Standard Specifications Substations Civil Works

STANDARD
SPECIFICATIONS
SUBSTATIONS CIVIL
WORKS
KPLC SUBSTATION CIVIL WORKS STANDARDS

CIVIL AND BUILDING WORKS SPECIFICATIONS
All materials, plants and other supplies to be permanently
incorporated in the works shall be new, unused, of the most recent
or current models and incorporating all recent improvements in
designs and materials unless provided otherwise in the contract.
1.0
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
The following shall apply to all sections hereinafter:
1.1
Alternations, Additions and Extensions
In all alterations or extensions to existing Buildings and/or

external works,
new works is to match up in all respects to the
existing work unless otherwise specified, shown on the Drawing
or approved before hand by the Employer/Engineer.
1.2
Units Of Measurements and Standardization

The internationals system of the units (SI) shall be used in the
connection with this contract and all materials fittings, component
items of plant and equipment supplied for incorporation in the
works shall be standardized accordingly. SI unit shall be used in all
correspondence,
documentation,
calculations,
drawings,
measurement etc.
1.3
Surveying Instruments
The contractor shall supply and keep on site such surveying
instruments as are necessary for the complete and accurate
setting out and construction of the works. The instrument shall be
in excellent condition and accurate in all
respects.
They shall
be available for use by the Employer/ Engineer if so required.
1.4
Setting Out
The Engineer will establish a line from which he contractor shall
set out the
works.
1.5
The contractor shall provide on site sufficient labour, plant, materials

and all other things necessary to carry out the works to satisfactory
completion.
1.6
Safeties and Cleanliness of Plant and Materials

The Contractor shall at all times maintain good housekeeping at
the site to avoid any accidents.

1.7
Contractors Area
An area will be allocated by the Employer, to the contractor for
his offices, the storage of plant and any necessary fabrications
during the execution of the contract.
1.8
Site Electricity Supply

The contractor will make his own arrangements to have
electricity power
supplied to the site for his use and pay all bills.
1.9
Site Water Supply

The contractor will make his own arrangements to have water
supply on site for his use and pay .
contractor will provide any piping or water storage necessary for
the execution of the contract works. The contractor will pay all
water bills during the execution of the contract.
2.0
Ground Conditions
The contractor shall satisfy himself as to the ground conditions
on site i.e.
nature
of strata, obstructions, possibility of
flooding and shall allow for provisions
necessary to carry out
the work most suitably. If in the Engineers opinion any
plant
or method of working is considered unsuitable, the contractor shall
carry out the work by alternative method approved by the
Engineer at no cost to the Employer.
2.1
Materials
Materials, commodities, components and equipment are to be

new and unused
unless otherwise specified. Handle, store, fix
and protect all commodities with
care to ensure that they are
in perfect condition when incorporated into the work
and
handed over on completion.
2.2
Manufacturers Recommendations
Handle, store and fix every commodity strictly in accordance
with the printed or written recommendations of the manufacturer
and/or supplier. Supply the
Employer/Engineer with copies of
manufactures
recommendations.
Inform
the
Employer/Engineer if the recommendations conflict with any
other specified
requirements, and obtain his instructions
before processing.
2.3
Standards
2
Where commodities or workmanship are specified by reference

to British
Standards (B.S.) or Codes of Practice (C.P.) OR
International (I.S.O.) or other standards, such stands are deemed
to be latest published at the time of tendering. The contractor will
be deemed to have read and understood the stands
specified,
and no claim for want of knowledge will be allowed.
The
substitution must be made in writing in sufficient time to allow
adequate investigation. Obtain Certificates of Compliances with
standards and supply to the
Employer/Engineer on request.
2.4
Local Conditions
All materials, commodities or components and equipment must be

suitable for use in tropical climates.
4.1.4
PARTICULAR SPECIFICATION CIVIL WORKS
4.1.1
General
4.1.1.1 Location of the Works

The locations of the sites are as described under the relevant clauses in
scope of works in Volume 2.
4.1.1.2 Type of Works
The works to be constructed under this Contract include the following:
-
Work for access road

Earthworks for sub-station platform
Subsoil drains and storm water drains
150 mm thick layer of stone to platform surface
Fencing
Concrete bases and Stub columns
Cable Trenches
Switchgear Building
Transformer foundations
Any other works necessary for full completeness
4.1.1.3 Switchgear Building

The switchgear building shall contain the following rooms:
Switchgear room to accommodate all the switchgear panel plus a
space that would accommodate 6 more feeder panels in the
future.
Battery
room
(to
accommodate
both
protection
and
communication batteries)
Office room (3Mx3.5m). Office furniture (cabinets, chairs and office
table)
Kitchen
Communication equipment room (3mX4m)
Toilet facility European type w,c,armitage shanks white or

equivalent subject to approval
Control and protection Panel room to accommodate the necessary
control panels and space for future expansion. Space for feature
panels for additional equipment.
In addition a guardhouse with toilet facilities located at the main gate
shall be constructed.
4.1.1.4 Sequence of Construction
The Contractor must complete all the civil works in time to provide a
clean and complete site for the mechanical and electrical erection.
The Contractor shall be responsible for timely delivery of materials to site
and for compliance with the specified or agreed construction programme.
4.1.1.5 Drawings
The Drawings issued with these documents are for tendering purposes
only and specific to this project as per KPLC standards. the contractor
must provide a set of as built drawings after completion
4.1.1.6 Use of Site
The Contractor will restrict his activities to within the Sites. Access for
others to work on the site concurrently with this Contract shall be
maintained as far as possible. Where it is necessary for persons on foot
or in vehicles, including other Contractors, to cross the site whilst work is
in progress, the Contractor shall provide warning signs on either side of
the Work and flagmen if necessary to guide such persons safely across
the Site. The cost of maintaining access for others and assisting the
passage of others across the Site shall be deemed to be covered by and
included in the rates entered by the Contractor in the Price Schedules.
4.1.1.7 Plan of Operations and Temporary Works
The Contractor shall, in accordance with Conditions of Contract and
before commencing work on Site, submit to the Project Manager a fully
detailed programme showing the order of procedure and method by
which he proposes to carry out the construction and completion of the
Civil Engineering works, and particulars of the organisation and staf
proposed to direct and administer the performance of the Works.
The information to be supplied to the Project Manager shall include
Drawings showing the general arrangements of his temporary offices,
camps, storage sheds, buildings and access roads, and details of
Constructional Plant and Temporary Works proposed.
4.1.1.8 Contractor's Office and Accommodation, etc.
The Contractor shall be responsible for his offices, accommodation,
storage and workshops. The Contractor may fence this area for his own
security for the duration of the Contract but any such fence erected
together with all buildings, plant and materials shall be removed, all
4

holes filled in and the site left in a tidy and level condition upon
completion of the Contract.
4.1.1.9 Dealing with Water
The Contractor shall keep the whole of the Works free from water and he
will be deemed to have included in his rates in the Price Schedules for all
pumping, shoring, temporary drains, and sumps and other measures and
provisions necessary for such purposes and for clearing away and making
good to the satisfaction of the Project Manager damage caused thereby.
The Contractor shall keep all existing drainage channels clear and shall
not obstruct the passage of water to or away from any such drainage
channels.
4.1.1.10
Liaison with Police and Other Officials

Contractor shall cooperate closely with the Police and other officials of
the area concerned regarding their requirements in the control of
workmen, movement of traffic, or other matter.
4.1.1.11
Explosives and Blasting

The Contractor shall use explosives for blasting in connection with the
work only at such times and places and in such a manner as the Project
Manager may approve, but such approval shall not relieve the Contractor
from his responsibility for injury, loss, inconvenience and annoyance to
persons, the Work and adjoining structures, roads, places and things and
injury or damage to animals and property consequent on the use of such
explosives. The Contractor shall be entirely liable for any accident that
shall occur and shall save the Project Manager harmless and indemnified
from all claims arising from such use of explosives.
The Contractor shall keep in his office at the Site copies of Laws applying
to the transport, storage and use of explosives and shall also submit to
the Project Manager a copy of any instructions or notices which the
Contractor may issue to his staf or workmen or post about the site in
compliance with such Laws.
The Contractor shall submit to the Project Manager details of the
explosives, which he proposes to use, and of his proposals for the
transport and storage of explosives.
4.1.1.12
Works Executed by the Project Manager or by Other
Contractors
The Project Manager reserves the right to execute on the site, works not
included under this Contract and to employ for this purpose either his
own employees or other contractors.
The Contractor shall ensure that neither his own operations nor trespass
by his own employees shall interfere with the operations of the Project
Manager or his Contractors employed on such works and the same

obligations shall be imposed on the Project Manager or his contractors in
respect of work being executed under the Contract.
The Contractor shall provide unhindered access to all parts of the site to
the Project Manager, authorised representatives of the Project Manager
and of public bodies and corporations, and to contractors employed by
the Project Manager, and he shall make available to such authorised
persons the use of all temporary access tracks in or about the site.
Where works are being carried out concurrently in one area careful coordination of operations will be required so that interference can be
minimised. The Project Manager shall have the power to regulate and
rearrange the order of execution of the Works under this Contract to
achieve the best co-ordination practicable. The Contractor's programme
shall take into consideration all information on co-ordination available at
the time of its preparation and it shall be flexible enough to allow for
subsequent changes that may become necessary. The rates tendered for
the Works shall include the costs of complying with the requirements of
this Clause.
4.1.1.13
Water Supplies for the Works

The Contractor shall make his own arrangements for the supply of
potable water for his staf on site and water for the Works.
The Contractor must make all arrangements including the supply of
pumps and motors, labour and the like to abstract water and must pay
royalty to the owners. These costs shall be included in his prices.
If the Contractor fails to obtain permission to utilise existing water
sources, he may have to drill boreholes near the sites at suitable
locations.
The Contractor shall obtain the Employer's or the Project Manager's prior
approval before utilising any water source for the Works.
4.1.1.14
Employer's Approval of Finished Works

The Contractor shall obtain the approval of the Project Manager for each
section and each stage of construction. Approval of any section of any
stage will not be given, and the Contractor shall not proceed with any
subsequent stage, until all tests required by the Project Manager have
been carried out, and the results have shown that the section complies
with the Specification. Any works rejected by the Project Manager as not
complying with the Specification shall be replaced by the Contractor at
his own expense.
4.1.1.15
Preservation of Trees
No tree shall be removed without prior permission of the Project Manager
who will limit the removal of trees to the minimum necessary to
accommodate the permanent Works.

4.1.1.16
Survey Beacons
During the progress of the Works, the Contractor shall not remove,
damage, alter or destroy in any way any permanent beacons or survey
beacons. Should the Contractor consider that any survey beacon will be
interfered with by the Works, he will notify the Project Manager, who, if
he considers necessary, will make arrangements for the removal and
replacement of the beacon.
If the Contractor removes or disturbs a beacon without the prior
permission of the Project Manager he shall be liable for the full cost of its
replacement together with the full cost of re-establishing the data
relevant to it.
4.1.1.17
Basic Survey and Setting Out

The Contractor will survey the sites in detail, and the exact locations shall
be agreed with the Project Manager.The details of beacons and
benchmarks shall be provided in the site survey drawings.
The Works are located on the drawings and the Contractor shall appoint a
suitably qualified Surveyor to set out the Works from the beacons and
shall plot cross sections at 10 m intervals and submit to the Project
Manager for approval.
No separate payment will be made for any work in connection with the
setting out of the Works, nor any other Works required by the Contractor
to ensure the accurate location and construction of the Works.
4.1.2
EARTHWORKS
4.1.2.1 Bush Clearing

The areas of the platform and borrow pit shall be cleared of all trees,
vegetation and roots. These shall be neatly stockpiled within 3 km of the
site at locations agreed with the Project Manager and shall remain the
property of the land owner.
4.1.2.2
Access and Internal Roads
An access road as shown in the drawing from the main road to the substation
site shall be provided, and join the substation road in the substation at the gate.
Loading and of loading bay for transformers, and access to the control building
through paving walk path slabs shall be provided.
Access road.
The contractor should put in consideration the accessibility to the substation
from the main road, by ensuring that the gradient of the slope and the turning
angles are easily attainable by any vehicle to and from the substation. The main
road tee-of works to the Substation works shall also be approved by the local
Council
The Access road, shall be compacted to 100% MDD and 150mm thick rolled
approved murram finish compacted to 100%MDD, on a well compacted and
formed approved hardcore base well compacted in layers of 150mm thick and
shall attain 95% compaction density. The access road shall be 150mm above the
existing ground level unless otherwise stated where the road is used for draining
7

purposes. Appropriate sized culverts shall be installed. Cable ducts MUST be
provided as marked at road crossings.
Internal Roads
Substation road and walk paths shall be compacted to 95% MDD after grading
shall have a well done paving block finish that can withstand load weight of not
less than 80mm, 49N/mm2. The roads shall also be lined with a kerbline and
channels and shall be constructed to a fall that will allow proper drainage of the
road.
a) Existing Bitumen Standard Access and Internal Roads
Existing roads shall be reinstated to their original standard of materials
and construction.
b) Quality Control
Tests shall be performed by the contractor on soils and gravels
undergoing compaction under the supervision of and at frequencies
determined by the Project Manager and shall include:
Determination of the Atterberg Limits in accordance with BS 1377.

Determination of particle size distribution in accordance with BS 1377.
Determination of dry density / moisture content relationship in
accordance with BS standard compaction and modified AASHTO T180
as appropriate.
California Bearing ratio (CBR) in accordance with AASHTO T193.
Field dry density as set out in BS 1377.
CONSTRUCTION OF SUB-BASE AND BASES
18.4.1
General
The term gravel used throughout this section shall be

deemed to include; lateritic gravel, Quartizitic gravel,
some forms of weathered rock, soft stone, coral rag and
conglomerate.
A grade base will be made up of one of these natural
gravels, or of sand or clay sand, or of a combination of
these materials, without the addition of any stabilizing
agent.
18.4.2
Material requirements
Unless otherwise specified or directed by the Engineer,

the
material
shall
comply
with
the
following
requirements:California bearing ratio:
a).
The material for base shall have CBR of least 80.
b).
The material for sub-base shall have a CBR of at

least 30.

c)
18.4.3
Unless otherwise specified, the CBR shall be

measured at a dry density corresponding to 95%
MDD (heavy compaction) and after 4 days.
Requirements for gravel:
In addition to the CBR requirements, the gravel material

shall comply with the
following specification:Gravel for
Base
Sub-base
Plasticity Index
- Maximum 15
25
Loss Angels value
- Maximum 30
70
Aggregate Crushing valueMaximum
75
Quarry waste
35
Quarry waste shall mean material to the same

specification as crusher dust, except as follows:The
material may have up to 35% of stones not larger than
38mm provided that
the material passing the 5mm
sieve is within the limits specified.
Quarry waste shall be clean and completely free from
earth, organic or other foreign matter.
i). The plasticity index taken on material passing the No.
36 sieve shall not
exceed 16%
4.1.2.3 Removal of Top Soil

The top soil within the areas of platform and shall be stripped to an
approximate depth of 300 mm and stockpiled at locations agreed with
the Project Manager for later use on embankment slopes.
Overburden in the borrow pit shall also be stripped to a depth specified
by the Project Manager and stockpiled for later use in rehabilitation.
4.1.2.4 Order of Work

The construction of cuttings, side drains and embankments shall proceed
in a methodical and orderly manner. It shall be solely the Contractor's
responsibility to arrange his methods and programme of work so as to
ensure that the earthworks are carried out by the most efficient and
economical method possible with the type of plant employed on the
Works.
All trimming of cuttings, and embankments, drains and shoulders to the
specified slopes and shapes, shall be carried out concurrently with the
earthworks that are being carried out at that particular site and level.
4.1.2.5 Fill Material
"Fill-material" shall mean material deposited in accordance with these
specifications from any of the classes specified in order to build up an
earthworks construction to formation level as shown on the Drawings or
as ordered by the Project Manager. The Contractor shall obtain the fill
material from a source approved by the Project Manager.
Fill materials will generally be obtained from cuttings. If the material
obtained from this source is insufficient or unsuitable extra material shall
be obtained from borrow areas. All fill material (other than rock fill in
lower layers) shall pass 75mm BS sieve size.
The following materials are generally unsuitable for construction of fills.
All materials containing more than 5% by weight of organic matter
(such as top soil, materials from swamps, plants and vegetable
matter)
All expansive soils such as black cotton soils with swells of more than
3% as measured in the CBR test.
All clay soils with plasticity index exceeding 50.
All materials having a moisture content of 105% of the optimum
moisture content (standard compaction)
Rock fill can be used provided that boulders greater than 0.2 M 3 in
volume or 600 mm in size are not used and that this material is not
placed within the top 600 mm to formation level. The best materials from
cuttings or borrow areas should be reserved for the upper layers of the
fill.
Compaction of fill
10

Materials other than rock fill shall be placed in layers of compacted
thickness not exceeding 300 mm. Thicker layers can only be permitted
where very heavy compacting equipment is available and trial sections
have proved that the required compaction will be readily achieved over
the layer depth. The minimum layer thickness shall be twice the
maximum particle size of the compacted material.
Fill material shall be compacted throughout to a dry density of at least
95% MDD at OMC (standard Compaction AASHTOT99) except the top 300
mm of the fill which shall be compacted to 100% MDD (AASHTO T99).
Where rock fill is used it should be placed in the bottom of the
embankment. The largest sizes but shall be placed in layers of 1.0 meter
thick. The interstices shall then be filled with smaller rocks and approved
filler material. The whole layer shall then be compacted until the
interstices are completely filled or until the required settlement is
obtained. Heavy vibratory rollers are generally the most suitable
machines for compacting rock fill.
The specified compaction shall be achieved over the full width of the
embankment.
Any area inaccessible to the roller shall be consolidated and compacted
using approved mechanical tampers.
Compaction of In situ Sub grades
After removing the top soil and/or 600 mm of expansive soils and before
placing fill, improved sub grade or gravel wearing course, the upper 300
mm of in situ sub grade will be compacted to 100% MDD standard
compaction. Compaction in cuts without improved sub grade will likewise
be compacted to 100% MDD standard compaction
4.1.2.6 Spoil Material

"Spoil-material" shall mean material excavated in accordance with these
specifications from any of the classes specified, and which, being
obtained from the excavation of side drains, cuttings or below the road,
embankment is unsuitable for the requirements of the Works. Spoil
material shall be removed from the Site to a spoil tip which should be to
a site acceptable by respective local authorities and shall be approved by
the Project Manager.
4.1.2.7 Expansive Material
When expansive material is encountered, it shall be removed to a depth
600 mm below the formation or the existing ground level, whichever is
greater. Material removed shall be stockpiled for later use in slope
protection or spoiled to a tip as instructed by the Project Manager.
4.1.2.8 Surplus Material
"Surplus-material" shall mean material excavated in accordance with
these specifications from any of the classes specified and which is
11

temporarily surplus to the fill requirements and shall be carted to a
designated stockpile for re-use later elsewhere in the Works, or to an
approved spoil tip.
4.1.2.9 Side Drains
Where side drains are required excavating the lines, slopes and widths as
designed by the Contractor and approved by the Project Manager shall
shape them. The side drains shall be finished of so that the formation
levels and camber or super elevation of the formation, level and cross fall
of the shoulders, and shape and invert levels of the side drains are
everywhere in accordance with the Drawings.
Any excess depth or width excavated from the side drains shall be
backfilled and made good to the satisfaction of the Project Manager at
the Contractor's expense.
All other types of drains are specified separately in this Specification.
4.1.2.10
Excavation in "Rock"
a) Excavation Level
Unless otherwise directed, the formation of the platform can be founded
on rock. However, rock shall be excavated to an average level 150 mm
below the formation and in no place less than 100 mm below the
formation.
b) Backfilling for Surfaces
Any excess excavation in rock below the formation shall be backfilled and
compacted. Excess excavation in the invert of drains shall not be
backfilled, but the rock surfaces shall be trimmed, and all loose particles
removed, to allow free drainage of water.
c) Excess Excavation of Slopes
Where side slopes are over-excavated no backfilling will be required but
the slopes shall be trimmed to a neat shape and safe angle as is
acceptable to the Project Manager. The sloping sides of all cuttings shall
be cleared of all rock fragments, which move when prised with a crowbar.
d) Hard Material
The provisions of this Clause do not apply to hard and common materials,
which materials shall be excavated to the lines and levels shown on the
Drawings or as instructed, within the permitted tolerances.
4.1.2.11
Setting Out and Preparation for Earthworks

The Contractor shall set out the earthworks and the tops of cuttings and
toes of embankments at intervals 10 m. Reference pegs shall be
12

provided clear of the earthworks and at right angles to the centre lines,
from which the centre lines and levels can be re-established at any time.
Before the construction of any earthworks in the fills, the levels of the
existing ground shall be agreed between the Contractor and the Project
Manager. If the Contractor fails to take the requisite levels then the
ground levels determined by the Project Manager shall be taken as
correct.
4.1.2.12
Construction of Earthworks to Formation

All earthworks up to formation shall be formed and completed to the
correct lines, slopes, widths and levels shown on the Drawings and with
the sub grade parallel to and at the correct depth below the profile,
camber, cross fall or super elevation shown for the finished level, unless
otherwise directed by the Project Manager.
Embankments and fills shall be constructed only of suitable material
obtained from the excavation of cuttings. If the Contractor encounters
material which he considers unsuitable for earthworks, then he shall
forthwith inform the Project Manager, who shall instruct the method of
use or disposal of such material. If insufficient material can be obtained
from the cuttings, additional material may be borrowed from approved
borrow pits.
The Project Manager may direct that certain soils be excluded from
certain layers and other soils set apart or obtained from borrow and used
only for these layers, in which case the Contractor shall comply with the
Employer's or the Project Manager's directions and shall allow in his price
for such selection of materials.
4.1.2.13
Unsuitable Material Information

Where, in the opinion of the Project Manager, unsuitable material occurs
in cuttings, the Contractor shall excavate it to the depths and widths
directed and replace it with selected fill material to form an improved
formation.
4.1.2.14
Spreading and Compaction of Embankment and Fills

Embankments and fills shall be laid out and compacted to
stable platform with sufficient bearing capacity and stability.
4.1.2.15
achieve a
Drainage of Works
All cuttings, embankments and borrow pits shall be kept free of standing
water and drained during the whole of the construction.
Should water accumulate on any part of the earthworks, either during
construction or after construction, until the end of the maintenance
period, giving rise to soaking or eroding conditions in the earthworks, the
Project Manager may order the Contractor to remove and replace at the
Contractor's expense any material which has been so afected.
13

All drains shall be maintained throughout the Contract in proper working
order.
The Contractor must allow in his price for draining the earthworks
satisfactorily at all stages during the construction and arrange his
methods and order of working accordingly.
4.1.2.16
Sub-grade Layer
During this process the sub grade layer shall be graded to level, parallel
to the cross fall or chamber and profile shown on the approved design
drawings or directed by the Project Manager and to agreed tolerance.
4.1.2.17
Tolerances
The following tolerances will be permitted in the finish of the formation to
roads and platform:
a)
The level of the formation should be within +/- 100 mm and - of
that specified.
b)
On the final trimmed slope of earthworks a variation of + or one fifth of the specified slope will be allowed.
c)
The tolerances permitted in the overall width of the bottom of

cuttings shall be plus or minus 150 mm in the distance between
centre lines and the toe of cuttings slopes, and plus 150 mm in
the case of embankments.
4.1.2.18
Protection of Embankment Slopes

The top soil and expansive material removed from the Works shall be
placed on embankment slopes as directed by the Project Manager. The
slopes shall be trimmed to form a gradient not less than 1 on 5 unless
otherwise directed.
4.1.2.19
Grassing of Slopes
The surface of embankment slopes, after placing of top soil, shall be
planted with grass. Unless instructed otherwise by the Project Manager,
the type of grass shall be indigenous. While planting, the area shall be
irrigated for as long as necessary to ensure that the grass is properly
established and has completely covered the ground. Grass should only
be planted in the rainy season.
4.1.2.20
Borrow Pits
Where it is necessary to borrow material for construction, suitable pits
shall be provided by the Contractor to the approval of the Project
Manager.
All borrow pits must be carefully cross sectioned before and after
excavation in order to determine the quality of earth excavated.
14

After removal of material for use, the area must be rehabilitated by the
Contractor so that it will not prove a hazard to man or beast or a source
of erosion. The sides of the excavation must first be sloped and then any
previously stockpiled top soil spread as far as possible.
At some borrow pit locations, further cleaning and fencing etc., may be
required.
4.1.2.21
Soil Sterilisation
In order to stop the growth of vegetation and incidence of ants, the
Contractor shall apply an approved herbicide before any spreading of
stone over the platform area.
Insecticide to be used around Switchgear building.
4.1.2.22
Earth Electrode
The Contractor shall install earthing electrodes in trenches as outlined in
the Specifications for Earthing in chapter 4.1.Particular specifications.
4.1.2.23
Platform Areas
The substation platform areas shall be at least 1.5 times the area
required by to equipment to be installed.
4.1.3
MATERIALS FOR THE WORKS
4.1.3.1 General
All materials shall comply with appropriate local or regional standards
unless otherwise required hereinafter. Such standards shall be to the
approval of the Project Manager.
The Contractor shall before placing any order for materials or
manufactured articles for incorporation in the Civil Works, submit for the
approval of the Project Manager the names of the firms from whom he
proposes to obtain such materials, etc., together with a list of the
materials and manufactured articles giving the origin, quality, weight,
strength, description, etc., which he proposes that the firms should
supply.
No materials or manufactured articles shall be ordered or
obtained from any firm of which the Project Manager shall not have
previously approved.
All materials shall be delivered to the site a sufficient period of time
before they are required for use in the Works to enable the Project
Manager to take such samples as he may wish for testing and approval.
Any materials condemned as unsuitable for Works shall be removed from
the Site at the Contractor's expense.
The Contractor may propose alternative materials to those specified,
provided that they are of equivalent quality and, subject to the
Employer's or the Project Manager's approval such materials may be
used in the Works.
15
4.1.3.2 Standards
Concrete pipes, porous concrete pipes, cast iron manhole covers and
gratings, bricks, concrete kerbs, bituminous surfacing, cement, steel and
aggregates shall comply with local or regional standard to be approved.
4.1.3.3 Filter Backfill for Sub-soil Drains
This shall be graded crushed stone as for platform surfacing (below).
4.1.3.4 Stone for Pitching
Stone for pitching to drains, inlets and outlets of culverts, to
embankments and around structures shall consist of sound undecomposed rock. Precast concrete tiles may also be used.
4.1.3.5 Stone for Platform Surfacing
The stone shall be hard and durable crushed rock with a maximum
particle size of 60 mm and not more than 15% shall pass a 9.5 mm sieve.
The stone layer to be spread uniformly over the finished surface of the
platform shall have a thickness of 100 mm.
4.1.4
DRAINAGE AND STORM WATER
4.1.4.1 Drainage
The Contractor shall provide sub-soil and storm water drainage, including
drainage of cable ducts. The drainage system shall be to the approval of
the Project Manager.
4.1.5
FENCING
4.1.5.1 Fencing
The Contractor shall construct fencing along the perimeter of substations, including gates where necessary and shall comply with the
requirements of the following Clauses.
All the substation fences unless otherwise stated in the scope of works,
shall be of dressed Natural stone. electric fence shall be installed on top
of the perimeter wall
4.1.5.2
Dimensions:
This shall apply to chain link fences;
Height of the stone fence:
Height of chain link fabric:
2 400 mm
2 000 mm
Barbed wire:
3 wires above fabric, height of 300 mm, on
supporting arms facing outwards from Site at 450 angle.
Maximum distance between posts: 3 000 mm, except where interrupted
by gate.
16
Terminal posts:
including end, corner and straining posts; 89 mm
outside diameter 114 mm outside diameter at gates.
Embedment lengths of terminal posts:
-
Corner and straining posts

End posts
Gate posts
1 100 mm
1 200 mm
1 400 mm
Tension bars and bands: locate at terminal posts to fix fabric, bottom wire
and barbed wire.
Top rail: "extra-strong" pipe, 43 mm outside diameter.
Braces: "extra-strong" pipe, 43 mm outside diameter for attaching end
and gate posts to adjoining posts. Use two braces at corner and
restraining posts.
Gate width: free distance between 2 gate posts, 1 500 mm for single
gate, 5 000 mm double gates.
Double gates: one leaf for normal traffic, other leaf to remain closed by
means of drop bolt locking into centre rest, inoperable from exterior.
Gates: able to open in either direction to 900.
Gate hardware: three hinges, latch with padlock accessible from either
side of gate, latch catch.
Top of posts and uprights: weatherproof tops.
4.1.5.3 Materials
Fabric: ASTM A 392, 2 000 mm high, 3.8 mm diameter (No. 9 gauge)
steel wire, 50 mm diamond pattern, twisted and barbed finish at top,
knuckled wires at bottom, zinc coated.
Pipes: ASTM A 120, steel pile, hot-dipped zinc coated after welding,
diameter and weight size as shown on drawings, unthreaded ends, free
from burrs.
Fence fittings: ASTM F 626, hot-dipped zinc coated according to ASTM A
123.
Barbed wire: ASTM A 121, 2.51 mm diameter wire in strand (No.12-1/2
gauge), 2 strands with 4-point barbs spaced at 125 mm, Class 3 zinc
coating.
Bottom wires: 5 mm (No. 6 gauge) steel wire, 500 g/m2 zinc coating.
This shall be surrounded by a concrete beam (C20) as shown on the
drawings.
Fence fittings: ASTM F 626, steel tension bars and bands, nuts and bolts,
weather proof tops of commercial aluminium alloy, malleable cast iron, or
17

rolled or pressed steel, cast iron and steel fittings hot-dipped galvanised
with 500 g/m2 according to ASTM A123.
Concrete: 20MPA at 28 days
4.1.5.4 Installation
Install fencing and gates according to ASTM F 567 unless otherwise
indicated, and to drawings and this Specification.
Level ground surface so that space between finished ground surface
elevation and bottom of fabric does not exceed 50 mm.
Plumb and align posts to within 10 mm.
Install posts of a gate at same elevation regardless of diference in
ground level.
Set posts in concrete footings in form of truncated cone, according to
ASTM F 567, and as follows:
FOUNDATIONS
(Dimensions)
Depth
Diameter at top
Diameter
at
bottom
ORDINARY SOIL
Line Posts
Terminal
Posts
1000 mm
250 mm
350 mm
1600 mm
300 mm
400 mm
SOLID ROCK
Line Posts
Terminal
Posts
300 mm
150 mm
150 mm
500 mm
150 mm
150 mm
Make joints in fabric at terminal posts.

Fasten as follows:
a)
b)
Every 450 mm along top rail, braces and bottom wire;

Every 300 mm on line posts.
Secure barbed wire to terminal and gate posts with tension bands, and to
gate uprights with hooks.
Install bottom wire in middle of last line of mesh.
4.1.6
CONCRETE AND BUILDING WORKS
4.1.6.1 Earthworks
Soil Investigations
The Contractor shall be required to perform sub-soil tests within the area
if the switchyard to the depth and by the method of test specified by the
Project Manager. The details of performing the test, tools and equipment
to be used for, shall be submitted to the Project Manager for approval.
18

The sub-soil tests shall be carried out by any method as stated hereafter
under the supervision of a qualified person, who shall be subject to
Excavation
Excavation for concrete foundations shall be carried out in strict
accordance with the requirements of the Project Manager and to fit in
with the programme of construction.
Shoring and Timbering of Excavation
The Contractor shall be entirely responsible for the safety of all
excavations, for the prevention of injury to workmen and for the stability
of the faces of the excavation.
The adjacent road surfaces must remain trafficable, and cracking or caveins must be avoided. All shoring and timbering shall be done to the
approval of the Project Manager, who may order such shoring or
timbering to be strengthened or altered if he considers this necessary in
the interests of the work or to safeguard against accidents to workmen or
cave-ins. For the purpose of measurement the following categories of
shoring shall apply:
Dewatering
The whole Works shall be constructed in the dry and the Contractor shall
be held responsible for keeping all excavations free from water, whatever
the source or cause may be, and shall properly deal with and dispose of
water by use of sufficient temporary works, plant and appliances so as to
ensure that the whole Works is executed in a satisfactory dry and safe
manner, and costs for all dewatering operations shall be included in the
price for civil works.
Excavation to be Approved
In no case shall broken stone for under drainage or concrete be placed in
an excavation until the surface on which such materials are to be placed
has been approved by the Project Manager.
The Contractor shall advise the Project Manager whenever the bottom of
any excavation is ready for inspection or whenever it is necessary to
cover up the work. In default of such notice the foundation shall on the
order of the Project Manager be uncovered by the Contractor and
reinstated without extra charge.
Disposal of Excavated Material
All material excavated under this Contract shall be disposed of in
accordance with the instructions issued by the
Project Manager.
Selected material required for back-filling shall be removed to a tip found
by the Contractor and the Contractor shall be responsible for ensuring
that the required amount of spoil is set aside.
Other Services
Where trenches pass near or across other services, the Contractor shall
take every precaution against damaging such services. These services
shall be properly supported in the trench until back-filling is complete
19

and the back-filling shall be thoroughly compacted under and around
such services.
Backfilling
Back-filling shall be carried out either with selected spoil as set aside, or
with imported selected spoil, or other material to the approval of the
Project Manager.
No back-filling shall be done until all the formwork has been removed
together with pieces of timber, cement bags, vegetation and or other
rubbish.
All back-filling shall be compacted in layers not exceeding 150 mm thick
and shall be sprayed with water to bring the moisture content to the
optimum for dense compaction.
Compaction shall be to approved standard.
5.6.4 Tolerance
All in-situ concrete shall be dimensionally accurate to
within the following non-accumulative tolerances:a)
Between the centre lines of principal member

columns or beams +/- 5mm
b)
Up to 5 metre centres .+/- 5mm
c)
Over 15 metre centres . +/5mm

(Note:- The +/- 5mm is floor to floor).
d)
In storey height ..+/- 5mm floor to floor.
e)
In plumpness of columns and walls +/- 10 mm on

any storey or overall the structure.
20
f)
In level of floors ..+/- 5 mm/ - 3 mm of

the true prescribed horizontal surface level.
g)
In cross sectional dimensions of column, beams and

walls .. +/- 5 mm/ - 3 mm
h)
In any dimensions up to 2 metres overall +/- 10

mm/ - 3 mm
i)
Cover to reinforcement + 5 mm/ - 0 of the

stated covers.
5.6.5 Miscellaneous Items

Holes, chases, indentations and the like shall be provided
where indicated on the drawings. All such shall be formed
in the concrete and not cut after concrete has hardened.
Should the Contractor or any Sub-contractor require
additional holes of the like, these requirements shall be
submitted to the Architect at least two days prior to
concreting, for his approval.
Pipes, conduits, fixing bolts and other such cast-in items
shall be provided where indicated on the drawings.
Should the Contractor or any Sub- contractor require
additional cast-in items, these requirements shall be
submitted to the Architect at least two days prior to
concreting, for this approval.
5.6.6 Ready Mixed Concrete
Ready Mixed Concrete shall be used only with the approval
of the Architect. When such approval is given, it shall be
supplied in accordance with B.S. 5328, except where this
conflicts with this specification, wherein this specification
shall prevail.
Truck mixer units and their mixing and discharge
performance shall comply with the requirement of B.S.
4251.
The use of ready mixed concrete shall not relieve the
Contractor of any of his obligations, and the appropriate
clauses of this specification shall apply equally to the
ready mixed concrete.
Concrete test cubes and slump tests shall be taken on site
at the point and time of discharge in accordance with this
specification irrespective of any cubes that the supplier
may take at his own risk.
21

4.1.6.2
Material
Aggregates
a) Shall conform to BS 882.
b) Shall be heaped separately on hard, self draining surfaces.
c) Normal size of coarse aggregate shall be 20 mm.
Water
Shall be fit to drink
Reinforcement
Shall conform to BS 4449.
Cement
shall
a) Conform to BS 12.
b) Be either normal Portland or P.C. 15.
c) Be used within 6 weeks of manufacture.
d) Be stored in a manner to exclude any moisture.
e) Be stored in a manner to ensure use of the earliest consignment.
f) Diferent types of cement from diferent manufacturers shall not be
mixed for a single cast or structural element.
g) If concrete is to be exposed Item 4.f to apply for whole project.
Additives shall not be used
Before concreting
Design Mixes
Not less than 2 weeks before the start of concrete work, the Contractor
shall submit to the Project Manager for his approval a statement of
proposed mix proportions for the various grades required in the project.
(Note: the grade is the characteristic strength or the cube strength
below which not more than 5% of the result may be expected to fall
when tested at 28 days).
The statement shall include proportions of cement, fine and coarse
aggregate, and water, the maximum and minimum slump and the target
strength for each grade.
A certificate by recognised laboratory that the proposed mix will meet
the requirements must accompany the statement.
The proportions stated may not later be altered without the written
22
Cost of mix designs to be borne by the Contractor.

Formwork
Formwork shall be sufficient to leave the concrete finishes specified on
drawings and to be within the tolerances specified in the following table
and to provide an acceptable surface for applied finished, where required.
Line and Level
1 mm per metre not exceeding 5 mm
Pockets, Sleeves etc.
+/- 5 mm
Bases
+/- 50 mm
The concrete shall have a smooth finish free of projections, voids, etc.
The type of ties to be used shall be such that the required finish is
achieved and does not become marred by subsequent corrosion. Ties to
be set out to definite pattern to the Employer's or the Project Manager's
approval. Rubbing down is allowed only after the Employer's or the
Project Manager's approval of the surface to be treated.
Reinforcement
Shall not be heated or re-bent without the Employer's or the Project
Manager's permission.
Shall be free from any material likely to impair bond or initiate corrosion.
Shall be bent and fixed according to the Project Manager bending
schedules.
Shall be tied with soft iron wire.
Shall be supported to maintain the following minimum cover during
concreting.
a)
The greater of the diameter of the bar or 40 mm for external unplastered face.
b)
The greater diameter of the bar or 15 mm for internal face.

Shall be inspected by the Project Manager.
NOTE:
Holding down bolts shall be supplied under the civil works part
or by the main contractor if he so decides, and in any case be included in
the turnkey price.
Construction Joints
Shall be avoided if possible, but if inevitable shall be pre-planned in
consultation with the Project Manager and temporary stop ends inserted.
Before placing of concrete against a construction joint, the formed face
shall be hacked down to expose the coarse aggregate, kept continuously
wet for 24 hours. Vertical faces should be covered with cement/water
slurry and horizontal faces should be covered with 15 mm layer of
cement/sand grout. New concrete should then be placed immediately.
Camber
23

To formwork shall not be at the expense of the overall depth of the
concrete.
Weather
Concrete shall not be placed if temperatures above 30 degrees Celsius or
below 0 degrees Celsius are expected during concreting
Batching
shall
a) Be by mass in accurately calibrated scales or be volume in soundly
constructed gauge boxes making due allowance for bulking of the fine
aggregate.
b) Be in proportion to whole sacks of cement.
Mixing
shall
a) Be in a machine in good condition, large enough to carry the whole
mix, controlled by a competent experienced operator.
b) Be for sufficient time to ensure complete mixing of the ingredients.
Placing
shall
a) Be under the control of a competent, experienced overseer.
b) Be in a manner to prevent separation of the ingredients.
c) Be a continuous process until the pour is complete.
Compaction
a) Shall be by immersion (poker) vibrator in the hands of experienced
operators.
b) Concrete shall not be moved by vibrator.
c) Shall be sufficient to remove all air pockets and honey-combing and to
ensure complete dense concrete cover to all reinforcement.
Testing
a) Making of concrete cubes by Contractor under Project Manager's
supervision. Contractor shall arrange for transport of cubes to
approved testing laboratories. Cubes to be in sets of 3.
Curing
a) Shall commence early on the morning following the placing of the
concrete.
b) Shall be efected by keeping the concrete in a permanently wet state.
c) Membranes shall not be used.
d) Shall continue for a minimum of seven (7) days or such longer time as
may be required by the Project Manager.
24

Stripping of Formwork
a) To soffits shall not be struck until 7 days after placing of concrete (but
see below for (props).
b) To vertical faces shall not be struck until 14 days after placing
concrete.
c) Props to soffits shall not be struck until 14 days after placing concrete.
d) Shall not be stripped without the Employer's or the Project Manager's
approval who has the power to vary the above items.
Patching
a) To defective work shall not be undertaken before the item has been
shown to the Project Manager.
b) Is a sign of poor workmanship. The Project Manager shall have the
right to reject the complete element if an unreasonable amount of
patching has to be done, or if patching will spoil the appearance of
the finished concrete.
Records
Are to be kept by the Contractor, showing date and time of each concrete
pour, the weather conditions, the temperature, the number of the cubes
which represent the concrete, the slump and any other items which the
Contractor and/or the Project Manager consider relevant. These records
are to be made available for the Project Manager inspection when
required.
FOUNDATIONS
Foundations to Transformers and for circuit breakers, switches and
insulators pedestals shall be at a depth not less than 1200 mm from the
existing ground level.
4.1.6.3 BUILDER'S WORK
Setting out Walling
The Contractor shall provide proper setting out rods and set out all work
on the same for courses, openings, heights, etc. and shall build the walls
and piers, etc. to the widths, depths and heights indicated on the
drawings and as directed and approved by the Project Manager.
Materials
a) Cement
Cement shall be as described in concrete Works, Part 6B.
b) Fine Aggregates
Fine aggregates for concrete blocks shall be as described for fine
aggregate in Concrete Works.
c) Coarse Aggregate
Coarse aggregate for concrete blocks shall be good, hard, clean
aggregates from an approved quarry. It shall be free from all decomposted materials and shall be graded up to 7 mm, and all as
described for coarse aggregate, Concrete Works.
25
Concrete Blocks
Concrete blocks for walling shall be provided by the Contractor complying
with B.S. 6073, and made in approved block manufacturing machines.
Minimum thickness of blocks in external walls shall be 150 mm, and in
internal walls the thickness shall be minimum 100 mm.
Blocks in external walls shall be hollow type. The volume of the cavities
shall be not more than 50 % of the gross volume, and the dimensions of
the cavities arranged so that each cavity is vertically continuous when
the blocks are bonded. Blocks in internal walls shall be of the solid type.
Samples of the proposed block types shall be approved by the Project
Manager before any walling work is commenced.
Blocks shall be cast under sheds in suitable block manufacturing
machines either power driven or hand operated. The form shall be of
steel, and accurately made to size to give the required shape and
squareness of block. The concrete shall be vibrated during casting to
achieve a dense and uniform concrete. The material shall contain only
sufficient water to obtain full chemical reaction of the cement and to give
proper workability of the constituents.
The ratio of combined aggregate to cement shall not exceed 3:1. The
Contractor shall present his proposal for mix recipe supported by test
results for the Project Manager's approval.
Concrete shall have a minimum 28 days strength of 25 N/mm2 in
accordance with B.S. 1881. Mixing shall take place in mechanical mixers
so as to thoroughly mix the constituents to a uniform consistency before
casting.
On removal from the machine the blocks shall be carefully deposited on
edge on boarding or a clean concrete floor under sheds so as to prevent
drying out by the sun for 3 days. During this time blocks shall be kept
constantly damp. The blocks may then be laid on edge in the open and
kept damp by spraying or covering with wet hessian or by other means
for a further 5 days. The blocks may then be stacked if required, but not
more than one metre high, and in such a way as to prevent damage to
the edges and corners.
No blocks may be used in building or be transported to site before having
reached required 28 days strength criterion. All concrete blocks shall be
of even texture and properly mixed ingredients and all portions of the
block shall be properly set and hardened concrete.
Blocks shall be free from cracks or blemishes and shall be true to shape
and size with clean sharp edges and corners and with corners truly
square. Damaged blocks shall immediately be removed from the site. No
dimension of a block shall deviate individually by more than 3 mm from
the correct size. The average length, width and height of a sample of 15
blocks should neither be longer nor less than 2 mm than the correct size.
Dressed natural stone blocks at least 200mm width may be used as
alternative to the concrete blocks.
26

Cement Mortar
The cement mortar is to be mixed in the proportions of 1 Cement, 4
Sand, and thoroughly incorporated with a sufficiency of water. Any
cement mortar which has been left for more than one hour shall not be
used in the Works.
Building Walling
All blockwork shall be laid in raking stretcher bond solidly bedded, jointed
and flushed up in mortar. Where wall faces are to be plastered the joints
shall be raked out to form a key. The blocks shall be thoroughly wetted
for at least 24 hour before laying. Walls shall be carried up evenly course
by course. During laying an open joint not less than 15 mm wide shall be
left between the ends of all concrete lintels, whether pre-cast or cast insitu and the blocks adjacent to these ends. These open joints shall be left
as long as possible during construction and not filled until plastering or
other works render such filling necessary. All such joints shall be properly
filled in before the completion of the work. External walls shall be
reinforced with two 8 mm high yield steel bars in every third horizontal
mortar joint.
Blockwork which is not to be rendered or plastered shall be finished with
a fair face and the blocks shall be selected for even texture and
unmarked faces, regular shape and square unbroken arrisses. The
blockwork shall be pointed as the work proceeds with a neat joint. Where
blockwork is the be rendered or plastered the joint shall be raked out 10
mm deep as the work proceeds to form an adequate key.
galvanised steel ties with fishtailed end cast into the concrete spaced at
alternate courses and extending not less than 150 mm into the block
joints. All mortar joints are not to exceed 15 mm or less than 12 mm.
Lintels
Concrete lintels shall be used for all openings and shall be reinforced with
two 12 mm high yield steel bars. Lintels shall have a minimum bearing of
500 mm at the ends.
Structural Steelworks Switchgear building
Structural steelwork shall be shop-fabricated from structural shapes of
medium grade carbon steel in suitable lengths for easy transport and
erection. The structural members shall be jointed or fixed on site by
bolting or welding. Site welds should be minimised.
All workmanship and fabrication shall be in accordance with the best
practice and shall generally comply with the requirements of B.S. 449.
The greatest accuracy shall be observed to ensure that all parts fit
together correctly on erection within the tolerances stated in this section.
Steelworks shall include all materials, bolts and attachments, cleats,
brackets, gussets, etc.
Where required in the Contract, the Contractor shall design the steelwork
to comply with the information given on the Contract Drawings. Loading
and factors of safety shall comply with relevant codes and regulations.
Shop drawings shall be prepared using welding symbols to B.S. 499
where appropriate. design calculations and shop drawings must be
submitted to the Project Manager for his approval prior to fabrication of
27

members. The approval of shop drawings and calculations by the Project
Manager shall not relieve the Contractor of the full responsibility for any
discrepancies, errors, omissions or failure arising therefrom.
All steelwork shall be transported, handled, stored on Site and erected so
that members are not damaged or subjected to excessive stresses.
Fabrication and erection shall comply with B.S. 5950 Part 2.
ROOFING
9.1.0 ROOFING SHEETS PRE-PAINTED MILD STEEL/G.C.I. SHEETING
9.1.1 Generally
Pre-painted corrugated mild steel sheeting shall be No. 24 Gauge
of best quality in accordance with B.S. 3038, and shall conform to
Uganda Bureau of Standards.
9.1.2 Laps
Sheets shall be laid with 150 mm end laps and side laps of 30
mm corrugations on the side away from the prevailing wind.
9.1.3 Fixing of steel and timber
The sheets shall be fixed to mild steel angle purlins with 6 mm
diameter pre-painted mild steel hook bolts 50 mm longer in the
shank than the depth of the steel purlins to which they are fixed
each with one diamond shaped bitumen washer, one, pre-painted
steel washer, and one pre-painted steel nut. The sheets shall be
fixed to timber purlins by using 14 gauge drive screw with
bituminous felt washer backed by cranked diamond shaped
aluminium washer.
9.1.4 Holes
Holes for bolts or screws shall be punched from the inside of the
sheet and through the ridges of corrugations NOT in the hollows.
A clearance of 0.80 mm on the bolt or screw must be allowed.
9.1.5 Ridges, Valleys, Flashings
The ridges, valleys, flashings etc. shall be formed of No. 24 gauge
pre-painted mild steel sheeting of a quality equal to the sheeting
on each side at 450 mm centres maximum with 6 mm diameter
seam bolts 20 mm long each with one diamond shaped bitumen
washer, one pre-painted steel washer and one pre-painted steel
nut.
Ridges and valleys shall not be less than 375 mm girth.
9.1.6 Bolts and Screws
All fixing bolts and screws shall comply with B.S. 1494.
28
Materials, accessories and fixings shall be ordered from an approved

supplier and the Contractor shall as and when required by the Project
Manager, submit and deliver samples of nay materials for inspection and
testing.
Roof sheeting shall be hot dip galvanised troughed mild steel sheeting
and shall be of minimum thickness 0.6 mm. The sheeting shall have
approved plastic coating on face side. Type and brand of such sheeting
shall be proposed by the Contractor with his Tender together with
supporting specifications.
The sheets shall be laid with 200 mm end laps and double corrugation
side laps away from the prevailing wind. The sheets shall be fixed to
lightgauge steel purlins with galvanised coach screws and seating
washers.
Holes for screws shall be carefully drilled in the ridges of the
corrugations. Great care shall be exercised to avoid damage and
disfiguration to the surface coating of the sheets. At eaves and exposed
edges the corrugations shall be closed with purpose made corrugation
closers.
Maximum load acting on the building in accordance with local or regional
standards.
Switchgear building - ceiling
All rooms included 11 kV switch-gear is assumed to have ceilings
consisting of protective RCC slab 150mm.
Roof Drainage
Gutters and down pipes shall, unless otherwise shown on the drawings,
be approved plastic coated steel of diameters 200 mm and 150 mm
respectively. One down pipe shall be provided for approximately every 50
m2 roof area.
Joints shall be lapped 150 mm in the direction of the flow and soldered.
Slip joints shall be provided to allow for expansion. All hangers, brackets,
and fastenings should be of the same metal as the gutter or of
compatible materials. Gutters and down pipes including supports shall be
designed for a concentrated load of 100 kg. Screens or strainers shall be
provided to prevent debris from clogging the down pipes.
Metalwork
Unless otherwise specified, metalwork shall be carried out in accordance
with the provision of B.S. 5950 and other relevant BSI standards.
All steel shall unless otherwise specified, be hot dip galvanised.
Prior to fabrication the Contractor shall submit shop drawings to the
Project Manager for approval.
Metal Doors
Metal doors shall comply to the standard drawing issued.
a) General
29

Metal doors shall be supplied by approved manufacturers.
All doors shall be painted as specified under Painting and Decorating. All
locks shall be master-keyed with three master keys supplied in addition
to three regular keys for each door or gate.
Doors shall be measured by the number of doors of specified dimensions.
The rate shall include all supplies, site works, painting and hardware.
b) Doors
Door frames shall be pressed steel frames made from minimum 2 mm
thick steel sheeting and reinforced where door closers are fixed.
Thresholds shall be made from rolled steel sheeting approximately 100
mm wide and 12 mm high.
Door shall be filled with mineral wool acoustic insulation and lined both
sides with steel sheeting minimum 1.25 mm thick. Total thickness of door
shall be 45-55 mm.
All doors shall have fire rating Class A 30.
Placing of doors in accordance with Switchgear building drawing.
Internal door frames are to be built to walls truly vertical and square with
six ties per frame.
External door frames are to be built in to walls truly vertical and square
with eight/ten ties per frame.
All door frames are to be from an approved manufacturer and illustrated
in the Manufacturer's Catalogue.
Door frames are to be complete with 100 mm, loose pin steel hinges
welded in position and adjustable striking plate.
Frames shall generally be built-in during construction of the walls and
securely fixed. A gap shall be left between the top of the frame and the
soffit of the lintel during construction. Frames shall be adequately
strutted to prevent distortion and shall be protected from damage during
other work.
Door frames and similar components shall be fixed with countersunk
screws or bolts with heads set into the frames.
Walls shall be built as close as possible to the frames and the gap filled
solid with mortar at each course. Render shall be neatly brought up to
the frame and well tamped into any remaining cavities. The junctions
between window frames or external door frames and external finish or
blockwork shall be caulked tight with approved mastic or mortar
wherever required, and neatly pointed. Mastic so used shall have longterm resistance against weather, insects and ultra-violet light.
Doors wider than 800 mm shall have three 100 mm hinges. Other doors
may have two hinges except where specified or detailed otherwise.
30

Door stops shall be fitted by screwed fixings where necessary.
The following type of timber doors shall be used unless otherwise
instructed by the Project Manager and shall be of approved manufacture,
true to shape and free from twists or warps:
internal doors shall be hollow core doors consisting of skeleton frames
covered with 4 mm plywood for painting. They shall be 47 mm thick
overall unless otherwise approved.
Aluminium or Steel Windows
Unless otherwise indicated windows shall consist of steel subframe with
clear glass. Windows shall be from an approved supplier and the details
thereof shall be approved by the Project Manager. Windows shall be
operable and provided with corrosion resistant metal insect screens.
Frames shall generally be built-in during construction of the walls and
securely fixed.
Placing of windows in accordance with Switchgear building drawings.
Widows are to be built in to walls truly vertical square with six ties per
frame.
All aluminium or steel windows are to the from an
manufacturer and illustrated in the Manufacturer's Catalogue.
approved
Windows are to be fitted complete with casement fastening, stays etc.

All windows shall have approved burglar bars, and approved means of
opening/locking.
Door and Window Furniture
Ironmongery shall be strongly made, well finished, good quality "stock
pattern" articles. Ironmongery for windows and doors shall be galvanised
or other approved manufacture for external use. Samples of all items
shall be submitted to the Project Manager for approval before they are
used for the Works.
All doors shall be lockable. External doors shall have approved security
locks.
Three keys for each lock, clearly labelled, shall be handled over to the
Project Manager and all ironmongery shall be cleaned, oiled, adjusted
and left in perfect working order.
MV Switch-gear, Room
Openings for pressure release
In the MV switch-gear room it is necessary to arrange for openings for
pressure release in case of explosion in one of the switch-gears.
To avoid damage in the room/building any pressure shall be released
through the openings as described.
Location of these openings must be beneath the ceiling on both
longitudinal walls in the switch-gear room. The Contractor must calculate
31

number and size of this pressure openings, and submit his proposal for
approval.
Switchgear building finishes
Switchgear building: External/internal colour in accordance with approval
of the employer. As per kplc colour codes. all fascia, lintels and skirting to
be painted as per codes
CONCRETE SWITCH GEAR PLINTHES
All concrete shall be class 25(20) vibrated unless otherwise specified.
The vibration shall be carried out by experienced operators and with
immersion type vibrations to the Architects satisfaction. Concrete
classes will be a specified in the bills. All plinths should be 300mm
above ground level and 150mm above ballast spread.
Ballasting shall be done at the yard 150mm thick.polythene sheeting to
be underlain to suppress emergence of weeds. Ballast aggregate within
the range of 30-50mm will be used. All plinths shall be plastered with
smoothing with neat NIRU coat.
Where bolts have been grouted, accurate is setting out to be done both
diagonally and linearly. Tolerances over 2mm for bolts will not be
accepted. Bolt threads to be covered during concreting and proper
cleaning with wire brush to any concrete on the bolts.
Placing of concrete shall be carried out in layers not exceeding 500 mm
deep and in sequence from one end of the form to the other.
Concrete in foundations and other underground work shall be protected
from contamination with falling earth or rock during and after placing.
Concrete structures shall NOT be loaded until the concrete is at least 21
days old or 28 days in the case of cantilevers. With the prior approval
of the Architect the structure may be loaded before this time but in no
case will loading be greater than the final design loading be permitted.
4.1.6.4 PLASTER AND FLOOR COVERINGS
6.1.1.6.4.1 FLOOR COVERINGS
The switchgear and control room shall have terrazzo floor finish and
skirting to employers approval. The office room shall have ceramic tile
floor finish and skirting
6.1.1.6.4.2 PLASTER COVERINGS
Materials
Cement and water to be as before described. The sand to be screened
through a sieve of 10 to 15 and meshes to 1 cm and to be washed if
directed.
Mixing
32

All materials for mixing are to be used in proper gauge boxes and they
are to be strike measured and not tamped down in boxes. Proper nonabsorbent stages are to be used for mixing and storing mortar. No
foreign matter must be mixed with the mortar.
The materials are to be mixed dry before adding water through a fine
hose spray. No cement mortar which has taken its initial set will be
allowed to be used.
Plaster Thickness
Unless otherwise specified all wall plasters should not be less than 13
mm thick and not more than 19 mm thick.
Cement Plaster
Cement plaster for external use to be composed of one part cement to
four parts sand and for internal use to be one part cement to five parts
sand.
Form Key
Rake out joints and roughen if necessary to form key for plaster.
For concrete surfaces, hack and apply 1:1 cement sand slush to form key.
Continuously wet for 7 days and then apply plaster.
All brickwork and concrete works should be brushed down to remove
dust and any other loose material.
Wetting
All internal and external brick or concrete surfaces are to be wetted well
before plastering.
All cement plaster must be kept wet for at least 7 days.
Repairing Defects
All defective plaster, cracks, hollows, etc., are to be cut out to a
rectangular shape, the edges undercut to form a dovetail key and to be
made good to finish flush with the edge of the surrounding plasterwork.
All patches will be to the approval of the Project Manager and if the
defects can not be made good satisfactorily then the whole surface is to
be removed and re-plastered at the Contractor's expense.
4.1.6.5 GLAZING AND PAINTING
Glass
All glass is to be of approved manufacture, free from bubbles, waveness,
scratches or other imperfections and is to be well bedded, puttied and
backputtied and secured with glazing pins or clips in steel sashes or with
sprigs in wood sashes.
All glass shall be carefully cut to the required sizes so that all panes of
figured or textured glass are uniform in appearance with the pattern
parallel to the edges and wired glass shall be so cut that the wires are
parallel to the edges.
33

Putty
Putty for glazing to steel sashes is to be of approved proprietary brand..
Rebates are to be thoroughly back puttied before glazing and all putty is
to be carefully trimmed and cleaned of so that back putty finishes level
with the top of sections internally, external putty covers sight lines
exactly and finished straight and true. Rough surfaces to putty will not
be allowed and any defective putty will be cut out and replaced at the
Contractor's expense.
Rebates of wood sashes are to be given one coat of priming immediately
before glazing.
Mirrors
Glass mirrors are to be of the thickness specified, of selected quality
glass, silvered on back, with protective sealing coat and arrised edges,
unless otherwise described.
Generally
Allow for removing and replacing all cracked, broken or defective glass
and leave thoroughly clean and perfect at completion.
Materials for Decoration
All paints, primers, varnishes, emulsions, stopping, etc., to be of
approved manufacture.
The contractor is to use proprietary ready mixed paints obtained from an
approved supplier.
When a coat of proprietary paint is applied, the manufacturer's priming
and previous coats suitable for the particular type are to be used.
All materials must be brought on to the site in unopened tins, and no
dilution or adulteration will be permitted, unless approved by the Project
Manager.
Emulsion Paint
Emulsion paint shall be PVA (Polyvinyl Acetate) alkali-resisting formulated
with high washability and capable of resisting a 8 000 scrub test. The
first coat to be specially formulated base coat for direct application to the
specified surface.
Fillers
Higher grade cellulose fillers are to be used internally and premixed filler
to be used externally.
High Gloss Paints
Primers for application to bare metal to be red oxide primer for iron and
steel.
For galvanised metal to be an approved zinc chromate or
galvanised iron primer. For application on wood or plaster etc., to be an
approved alkali primer.
Finish enamels
34

Finish enamels to be synthetic enamel high capacity paint with high
coverage and high gloss finish unless otherwise described.
Workmanship
All surfaces are to be free from moisture, dust, grease and dirt and
rubbed down smooth according to approved practice.
All plaster to be free from efflorescence and treated with one coat of
petrifying liquid, approved sealer or alkali primer if required. Hardwall
plaster to be glass papered before decorating.
Rectifying defects to decorated surfaces due to dampness, efflorescence,
chemical reaction, etc., will be to the Contractor's account, as these
surfaces must be checked and the appropriate precautions taken before
applying the decoration.
Metalwork must be scraped free of rust, primed as described and finished
as later specified.
Galvanised sheet iron, pipes, etc., are to be cleaned down to remove
manufacturer's ammoniated dichromate protective covering, primed as
described and finished as later specified.
Coated pipes are to be cleaned down, stopped and primed with one coat
of aluminium primer and finished as later specified.
All knots in woodwork to be treated to prevent bleeding. Large or loose
knots to be cut out and be replaced with sound wood, or cut back and
filled. Small knots to be treated with two thin coats of Shellac in
methylated spirits. Woodwork to be glass papered to a smooth surface
with all sharp arrises removed, all cracks, crevices, holes, etc., to be
scraped out, primed as described and stopped with hard stopping, faced
up and rubbed down to an even surface and finished as later specified.
All metal and woodwork to have the specified number of coats in addition
to the priming coat.
Every coat of paint must be a good covering coat and must dry hard and
be well rubbed down to a smooth surface before the next coat is applied,
otherwise the Contractor will be required to apply extra coats at his own
expense.
Each coat of paint to be of a distinctive colour: sample colours are to be
prepared for the final coat which is to be an approved colour scheme and
must not be applied without the permission of the Project Manager. After
undercoats are on, the painter shall check all work and grainfill as
necessary with filler as described.
NOTE:
a) All paints specified are to be obtained from an approved manufacturer
and used in strict accordance with their instructions.
Their
representative will check the paints being used and the method of
application and will advise accordingly.
35

b) This section of the work to be carried out by an approved firm of
decorators who must allow for the very best finish possible and of the
highest quality obtainable.
c) The prices must allow for the removal and refitting of all beads,
fittings, fastenings, ironmongery, etc., removed for decoration
purposes to be carried out by skilled tradesmen of the appropriate
trade.
4.1.6.6 SUBSTATION BUILDING SIZES.
Proposed substation control buildings should be in conformity with
relevant building codes with regard to room size and safety, and as per
KPLC design standards. The building must meet the requirements
described in the scope of work and take into consideration future
expansion. The buildings will be classified as 16pannel, 13pannel,
metering rooms.PS24 Panel room shall be 13 panel standard control room
as shown in drawings.
4.1.6.7 IRONMONGERY AND METALWORK
General
All ironmongery shall be of the best respective types required and no
alternative articles will be accepted unless approved. Articles described
as brass must be solid brass and not brass finish. Chromium plated
articles must be plated satin finish on solid brass or other approved
metal.
Where items for ironmongery are required to be fitted to steel door
frames, etc., the Contractor must ensure that the Manufacture makes
provisions for the correct fitting or lock striking plates, hinges, cleat
holes, bolt keeps, etc.
Locks and Keys
Locks are to be two lever unless otherwise described. All locks are to be
provided with two keys which must be handed over to the owner on
completion of the Works with identification labels attached.
Steel
Steelwork for general building construction is to be of approved
manufacture complying generally with the appropriate British Standards
and free from all defects, oil, dirt, loose rust, scale or other deleterious
matter.
METALWORK
STANDARDS AND CODES OF PRACTICE
The requirements of the following British Standards and Codes of
Practice shall be observed:13.1.1
British Standards
36

a)
B.S. 4 part 1
Structural steel, hot rolled screws
b)
B.S. 4 part 2
Structural steel, hot rolled hollow sections.
c)
B.S. 325
Black cup and countersunk bolts and nuts.
d)
B.S. 916
Black bolts screws and nuts.
e)
B.S. 4174
Self tapping
screws.
f)
B.S. 405
Metal washers
purposes.
g)
1161 and addendum

Aluminium
and
aluminium
alloy
sections for general engineering purposes.
h)
B.S. 938
Metal ore welding of structural steel tubes.
i)
B.S. 1856
Metal ore welding of mild steel.
j)
B.S. 729 part 1
Hot dip galvanized coating iron and steel

articles.
k)
B.S. 1474
Wrot aluminium and aluminium alloy
l)
B.S. 990 parts 1+2 Steel windows

buildings)
screws
for
and
metallic
general
(domestic
drive
engineering
and
similar
Codes of Practice
a)
C.P. 499
Metal railings and balustrades.
b)
C.P. 117
Composite construction in structural steel

and concrete.
c)
C.P. 2008
Protection of iron and steel structures from

corrosion.
d)
C.P. 3012
Cleaning and preparation of metal surfaces.
e)
NOTE:
The contractors attention is drawn to Section

P of the Standard Method of Measurement.
MATERIALS AND WORKMANSHIP

Iron and steel where galvanised shall comply with the requirements of B.S.
729, part 1 entirely coated with fine fabrication by complete immersion in
a zinc bath in one operation and all excess carefully removed.
The finished surfaces shall be clean and uniform.
37
All work in aluminium shall comply with the requirements of the

standard mentioned above.
All smiting and bending shall be soundly and neatly executed, care
being taken not to overheat.
All strap bolts and similar work shall be forged neat and clean from the
anvil.
All welded connections shall be ground to a smooth finish and rates shall
be deemed to allow for this.
Steel windows shall comply with the requirements of the standard
mentioned above and shall be fixed in accordance with the
manufacturers instructions.
All mild steel except galvanised shall be cleaned of rust and scale,
painted one coat red lead priming paint before delivering to site and the
rates shall include for this.
PLUMBING AND ENGINEERING INSTALLATIONS
STANDARDS AND CODES OF PRACTICE
The requirements of the following British Standards and Codes of
Practice shall be observed:British Standards
a)
B.S. 416
Cast Iron spigot and socket soil, waste

and ventilating pipes (sand cast and
spun) and fittings.
b)
B.S. 2871 part
Copper and Copper Alloy Tubes (for

water, gas and sanitation)
c)
B.S. 864 part
Capillary and compression fittings of

copper and copper alloy.
d)
B.S. 1184
Copper and Copper Alloy Traps
e)
B.S. 4576
Unplasticised P.V.C. rainwater goods.
f)
B.S. 3974
Pipe supports.
g)
B.S. 1494
Fixing
accessories
for
building
purposes (gutter bolts, pipe brackets)
B.S. 1212 part 1+2
Ball valves (excluding floats)
B.S. 2456
Floats for ball valves (plastic) for cold

water.
h)
i)
38

k)
B.S. 1125
W.C. flushing cisterns.
B.S. 417 part 1+2
Galvanised mild steel cisterns, covers,

tanks and cylinders.
B.S. 2760
Pitch-impregnated
fittings.
B.S. 1387
Steel cubes and tubulars.
o)
B.S. 4514
Unplasticised
P.V.C.
solid
ventilating
pipe,
fittings
accessories.
and
and
p)
B.S. 3505
Unplasticised P.V.C.
water services
cold
q)
B.S. 143 and 1256
Malleable cast iron and cast copper

alloy,screwed pipe fittings.
r)
B.S. 78 part 2 and B.S. 1180

Cast iron spigot and socket
pipes (vertically cast) and spigot and
socket fittings.
s)
B.S. 1010 part 1+2
l)
m)
n)
fibre
pipes
pipes
for
and
Draw-of taps and stop valves for

water services.
Codes of Practice
a)
C.P. 304
Sanitary pipework above ground.
b)
C.P. 310
Water supply
c)
C.P. 305
Sanitary appliances.
d)
NOTE:
01.
2.
The contractors attention is

drawn to SectionQ of the
Standard Method of
Measurements.
The whole of the work shall be
executed by an approved licensed
sub-contractor.
PIPEWORK AND FITTINGS

Black steel and pipework up to 65 mm nominal bore shall be
manufactured in accordance with B.S. 21. All fittings shall be of
malleable iron and manufactured in accordance with B.S. 143.
Pipe joints shall be screwed and socketed and sufficient coupling and
unions shall be allowed so that fittings can be disconnected without
cutting the pipe. Running niples and long screws shall not be permitted
unless exceptionally approved by the architect.
39
All black steel pipework - 80 mm nominal bore up to 150 mm nominal

bore, shall be manufactured to comply in all respects with the
specifications for 65 mm pipe, except that screwed and bolted flanges
shall replace union and couplings for the pointing of pipes to valves and
other items of plant.
All flanges shall comply with the requirements of B.S. 10, to relevant
classifications contained hereinafter.
4.1.6.8 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION

Scope of Works
This section of the specification relates to the supply, installation, testing
and commissioning of the complete electrical services within the
switchgear building, including:
1.
2.
3.
LV Switchgear
Lighting
Small Power
The switchgear building consists of a switchgear room.

A full specification of the electrical equipment proposed by the contractor
shall be included in the Bid.
The Employer reserves the right to reject any of the contractor suppliers
if he feels the product does not meet with the contract specification.
Electrical Services General Description
The complete electrical installation shall comply with all local standards
and rates.
Should there be any conflict between local standards and what has been
specified the sub-contractor should draw it to the attention of the Project
Manager.
Lighting
a. Luminaries shall be fluorescent lamps except for the toilets and
outdoor lighting (except switchyard and perimeter lighting) where GLS
lamps can be utilised. In switchgear room: 250 lux is required. In
offices 500 lux is required.
b. All luminaries shall be supplied, installed and tested by the electrical
sub-contractor.
c. All metal work on the luminaries shall be connected to an insulated
earth protective conductor.
d. Lighting Control Switches
e. Outdoor lighting shall be controlled from an automatic photo cell.
f. Lighting control switches shall be flush pattern with white finished
plates.
g. Grid switches shall have 5 or 10 amp rating, generally where
fluorescent discharge luminaries are controlled switches have 10 amp
rating where as with low energy PL lamp, 5 amp switches shall be
installed.
40
Socket Outlets and Accessories

Reference should be made to the Standards given above for details on
the socket outlets and accessories.
Socket outlets to be mounted at 300 mm above floor level.
Conduit cast into the building structure shall be of the heavy duty PVC
type. PVC conduits shall not be fixed to the surface of the structure.
AC Installation
The Contractor shall supply and install wiring and insulator for the AC units,
including final connection to the unit. fire extinguishers and smoke detectors shall
be fixed as per specialist instruction.
4.1.4.6.9 JOINERY
STANDARD AND CODES OF PRACTICE
The requirements of the following British Standards and codes of
Practice shall be observed:British Standards
a)
B.S.
565
Glossary of terms relating to timber and

woodwork.
b)
B.S.
4471
Dimensions for softwood
c)
B.S.
1186 Part 1+2
Quality of timber and workmanship in

joinery
d)
B.S.
373
Methods of testing small clear specimen of

timber
e)
B.S.
4512
Methods of test for clear plywood
f)
B.S.
1142 part 3
Fibre building
softwood)
g)
B.S.
3444
Blockboard and laminated board
h)
B.S.
1445
Plywood
manufactured
hardwoods
i)
B.S.
3794
Decorative laminated plastic sheets
j)
B.S.
459 part 2
Flush doors
k)
B.S.
459 part 3
Fire check flush doors and wood and metal

frame (1.5 hour and 1 hour types)
l)
B.S.
1567
Wood door frame and linings
board
(Insulation
from
board
tropical
41
m)
n)
o)
p)
q)
B.S.
584
Wood trims (softwood

skirtings, quadrants, etc)
B.S.
1204 parts 1+2

Synthetic
resin
adhesive
(phenolic and type MR-Moisture
amino plastic) for wood Resistant
Type INT - Interior
B.S.
1210
Wood screws
B.S.
1494 part 2
Fixing
accessories
for
building
purposes (bolts, screws, staples, etc)
B.S.
4174
Felt tapping
drive screws.
screws
architrave
and
metallic
Codes of Practice
a)
C.P.
201
Timber flooring
b)
C.P.
201 parts 1+2 Flooring of wood and wood products
c)
C.P.
151
Doors and windows including frames and

linings
d)
NOTE: The contractors attention is drawn to Section M of the

Standard Method of Measurements.
11.2.0 DEFINITIONS
Selected
The term selected shall be deemed to include keeping the
material so described clean for staining, polishing, or any similar
finish.
Hardwood or the like
The term hardwood or the like which is used as a statement to
which ironmongery is to be fixed, shall be deemed to include
plywood and other manufactured materials, except when faced
with metal, laminated plastics or the like.
MATERIALS
Terminology
All technical terms shall be as defined in the Glossary of Terms
used in Timber Standards, KS 02 1976 and, where applicable, the
British Standard Code of Practice No. 112.
Timber Generally
42

Timber shall be sound, well conditioned, properly seasoned,
containing not more than 15% moisture for joinery work or 18%
moisture for carpentry work, and complying with the following
performance specification:Performance Specifications
These specifications refer to all conifer (soft-wood) and broad
leaved (hard-wood) species and apply to timber sections
incorporated in the building after they have had a sufficient time
to season. The period required for green timber to season fully
after installation under cover shall be assumed to be one month
for each 25 mm thickness.
Unless noted elsewhere, timber shall conform to the listed
specifications as follows:a)
Grade
Furniture and high class joinery
b)
GJ
Grade
General joinery
c)
S75
Grade Structural grade having grade

stress value of 75% of basic stress.
d)
S50
Grade
Structural grade having grade stress value

of 50% of basic stress.
e)
Grade
A general construction grade for nonstressed construction.
f)
Grade
A low grade for low quality work.
Defects shall not exceed those specified in Tables, 1, 2 & 3 of KS

02-17.
WORKMANSHIP
The timber for joinery shall be as specified in the Export Timber
Ordinance of 1951 and obtained from an approved sawmill. All such
timber shall be Prime Grade and reasonably straight, grained and shall
be purchased immediately the contract is signed. It shall be open
stacked on site for such further seasoning as may be required.
Timber which in the opinion of the architect does not satisfy the
specification in character or condition or is not suitable for the
requirements of the work because of the blemishes it contains shall not
be used.
The following timber shall be used:a)
Podocarpus
b)
Mvule
43

c)
Cedar
d)
Elgon Olive
a)
Elgon Teak
b)
Camphor
c)
Mahogany
d)
Meru Oak
e)
Pamba Cofee
f)
Nkalati
All timber shall be wrot by machine dressings. Non-exposed faces and

machine marks shall be removed with hand plane and sanded out,
unless otherwise specified.
The dimensions and thickness stated in the Bills of Quantities are the
finished sizes (unless otherwise stated) and the contractor will allow for
all necessary waste.
The joinery shall be worked strictly in accordance with drawings, and is
to be framed up and put together as soon as possible and stored in the
drying room, for as long as possible before being wedged up. All joints
and angles are to be glued and where necessary cross tongued with
hardwood tongues and surfaces finished clean and smooth, with
machine marks sand-papered out before fixing.
Should any of the joinery work shrink, warp, wind or deflect unduly
before the end of the maintenance period of the contract, the work is to
be taken down and rectified at the contractors sole expense.
Tolerance in thickness shall conform with the following extracts from the
Government of Kenya Grading Rules:Hardwood Grading: (First and Second Grades):a)
1.6 mm over size on pieces up to 25 mm in thickness
b)
3 mm oversize on pieces over 25 mm and up to 51 mm in

thickness
c)
6 mm over size on pieces over 51 mm in thickness; undersize will

not be permitted.
d)
Softwood Grading:
Appearance Grades (First and Second
Grades); undersize will not be allowed.
44

e)
Oversize: All timber to be sawn oversize b 1.6 mm per 25 mm of

thickness and width. Not more than 3 mm in thickness and not
more than 6 mm in width.
Seasoning of timber shall be to moisture content of not more than 15%.

Pressure impregnation treatment shall be as for Carpentry.
Where joinery is described as screwed, this is deemed to include sinking
the head of the screw and pellating with similar timber, and to grain in
with the finished joinery.
All hardwood joinery shall be finished for oil paint/varnish, unless
otherwise stated.
The rates shall be deemed to allow for all nails and screws and fixing,
all labour, cuttings, notching, halving, morticing, tenoning and wedges
except where otherwise provided.
All work described as plugged shall be fixed with screws to plugs
formed by drilling concrete walls, etc., with the proper tool of suitable
size at 750 mm spacing and filling the holes completely with philplug
rawl plastic or rawl plugs in accordance with the manufacturers
instructions. Alternatively and where so agreed by the architect,
hardwood dovetailed fixing slips in preservative and cut and primed or
bedded in cement mortar (1:3) may be used.
The rates are to allow for all surfaces of joinery where in contact with
walling or plaster, or where otherwise unexpected being treated before
fixing with two coats of approved wood preservative.
Laminated plastic sheeting shall be formica manufactured by M/s
Thomas de la Rue and Co. or equal and approved, 1.6 mm thick and
accurately fixed with approved type water-proof impact adhesive and in
the colours selected by the architect.
Blockboard shall comply with the standard as mentioned above.
Plywood shall comply with the standard as mentioned above and faced
both sides unless otherwise stated.
Fibreboard shall be 12.7 Celotex or other equal approved softboard.
All joinery work shall be accurately set out and framed together soon
after commencement of the building as is practicable but not to be
wedged up or glued until the building is ready for fixing the same. Any
portions that warp, wind or dent shall be removed and new ones fixed
in their place together with other work which may be afected thereby
all at the contractors expense.
All work shall be properly morticed, tennoned, housed, shouldered,
dovetailed, notched, primed, bradded, etc. as directed and to the
satisfaction of the architect and all glued up with the best quality glue.
45

Joints in joinery shall be as specified or detailed, and so designed and
secured as to resist or compensate for any stresses to which they may
be subjected. All nail strings, etc. are to be punched and puttied. Loose
joints are to be where provisions for shrinkage is necessary; glued joints
where shrinkage need not be considered and where conditions may be
damp must be of the resin type. For non-load-bearing joints or where
dry conditions may be guaranteed resin or organic glues may be used.
All exposed surfaces for joinery shall be wrot and all arises cased of
by planning and sand papered to an approved finish suitable to the
specified treatment.
3 mm reduction of specified sizes will be allowed to each wrot face
except in members 25 mm thick or less or where, described as finished
sizes in which case joinery shall hold up the full dimensions.
In fixing all beads, fillets and small members shall be fixed with round
or oval brads or nails well punched in and stopped. All large members
shall be fixed with screws. Brass screws shall be used for fixing of all
hardwoods, to the heads in and pellated over with wood pellets to
match the gain.
Rates shall include for bedding frames, cills, etc in mortar or dressing
surfaces of walls, etc in lieu.
Round wood plugs shall not be used, and screws or plugs shall be
spaced at 750 mm centres.
All fixed joinery which in the opinion of the architect is liable to become
bruised or damaged in any way shall be completely cased and
protected by the contractor at his own expense until completion of
works.
Bottom edges of doors shall be painted or polished with two coats of
approved primer before fixing.
PARTICULAR SPECIFICATIONS
Chipboard
Chipboard shall comply with B.S. 5669.
Blockboard
Blockboard shall be approved imported or local manufacture
complying in all aspects with B.S.1142 of the thickness specified
and softwood faced both sides unless otherwise described.
Samples of blockboard veneered with hardwood as specified,
shall be submitted to the Architect for his approval before any
orders are placed.
Fibreboard
Fibreboard shall be Celotex, or other equal and approved make,
12mm thick and complying in all aspects with the requirements
of B.S. 1142.
46
Hardboard
Hardboard shall be tempered and of approved manufacture, in
accordance with B.S.1142, suitable for painting, prepared and
fixed in accordance with the makers instructions.
Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF)
MDF shall be used wherever possible in place of blockboard or
chipboard. The MDF used shall be to the thickness specified, shall
be flat, smooth, straight, without any imperfections, surface
distortion, broken or chipped edges. MDF used in damp locations
(i.e. toilets) shall be moisture resistant MDF.
Laminated Plastic Sheeting
Laminated plastic sheeting shall be 1.5mm Formica or other
approved sheeting complying with B.S.3794 Class 1, in colours to
be selected by the Architect.
Prior to fixing laminated sheeting, the Contractor shall obtain the
Architects written approval to a sample.
Pressure Impregnated Treatment
All timber so described is to be vacuum pressure impregnated
with Celcure A preservative to a dry salt nett retention of 10.5
kg Celcure A per cubic metre of timber and stacked until the
moisture content returns to 18% or 15% as above described.
Timber to be treated shall be machined to finished sections and
cut to component lengths before impregnation.
Cut ends,
notchings, borings and faces of timber sawn after treatment are
to be swabbed literally on cross cut ends with Walmanol end
grain preservative, allowed to dry, and then applied in a similar
manner a second time.
SANITARY APPLIANCES
All sanitary appliances supplied and installed as part of the sub-contract
works shall comply with the general requirements of B.S. Code of
Practice 305 and the particular requirements of the latest applicable
B.S. Specifications.
Plastic Pipes
P.V.C. pipe work and fittings for the use above ground in
connection with internal building services shall be in the Terrain
soil, waste and ventilation system to B.S. 4514 in modified PVC.
The sub-contractor is referred to Product Catalogues in respect of
Terrain Plastics Systems for the Building Industry before and after
47

submission of tenders as no claims for want of knowledge will be
entertained.
48

Standard Specifications Substations Civil Works

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Standard Specifications Substations Civil Works

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STANDARD

KPLC SUBSTATION CIVIL WORKS STANDARDS

Alternations, Additions and Extensions

In all alterations or extensions to existing Buildings and/or

Units Of Measurements and Standardization

The contractor shall provide on site sufficient labour, plant, materials

Safeties and Cleanliness of Plant and Materials

KPLC SUBSTATION CIVIL WORKS STANDARDS

Site Electricity Supply

Site Water Supply

Materials, commodities, components and equipment are to be

KPLC SUBSTATION CIVIL WORKS STANDARDS

Where commodities or workmanship are specified by reference

All materials, commodities or components and equipment must be

PARTICULAR SPECIFICATION CIVIL WORKS

4.1.1.1 Location of the Works

Work for access road

4.1.1.3 Switchgear Building

KPLC SUBSTATION CIVIL WORKS STANDARDS

Toilet facility European type w,c,armitage shanks white or

KPLC SUBSTATION CIVIL WORKS STANDARDS

Liaison with Police and Other Officials

Explosives and Blasting

KPLC SUBSTATION CIVIL WORKS STANDARDS

Water Supplies for the Works

Employer's Approval of Finished Works

KPLC SUBSTATION CIVIL WORKS STANDARDS

Basic Survey and Setting Out

4.1.2.1 Bush Clearing

KPLC SUBSTATION CIVIL WORKS STANDARDS

Determination of the Atterberg Limits in accordance with BS 1377.

The term gravel used throughout this section shall be

Unless otherwise specified or directed by the Engineer,

The material for base shall have CBR of least 80.

The material for sub-base shall have a CBR of at

KPLC SUBSTATION CIVIL WORKS STANDARDS

Unless otherwise specified, the CBR shall be

In addition to the CBR requirements, the gravel material

Quarry waste shall mean material to the same

KPLC SUBSTATION CIVIL WORKS STANDARDS

4.1.2.3 Removal of Top Soil

4.1.2.4 Order of Work

KPLC SUBSTATION CIVIL WORKS STANDARDS

4.1.2.6 Spoil Material

KPLC SUBSTATION CIVIL WORKS STANDARDS

Setting Out and Preparation for Earthworks

KPLC SUBSTATION CIVIL WORKS STANDARDS

Construction of Earthworks to Formation

Unsuitable Material Information

Spreading and Compaction of Embankment and Fills

KPLC SUBSTATION CIVIL WORKS STANDARDS

The tolerances permitted in the overall width of the bottom of

Protection of Embankment Slopes

KPLC SUBSTATION CIVIL WORKS STANDARDS

MATERIALS FOR THE WORKS

KPLC SUBSTATION CIVIL WORKS STANDARDS

DRAINAGE AND STORM WATER

KPLC SUBSTATION CIVIL WORKS STANDARDS