping force on the material for test.
The choice is determined largely by practical experience with
the materials tested. It is acceptable for the faces to be
smooth-ground, rubber-coated, or serrated. In general, the
smooth-ground surface offers high gripping efficiency with
most flat materials. The rubber-coated surface is of value with
materials that tend to be weakened by pinching at the edge of
the jaw face. The serrated surface is recommended for stronger
materials that require the greatest gripping action.
It is acceptable to use double-coated tape to reinforce
gripping, by applying a thin piece of tape on each side of the
flat grips.
39.3.4.3 Cold ChamberFor cold temperatures testing, if a
cold chamber is used for conditioning, it must be equipped
with a slot suitable for inserting the tape.
39.3.4.4 GlovesWhite cotton for handling very cold
samples.
40. Conditioning
40.1 Condition rolls of tape or specimens according to
Sections 6-10 for either room or low temperature testing.
41. Test Specimens
41.1 Select specimens in accordance with 5.2 and Section 8.
Use specimens that are the width of the tape as received if
possible. If it is necessary to trim the specimens due to the
machine or jaw width limitations, take extreme care since hand
trimming has the potential to materially affect the test results.
See 5.3 for recommended procedures to slit narrower widths.
Put benchmarks on the specimens, if needed.
42. Procedure
42.1 Air Jaws or Manual JawsPosition the crosshead at
the desired gauge length and insert the specimen in the grips.
Tighten the movable grip first. If this process applies a preload
on the specimen, do not change the balance adjustment to
compensate for it. Adjust the initial length of the specimen
between contact points to 100 mm (4 in.).
42.2 Drum JawsHold the test specimen in place by
placing approximately three quarters of a turn of the tape
around each holding fixture with the adhesive side in contact
with the drum. Place the tape in the center of the drums with
the edges parallel to the scribed lines. Adjust the initial length
of the specimen between contact points to 100 mm (4 in.).
42.3 Use a constant jaw speed of 300 6 13 mm/min (12 6
12 in./min), unless otherwise specified.
42.4 Discard breaks that occur at the jaws. Make a minimum of three acceptable determinations.
43. Calculation
43.1 Read the breaking strength directly from the recording
chart or digital readout.
(3)
where:
D 1 = original distance between jaws or benchmarks, and
D2 = distance at instant of break or rupture between jaws
or benchmarks.
44. Report
44.1 Report the following information:
44.1.1 Temperature conditions,
44.1.2 Average breaking strength expressed in newtons per
10 mm of width (N/10 mm) or in pounds-force per inch of
width, plus the maximum and minimum, if specified, and
44.1.3 Average percent elongation, plus the maximum and
minimum, if specified.
45. Precision and Bias
45.1 Data obtained from a round-robin investigation on
several types of pressure-sensitive adhesive tape indicate that
breaking-strength measurements within a single laboratory can
be expected to fall within 615 % of the mean value, and
elongation measurements to within 625 % of the mean value.
Among different laboratories they can be expected to fall
within 620 % and 630 %, respectively, of the overall mean
value.4
45.2 A statement of bias is not applicable in view of the
unavailability of a standard reference material for these properties.
ADHESION STRENGTH TO STEEL AND BACKING
46. Terminology
46.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
46.1.1 adhesion strength of pressure-sensitive adhesive
tape, nthe force necessary to remove the tape from a
prescribed surface when measured in accordance with this test
method.
47. Significance and Use
47.1 In many applications the use of a pressure-sensitive
adhesive tape depends upon adhesion strength to give satisfactory performance. The adhesion property is also important in
determining the uniformity of quality.
48. Apparatus
48.1 Testing MachineA constant rate of extension (CRE)
testing machine shall be used. The testing machine shall have
two clamps with centers in the same plane, parallel with the
direction of the motion of the stressing clamp, and so aligned
that the clamps will hold the specimen entirely in the same
plane. The instrument shall be calibrated to an accuracy of 1 %
of full scale and the scale range of any test shall be such that
the mean test level falls within 10 to 90 % of full scale. Equip
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D1000 10
NOTE 7For referee testing, use new cleaned steel panels.
50.2 Remove the specimen from the roll. Let it relax for
about 2 min or more. Apply it, adhesive side down, to the
polished surface of the panel. Apply the specimen so that a
125-mm (5-in.) length extends beyond one end of the panel.
50.3 For tapes less than 25 mm (1 in.) wide, cut other strips
from the same sample roll and apply parallel and adjacent to
the test specimen to provide a total width of approximately 25
mm (1 in.) for rolling purposes only. Then, pass the roller,
without application of additional pressure, over the backing of
the tape lengthwise, once in each direction at the rate of
approximately 300 mm/min (12 in./min). After the tape is on
the panel for 20 min (50.3.1), double back the free end of the
test specimen at an angle of 180 and peel 25 mm (1 in.) of the
tape off the panel at the doubled end. Clamp this portion of the
exposed panel in the lower jaw of the testing machine and
place the free end of the tape in the upper jaw. Use a jaw travel
rate of 300 mm/min (12 in./min). After the first 25 mm (1 in.)
of tape is removed from the panel, read the specimen adhesion
over the next 50 mm (2 in.). Do not take any readings during
the removal of the last 25 mm (inch) of tape from the panel.
50.3.1 It is acceptable, in order to expedite testing, to
measure the adhesion immediately after application of the tape
to the panel, except for referee testing. This procedure results
in slightly lower and more variable values.
50.4 Test double-sided tapes by removing the liner material
and covering the adhesive surface not under test with soft
tissue paper, such as facial tissue.
50.5 If the glass tapes have the potential to break on 180
pullback, reinforce them with another thickness of the same
tape. Report this modification.
50.6 Adhesion to BackingConduct the test of the adhesion
of a tape to its own backing in a similar manner, except first
affix a strip of the tape under test to each test panel with both
ends wrapped around the ends of the panel. Use clean steel
plates. Follow the procedure described in 50.1-50.3 except
apply the test specimen to the tape backing rather than to the
steel panel. Both test specimen and tape backing are to be used
once.
51. Procedure for Low Temperatures Testing
51.1 For low temperature measurements, specimens prepared in Section 49 will be conditioned for 2 h according to
Sections 9 and 10 before testing. Use white cotton gloves for
handling very cold samples.
52. Report
52.1 Report the following information:
52.1.1 Testing temperatures,
52.1.2 Kind of test (to steel or to backing), and
52.1.3 Average of the three test values for each kind of test
expressed in newtons per 10 mm of width (N/10 mm) or in
ounces-force per inch of width, plus the maximum or minimum, if specified.
53. Precision and Bias
53.1 For adhesion to steel, in a round-robin investigation
involving two laboratories and several types of pressuresensitive adhesive tapes (plastic, cloth, and paper-backed
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D1000 10
7
The sole source of supply of the variable-speed unwind machine meeting these
requirements known to the committee at this time is Chemsultants International,
9349 Hamilton Drive, Mentor, OH 44061-1118. If you are aware of alternative
suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters.
Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
technical committee,1 which you may attend.
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D1000 10
roll of the machine operates at the test speed while it is
acceptable to operate the wind-up mandrel through a slip
clutch.
56.2 Test Jig8A free-turning roller assembly similar to
that shown in Fig. 4. The free-turning wheel or drum of the
assembly shall fit snugly into the core of the tape.
57. Conditioning
57.1 Condition rolls of tape or specimens according to
Sections 6-10 for either room or low temperature testing, as
needed.
58. Test Specimen
58.1 Use a roll of pressure-sensitive adhesive tape as
received and a minimum length of 18 m (20 yd) as the test
specimen. Discard the first three layers of tape before making
the measurement.
59. Procedure
59.1 Place the roll of tape on the free-turning roller assembly. Thread the tape over the pull roll and attach it to a core on
the wind-up mandrel. Check the zero reading on the scale.
Operate the machine from the scale. Run off approximately 10
m (10 yd) for each test. Conduct one test on each roll.
Method BSlow Rate of Removal
60. Apparatus
60.1 Use the testing machine and fixtures described in 56.1
and 56.2.
61. Conditioning
61.1 Condition rolls of tape or specimen according to
Sections 6-10 for either room or low temperature testing, as
needed.
8
The sole source of supply of the test jig for 3-in. (75 mm) cores meeting these
requirements known to the committee at this time is Chemsultants International,
9349 Hamilton Drive, Mentor, OH 44061-1118. If you are aware of alternative
suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters.
Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
technical committee,1 which you may attend.
66. Terminology
66.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
66.1.1 flagging, nthe lifting of an end of pressuresensitive adhesive tape that has been applied to a curved
surface, thus forming a flag or tab tangent to the surface.
67. Significance and Use
67.1 Knowledge of the flagging characteristics of tape is
useful in determining whether such properties as thickness,
stiffness, and adhesion have been properly balanced for applications where flagging has the potential to occur.
Method AFor Class 1 Tape
68. Apparatus
68.1 Winding FixtureA device designed to hold a metal
rod at each end and fitted with a crank or other device to rotate
the rod so that it is possible to wind the specimen thereon.
Attach the fixture to a rigid support with the rod held in a
horizontal position.
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68.2 RodsAny suitable metal of 3 mm (18 in.) or 6 mm
( in.) in diameter and 125 mm (5 in.) long. Rods of other
diameters are acceptable if agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
68.3 WeightA mass of 500 6 1 g provided with a hook or
other means of attaching to the specimen.
68.4 Rule, graduated in millimetres.
68.5 Board or Block, a device made of wood or aluminum
to hold the wrapped rods in a near-vertical position.
14
NOTE 8As the tape is being wound up rely only on the weight to get
smooth overlap. Avoid juggling or touching the tape to direct it during the
wind up.
74. Procedure
74.1 Secure a strip of tape to a rod held in the winding
fixture and tilted approximately 35 to the horizontal position.
Attach the weight specified in 72.3 to the lower end of the tape.
After 1 min under tension, slowly rotate the rod and tilt the
fixture so that the strip of tape wraps for the length of the rod
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D1000 10
76. Precision and Bias
76.1 No statement is made about either the precision or bias
of these test methods since the result merely states whether
there is conformance to the criteria for success specified in the
procedure.
THERMOSETTING PROPERTIES
77. Scope
77.1 Thermosetting pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes are
produced with adhesives that cure after exposure to heat. The
curing reaction involved is not reversible, and tapes once
heat-cured remain cured. Thermosetting properties are measured by a bond separation test and are reported as the time to
failure of a heat-cured adhesive-to-adhesive bond under a
prescribed load at a specified temperature.
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Temperature, C
Time, h
130
130
200
2
2
3
D1000 10
80.2 Place three assemblies of adhesive-to-adhesive specimens on the shelf of an oven maintained at the thermosetting
temperature for the time specified in the preceding table with
no stress on the bond. Remove the assemblies from the oven,
and allow them to cool for 5 min. Hang the specimens
vertically in the oven at the test temperature with a 500-g
weight fastened to one end of each specimen. Continue the test
for a prescribed time, or until failure occurs by bond separation. Calculate the average time of bond separation. Compare
with the prescribed time of failure.
81. Report
81.1 Report the following information:
81.1.1 Pass or fail depending on the requirements of the
reference specification.
82. Precision and Bias
82.1 No statement is made about either the precision or bias
of these test methods since the result merely states whether
there is conformance to the criteria for success specified in the
procedure.
DIELECTRIC BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE
83. Terminology
83.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
83.1.1 dielectric breakdown voltage of pressure-sensitive
adhesive tape, nthe potential difference at which dielectric
failure occurs under prescribed conditions, in a single layer of
pressure-sensitive adhesive tape located between two electrodes.
84. Significance and Use
84.1 The measure of dielectric breakdown voltage of a tape
is an indication of its ability to withstand electric stress. This
value does not correspond to the dielectric strength expected in
service, but is a numerical value potentially useful for purchase
by specification as an indication of quality and for comparison
of different tapes or different lots of the same tape, and to a
limited degree for design work when coupled with experience.
The comparison of dielectric breakdown voltage of different
tapes after exposure to widely differing moisture conditions
gives an indication of the quality of the compound used in the
tape backing as a moisture resistant dielectric material.
85. Electrodes
85.1 Use a testing device whereby the test specimen is held
under pressure between methyl silicone rubber washers (see
Note 9) while voltage is applied to prevent flashover around the
edges of the specimen tested. Two forms of this tester are fully
described in the Appendix to Test Methods D295. The electrodes which are a part of the test fixture are 6 mm (14 in.) in
diameter and conform to the description of Type 3 electrodes
specified for narrow materials (tape) in Test Method D149.
NOTE 9To prevent flashover, other types of track resistant rubber can
also be used, as described in Test Methods D295. Use of fluorinet or other
electronic liquid will help prevent flashover also.
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92. Apparatus
92.1 ElectrodesUse 6-mm ( -in.) square stainless steel,
brass or copper bars having the side in contact with the tape
polished smooth and flat and the corners slightly rounded.
Mount the electrodes in such a way that the tape under test is
clamped between electrode pairs spaced 25 mm (1 in.) from
edge to edge. Use a guard so that only the current flowing in
the tape is measured.9 Design the guard circuit in conformance
with the requirements of Test Methods D257. One arrangement, suitable for testing a number of tapes at the same time,
has several rows of electrodes mounted on the inside of the
cover of the humidity chamber as shown in Fig. 7. A
satisfactory method of attaching guarded electrodes to the
cover and bringing out a terminal for each electrode is shown
in Fig. 8.
92.2 Measuring EquipmentA source of stable directvoltage potential within the range from 100 to 130 V and a
means of measuring currents ranging from 0.001 to 1000 A.
Stable direct-voltage power supplies are satisfactory voltage
sources. Recommended meter is any quality, high resistance,
solid state measuring instrument, with a suitable resistance
range, as described in Test Methods D257, that will impress the
required potential on the sample and cover the required
conductance range.
14
9
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
are holding clips made from heat-treated Brylco 25. If you are aware of alternative
suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters.
Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
technical committee,1 which you may attend.
FIG. 7 Electrode Arrangement for Insulation Resistance (Indirect Electrolytic Corrosion) Tests
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Metric Equivalents
D
mm
45
29
in.
1 34
1 18
5 16
G
6 3 6 3 45
3 1 4 3 1 3 4
14
25
38
1 1 2
14
FIG. 8 Method of Attaching Electrodes to Cover for Insulation Resistance (Indirect Electrolytic Corrosion) Tests
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101.1 Condition one specimen for 168 h as described in 8.5.
Wrap three strips of metal foil not more than 0.0125 mm
(0.0005 in.) in thickness and 25 mm (1 in.) wide, tightly on
each specimen equally spaced from each other and from the
ends of the rod. Using the rod as one electrode and the foil as
the other, determine the dielectric breakdown voltage at each
foil strip, in accordance with 88.1.
101.2 Age the other specimen for 16 h at 250 6 3 C (482
6 2 F) in the oven, remove, and allow to cool for 4 h at the
conditions described in 8.5. Determine the dielectric breakdown voltage as prescribed in 101.1.
102. Report
102.1 Report the following information:
102.1.1 Average breakdown voltage under each condition
plus the maximum and minimum, and
102.1.2 Percent gain or loss in breakdown voltage as a result
of heat aging.
103. Precision and Bias
103.1 No statement is made about either the precision or
bias of these test methods since the result merely states whether
there is conformance to the required criteria specified in the
procedure.
FLAMMABILITY
104. Significance and Use
104.1 The burning characteristics exhibited by a pressuresensitive adhesive tape wound on a brass rod and ignited in a
horizontal position are a measure of flammability. This test
method differentiates among tapes having widely different
burning characteristics but is less precise in differentiating
among tapes within a narrow range of burning characteristics.
The usefulness of this test method is primarily for specification
purposes as the actual amount of tape used in any specific
application and its configuration are likely to alter the burning
characteristics.
104.2 This standard is used to measure and describe the
response of materials, products, or assembies to heat and flame
under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate
all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the
materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
104.3 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in
conducting these tests.
105. Apparatus and Materials
105.1 Brass RodA minimum of three straight clean rods,
3 mm (18 in.) in diameter and 300 mm (12 in.) long, free of any
burned material.
105.2 Winding FixtureA device designed to support a
brass rod by the ends with a crank or other device to rotate the
rod from either end to wind the tape specimens on the rod.
Attach the fixture to a rigid support to allow tilting to the
proper angle needed to achieve the correct lap in winding the
tape.
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108. Report
108.1 Report the following information:
108.1.1 All the values and the median, and
108.1.2 Pass or fail depending on the requirement of the
reference specification.
109. Precision and Bias
109.1 No statement is made about either the precision or
bias of this test method since the result merely states whether
there is conformance to the criteria for success specified in the
procedure.
BOND STRENGTH AFTER SOLVENT IMMERSION
110. Terminology
110.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
110.1.1 bond strength after solvent immersion of a pressuresensitive adhesive tape, nthe force required to separate by
shear a cured bond after immersion in a typical varnish solvent
under designated conditions of test.
110.1.1.1 DiscussionIt is measured as a tensile load in
newtons per 10 mm of width or in pounds per inch of width at
bond failure.
111. Significance and Use
111.1 Bond strength is a measure of the resistance of a cured
tape adhesive to action of a specific solvent. In use, variations
in tape width will produce varying results due to change in
relative edge area for solvent action. The test is suitable for
product development, specification acceptance and service
evaluation. It is limited in that adhesion to itself or backing
only are considered, while in use tapes are generally adhered to
various surfaces. Also, the solvent action is at room temperature, while often hot solvent action occurs in application.
Differences in test results of less than 90 g/mm (5 lb/in.) of
width have no significance.
112. Test Specimens
112. Prepare specimens in accordance with 79.1.
113. Procedure
113.1 Bond Strength to AdhesiveCure three adhesive-toadhesive specimens in an air-circulating oven maintained at
130 6 2 C (266 6 3.6 F) for 2 h or in accordance with the
manufacturers recommendations. After curing, remove specimens from the oven and allow to cool to room temperature.
Immerse the specimens for 16 h at room temperature in a
specified solvent. Place the specimens on clean blotting paper
or towel for 30 min, then determine the breaking force to break
the bond in accordance with Section 42, using clamp-type
holding fixtures.
113.2 Bond Strength to BackingConduct the bond
strength to backing determination in a similar manner to 113.1,
except use specimens with the adhesive-to-backing. Calculate
the average bond strength in newtons per 10 mm of width, or
pounds-force per inch of width.
114. Report
114.1 Report the following information:
114.1.1 Curing conditions,
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conditions for a minimum of 24 h before testing. Immerse the
panel completely in the test fluid for 72 h at 50 6 2 C in a
vertical position with the free ends of the specimens adhered to
the back of the panel. After removal from the fluid, place the
assemblies, specimen side down, on a clean blotting paper or
towel for 30 min. Measure the adhesion of each specimen in
accordance with 50.3.
120.2 Adhesion to BackingFor effect of oil on adhesion to
backing, apply 6-mm (14-in.) or wider strips to the panel in
accordance with 50.3, except wrap both ends around the panel
as prescribed in 50.6. Apply 6-mm (14-in.) wide specimens to
these strips as prescribed in 50.2, immerse in oil, remove, and
measure adhesion to backing as prescribed in 50.6.
121. Report
121.1 Report the following information:
121.1.1 Identification of the fluid used,
121.1.2 Kind of test (adhesion to steel or to backing), and
121.1.3 Average of the four specimen adhesions in newtons
per 10 mm of width, or ounces-force per inch of width, plus the
maximum and minimum, if specified.
122. Precision and Bias
122.1 This test method has been in use for many years, but
no statement of precision has been made and no activity is
planned to develop such a statement.
122.2 This test method has no bias because the value for oil
resistance is defined in terms of this test method.
PUNCTURE RESISTANCE
123. Significance and Use
123.1 Puncture resistance is a test to measure the resistance
of a tape to puncture by a rounded probe. Puncture resistance
is important because of the possibility that objects with
irregular surfaces or relatively sharp contours (such as wire or
laminate) will be present in the application and have the
potential to cause a rupture in the tape.
124. Apparatus
124.1 Testing Equipment, in accordance with Section 48.
124.2 Test Fixture, as shown in Fig. 9.
125. Test Specimens
125.1 Select test specimens and condition them in accordance with Sections 5 and 8.
125.2 Prepare five test specimens that are 25 mm (1 in.) by
75 mm (3 in.).
126. Procedure
126.1 Install the test fixture in the testing machine. Zero the
testing machine to compensate for the weight and frictional
drag of the test fixture.
126.2 Place each specimen adhesive side down over the
hole in the lower fixture and securely clamp with the clamping
device provided.
126.3 Run the testing machine with a crosshead speed of 50
mm/min (2 in./min). The maximum force recorded is defined
as the puncture force.
mm,
mm,
mm, and
mm.
126.4 Determine the puncture resistance for all five specimens and calculate the puncture force by averaging the five
values.
127. Report
127.1 Report the average puncture force in newtons or
pounds and the minimum and maximum, if specified.
128. Precision and Bias
128.1 This test method has been in use for many years, but
no statement of precision has been made and no activity is
planned to develop such a statement.
128.2 This test method has no bias because the value for
puncture resistance is defined in terms of this test method.
RESISTANCE TO ACCELERATED AGING
(HEAT AND MOISTURE)
Adhesion to Steel and Backing
129. Terminology
129.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
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129.1.1 resistance to accelerated aging, nthe characteristics of pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes to withstand the effects
of combined elevated temperature and high humidity for a
prescribed test period as measured by changes in the adhesion
to backing.
130. Significance and Use
130.1 Pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes are subject to a
wide range of environmental and physical conditions in service. This test is a measure of the stability of the tape upon
exposure to one type of severe environmental condition.
131. Apparatus
131.1 Testing Equipment, in accordance with Section 48.
131.2 Humidity Chamber, maintained at 90 6 2 % relative
humidity and 65 6 1C (149 6 1.8 F) in accordance with
Practice D5032.
Adhesion to Steel Panel
132. Test Specimens
132.1 Use test specimens in accordance with Section 49.1.
132.2 Prepare six specimens from each roll in accordance
with 50.6.
133. Procedure
133.1 Test three specimens in accordance with the procedure of 50.6 to determine the original or as-received value.
133.2 Place three specimens in the humidity chamber described in 131.2 for 168 h. Remove the specimens from the
chamber and condition them as described in 8.5. Determine
adhesion to backing in accordance with 50.6.
134. Report
134.1 Report the following information:
134.1.1 Average of the three test values expressed in newtons per 10 mm of width (N/10 mm) or in ounces force per
width of the nominal width as received,
134.1.2 Average of the three test values expressed in newtons per 10 mm of width (N/10 mm) or in ounces force per
width of the nominal width determined after the accelerated
aging condition, and
134.1.3 Percentage gain or loss from the original or asreceived values.
135. Precision and Bias
135.1 This test method has been in use for many years, but
no statement of precision has been made and no activity is
planned to develop such a statement.
135.2 This test method has no bias because the value for
resistance to accelerated aging is defined in terms of this test
method.
Adhesion to Backing
136. Test Specimens
136.1 Use test specimens prepared in accordance with
Section 41.
136.2 Prepare six specimens from each roll in accordance
with 50.6.
137. Procedure
137.1 Test three specimens in accordance with the procedure of 50.6 to determine the original or as-received value.
137.2 Place three specimens in the humidity chamber described in 131.2 for 168 h (7 days). Remove the specimens
from the chamber and condition them as described in 8.5.
Determine adhesion to backing in accordance with 50.6.
138. Report
138.1 Report the following information for adhesion to
backing:
138.1.1 Average of the three test values expressed in newtons per 10 mm of width (N/10 mm) or in ounces-force per
inch of the nominal width as received,
138.1.2 Average of the three test values expressed in newtons per 10 mm (N/10 mm) of width or in ounces-force per
inch or of the nominal width determined after the accelerated
aging condition, and
138.1.3 Percentage gain or loss from the original or asreceived values.
139. Precision and Bias
139.1 This test method has been in use for many years, but
no statement of precision has been made and no activity is
planned to develop such a statement.
139.2 This test method has no bias because the value for
resistance to accelerated aging is defined in terms of this test
method.
CURLING AND TWISTING
140. Terminology
140.1 DefinitionsGeneral terms in this test method are
defined in Terminology D1711.
141. Significance and Use
141.1 This test method will provide information on the
relative tendency of materials to curl, twist, or form into a tube
with edges touching edges. The amount of each is a predicator
of the difficulty one might experience in handling strips of any
length of unwound tape during their application.
142. Apparatus
142.1 Free-Turning Spindle, (Fig. 4) sized to fit snugly
inside the sample tape core, with its axis firmly supported
horizontally and adjustable in height directly above a horizontal platform. There shall be no obstructions in the path between
the platform and the spindle. It is acceptable to use as the
horizontal platform a bench or the floor.
143. Test Specimens
143.1 The test specimen shall be the strip of tape unwound
from the originally wound sample roll during performance in
accordance with procedure section.
143.1.1 No restrictions in the width of the sample (or the
specimen) are made except a practical limitation due to the
high unwind force that might result from wide tape rolls.
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NOTE 11This test method calls for a specific unwind rate which could
be difficult to meet with high levels of unwind force.
Then:
A=
180 A =
180 + A =
360 A =
360 + A =
540 A =
540 + A =
720 A =
720 + A =
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee D09 has identified the location of selected changes to these test methods since the last issue,
D100009, that may impact the use of these test methods. (Approved January 1, 2010)
(1) Revised the standard throughout to eliminate nonmandatory
language.
Committee D09 has identified the location of selected changes to these test methods since the last issue,
D1000041, that may impact the use of these test methods. (Approved October 15, 2009)
(1) Revised 104.2 and added new 104.3.
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