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    Makna Echo

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    ifan's
    This document provides guidelines for interpreting measurements of cardiac chambers and valves obtained via echocardiography. It includes reference ranges for determining the severity of conditions affecting the right atrium and ventricle, left atrium and ventricle, mitral valve, tricuspid valve, aortic valve, and pulmonary valve. Measurements of chamber sizes, wall thickness, volumes, ejection fraction, and valve hemodynamics such as pressure gradients and regurgitant volumes are presented for grading abnormalities as normal, mild, moderate, or severe. The guidelines are intended to standardize the evaluation of echocardiograms.

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    Makna Echo

    Uploaded by

    ifan's
    118 views5 pages
    This document provides guidelines for interpreting measurements of cardiac chambers and valves obtained via echocardiography. It includes reference ranges for determining the severity of conditions affecting the right atrium and ventricle, left atrium and ventricle, mitral valve, tricuspid valve, aortic valve, and pulmonary valve. Measurements of chamber sizes, wall thickness, volumes, ejection fraction, and valve hemodynamics such as pressure gradients and regurgitant volumes are presented for grading abnormalities as normal, mild, moderate, or severe. The guidelines are intended to standardize the evaluation of echocardiograms.

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    This document provides guidelines for interpreting measurements of cardiac chambers and valves obtained via echocardiography. It includes reference ranges for determining the severity of conditions affecting the right atrium and ventricle, left atrium and ventricle, mitral valve, tricuspid valve, aortic valve, and pulmonary valve. Measurements of chamber sizes, wall thickness, volumes, ejection fraction, and valve hemodynamics such as pressure gradients and regurgitant volumes are presented for grading abnormalities as normal, mild, moderate, or severe. The guidelines are intended to standardize the evaluation of echocardiograms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    118 views5 pages

    Makna Echo

    Uploaded by

    ifan's
    This document provides guidelines for interpreting measurements of cardiac chambers and valves obtained via echocardiography. It includes reference ranges for determining the severity of conditions affecting the right atrium and ventricle, left atrium and ventricle, mitral valve, tricuspid valve, aortic valve, and pulmonary valve. Measurements of chamber sizes, wall thickness, volumes, ejection fraction, and valve hemodynamics such as pressure gradients and regurgitant volumes are presented for grading abnormalities as normal, mild, moderate, or severe. The guidelines are intended to standardize the evaluation of echocardiograms.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Makna echo

    Makna Nilai Hasil Pengukuran Bilik Atrium dan Ventrikel Kanan


    dengan Ekokardiografi (Guidelines)
    8:47 a.m. EKOKARDIOGRAFI No comments

    1. Right atrial pressure


    IVC
    size (cm)
    Respiratory/sniff variation
    Other
    RA size
    Hepatic vein size

    05mmHg

    510

    10-15

    15-20

    > 20

    < 1.5
    collapse

    1.52.5
    > 50%

    1.52.5
    < 50%

    > 2.5
    < 50%

    > 2.5
    No change

    normal

    normal

    2. Right ventricular size & function


    Normal

    Mild

    Moderate

    Severe

    RV dimensions (apical 4 chamber)


    Basal RV diameter (RVD1) (cm)
    Mid RV diameter (RVD2) (cm)
    Base to apex length (RVD3) (cm)

    2.02.8
    2.73.3
    7.17.9

    2.93.3
    3.43.7
    8.08.5

    3.43.8
    3.84.1
    8.69.1

    3.9
    4.2
    9.2

    RVOT diameters (parasternal SAX)


    RVOT at AV level (RVOT1) (cm)
    RVOT at PV annulus (RVOT2) (cm)

    2.52.9
    1.72.3

    3.03.2
    2.42.7

    3.33.5
    2.83.1

    3.6
    3.2

    PA diameter (parasternal SAX)


    Main PA (PA1) (cm)

    1.52.1

    2.22.5

    2.62.9

    3.0

    RV area
    RV diastolic area (cm 2 )
    RV systolic area (cm 2 )

    1128
    7.516

    2932
    1719

    3337
    2022

    38
    23

    RV function
    Fractional area change (%)
    TAPSE

    3260
    1620

    2531
    1115

    1824
    610

    17
    5

    Dikutip dari: Echocardiography: Guidelines for Chamber Quantification


    (British Society of Echocardiography)

    Makna Nilai Hasil Pengukuran Bilik Atrium dan Ventrikel Kiri


    dengan Ekokardiografi (Guidelines)
    4:16 p.m. EKOKARDIOGRAFI No comments

    Echocardiography: Guidelines for Chamber Quantification


    1. Left atrial size
    Normal

    Mild

    Moderate

    Severe

    LV Size Women
    LA diameter (cm)
    LA volume (ml)
    LV Size Men
    LA diameter (cm)
    LA volume (ml)
    LV Size Index
    LA diameter (cm/m2)
    LA volume (ml/m 2 )

    2.73.8
    2252

    3.94.2
    5362

    4.34.6
    6372

    4.7
    73

    3.04.0
    1858

    4.14.6
    59-68

    4.75.2
    6978

    5.3
    79

    1.52.3
    1628

    2.42.6
    2933

    2.72.9
    3439

    3.0
    40

    Normal

    Mild

    Moderate

    Severe

    0.61.2

    1.31.5

    1.61.9

    2.0

    3.95.3
    2.43.2

    5.45.7
    3.33.4

    5.86.1
    3.53.7

    6.2
    3.8

    4.25.9
    2.23.1

    6.06.3
    3.23.4

    6.46.8
    3.53.6

    6.9
    3.7

    56104
    1949

    105117
    5059

    118130
    6069

    131
    70

    67155
    2258

    156178
    5970

    179201
    7182

    202
    83

    3575

    7686

    8796

    97

    1230

    3136

    3742

    43

    2543
    55

    2024
    4554

    1519
    3644

    < 15
    35

    66150
    4488

    151171
    89100

    172182
    101112

    > 182
    > 112

    96200
    50102

    201227
    103116

    228254
    117130

    > 254
    > 130

    2. Left ventricular size, mass and function


    LV wall trhickness
    IVSd / PWd (cm)
    LV dimension Women
    LVIDd (cm)
    LVIDd / BSA (cm/m2)
    LV dimension Men
    LVIDd (cm)
    LVIDd / BSA (cm/m2)
    LV volume Women
    LV diastolic volume(ml)
    LV systolic volume(ml)
    LV volume Men
    LV diastolic volume(ml)
    LV systolic volume(ml)
    LV volume index
    LV diastolic volume/BSA (ml/m2 )
    LV systolic volume/BSA (ml/m2 )
    LV function
    Fractional shortening (%)
    Ejection fraction (%)
    EF by Biplane Simpsons method
    LV mass Women
    LV mass (g)
    LV mass / BSA (g/cm2 )
    LV mass Men
    LV mass (g)
    LV mass / BSA (g/cm2 )

    3. Left ventricular diastolic function

    Dikutip dari: British Society of Echocardiography Guidelines

    Makna Nilai Hasil Pengukuran Katup-Katup Jantung dengan


    Ekokardiografi (Guidelines)
    7:02 a.m. EKOKARDIOGRAFI No comments

    1. Mitral stenosis
    Pressure half time (ms)

    Normal

    Mild

    Moderate

    Severe

    4070

    71139

    140219

    > 219

    < 5.0

    510

    > 10

    1.62.0

    1.01.5

    < 1.0

    Mean pressure drop (mmHg)


    2

    Valve area (cm )

    4.06.0

    2. Mitral regurgitation
    Mild
    2

    Moderate

    Severe

    Jet area (cm )


    Jet area / LA (%)

    <4
    < 20%

    > 10
    > 40%

    Vena contracta (cm)

    < 0.3

    0.7

    PISA radius (Nyquist 40cm/s)

    < 0.4

    > 1.0

    Regurgitant volume (mL)

    < 30

    3159

    60

    Regurgitant Fraction (%)


    Regurgitant orifice area (cm 2 )

    < 30
    < 0.20

    3149
    0.210.39

    50
    0.40

    3. Tricuspid stenosis
    Normal

    Severe

    Mean pressure drop (mmHg)

    Valve area (cm 2 )

    > 7.0

    < 1.0

    4. Tricuspid regurgitation
    Mild

    Moderate

    Severe

    Jet area (cm )


    VC width (cm)
    PISA radius (cm)
    CW jet density/contour

    <5
    Not defined
    < 0.5
    Soft/
    parabolic

    510
    < 0.7
    0.6-0.9
    Dense/
    variable

    RA/RV/IVC size
    Hepatic vein flow

    Normal
    Systolic
    dominance

    Normal/dilated
    Systolic
    blunting

    > 10
    > 0.7
    > 0.9
    Dense /
    triangular early
    peaking
    Usually dilated
    Systolic
    reversal

    5. Aortic stenosis
    Peak velocity (m/s)
    Peak pressure drop (mmHg)
    Mean pressure drop (mmHg)
    Valve area (cm 2 )

    Normal

    Mild

    Moderate

    Severe

    < 1.7
    > 2.0

    1.72.9
    < 36
    < 25
    1.52.0

    3.04.0
    3664
    2540
    1.01.4

    > 4.0
    > 64
    > 40
    < 1.0

    6. Aortic regurgitation
    Mild
    Vena Contracta width (cm)
    Jet width/LVOT diam. (%)

    < 0.3
    < 25

    Regurgitant Volume (ml/beat)


    Regurgitant Fraction (%)
    Regurgitant Orifice area (cm 2 )
    VTI diastolic flow reversal (upper DAo) (cm)

    < 30
    < 30
    < 0.10
    -

    Pressure Half Time (ms)

    7. Aortic dimensions

    > 500

    Moderate

    Severe
    > 0.6
    65

    3159
    31 49
    0.110.29

    60
    50
    0.30
    15
    < 250

    8. Pulmonary stenosis
    Peak pressure drop (mmHg)

    Mild

    Moderate

    Severe

    < 40

    4075

    > 75

    9. Pulmonary regurgitation
    Jet size (CFM) (cm)
    Regurgitant Fraction (%)
    CW jet density/deceleration rate
    RVOTVTI / LVOTVTI

    Mild

    Moderate

    Severe

    Narrow, < 1.0

    Intermediate

    Wide, large

    4060

    65

    Dense/variable

    Dense/steep

    < 40
    Soft/slow

    Dikutip dari: Echocardiography: Guidelines for Valve Quantification


    (British Society of Echocardiography)

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