Analytical Geometry Questions

ANALYTIC GEOMETRY GRADE
12
***
THE CIRCLE
In grade 10 and 11 you were introduced to straight
line analytic geometry.
This knowledge is still going to be tested in your
grade 12 examination.
It is therefore important that you revise your
work.
In grade 12 you will be introduced to circle
analytic geometry.
Radius: any line segment that connects the centre
of the circle and any point on the circumference.
Diameter: any line segment that joins two points

on the circumference and passes through the
centre.
Tangent: Any line segment that touches a curve (in

this case, a circle) externally at only one point.
S. C. Nhlumayo
Page | 1

12
***
CIRCLE WITH CENTRE AT THE ORIGIN (0 ; 0)

Defining Equation: x 2 y 2 r 2
Page | 2
NOTE: Knowledge of transformation geometry may be

needed, especially rotation about the origin
through 90o, 180o and any angle
***
CIRCLE WITH ANY CENTRE
(a ; b)
Centre-radius form: x a 2 y b 2 r 2
(a ; b) is the centre of the circle.
r is the radius.
General form: x 2 dx y 2 ey f 0
You can switch between these two forms by squaring
a binomial and completing the square.
Centre-radius general form: square the
binomial.
***
General form centre-radius: complete the square

Please make sure that you are able to switch from
centre-radius to general form!!!!!!!
S. C. Nhlumayo
***

12
SCN1
Determine the centre and the radius
1.
x 2 y 2 6 x 5y 4 0
2.
x 2 2x y 2 10 y 1 0
3.
x 2 8 x y 2 2y 8
4.
x 2 5x y 2 6 y 9
5.
2x 2 2y 2 6 x 12y 3
6.
x 2 y 2 2x y 12 0
SCN2
Finding the equation of a circle

Make sure that you know the following cases
1.
1.1
If you know the centre and one point on the

circle.
Centre(-4 ; 2)
point(-2 ; 6)
1.2
Centre(-3 ; 1)
2.
point(2 ; -2)
If you know the centre and the radius.

2.1
Centre(-2 ; -1)
radius = 4
2.2
Centre(3 ; -3)
radius = 3 5
3.
If you know the end-points of a diameter

3.1
A(2 ; -3)
3.2
E(-5 ; 3)
S. C. Nhlumayo
B(6 ; -1)
F(-3 ; 5)
R
Page | 3

12
SCN3
Show that the given line is a tangent to the

circle
1.
( x 4)2 ( y 4)2 2
Page | 4
yx20
x 2 y 2 10
2.
y 3x 10
3.
x 1 2 y 12 8
xy2
x 2 y 2 6 x 6y 16
4.
xy2
the angle between a tangent and a radius is 90o
This means that their gradients are negative reciprocals of
each other.
SCN4
Determine the equation of a tangent to the

given circle. In each case, the point of
contact is given.
1.
x 2 y 32 5
at
2.
x 2 y 2 2x 4 y 0
at (-2 ; 4)
3.
x 2 y 2 4 x 2y 0
at (0 ; -2)
4.
x 52 y 1 2 9
at (2 ; 1)
(1 ; 5)
You have now laid the foundation and ready to respond to higher-order
questions.
S. C. Nhlumayo

12
SCN5
Page | 5
A, B and D are the vertices of a triangle that lies on the

circumference of a circle with diameter BD and centre M as
shown in the figure above.
1.
Determine the coordinates of M.
2.
Show that (-8 ; 2) lies on the line

y 7x 58
3.
What is the relationship between y 7x 58

and the circle centered at M? Motivate your
answer.
4.
Calculate the lengths of AD and AB.
5.
Prove that DAB =90o
6.
Write down the size of
S. C. Nhlumayo
angle .

12
SCN6
6.1
Circles C1 and C2 in the figure below have

the same centre M. P is the point on C2. PM
intersects C1 at D. the tangent DB to C1
intersects C2 at B. The equation of circle
C1 is given by x 2 2x y 2 6 y 2 0 and the
equation of line PM is y x 2.
Determine the following:

6.1.1 The coordinates of centre M.
6.1.2
The radius of circle C1.
6.2
Determine the coordinates of D.
6.3
If it is given that DB 4 2 , determine MB.
6.4
Write down the equation of C2.
6.5
Is the point F 2 5 ; 0 inside C2? Support your

answer with calculations.
S. C. Nhlumayo
Page | 6

12
SCN 7
7.1
Determine if the given pair of circles touch

each other, intersect or neither touch nor
intersect.
7.1.1. x 2 y 2 2x 4 y 3
x 2 y 2 6 x 8y 23
7.1.2
x 2 y 2 2x 2y 7
x 4 2 y 1 2 4 0
7.1.3
x 1 2 y 1 2 9
x 52 y 22 10 0
7.1.4
x 2 16 x y 2 8y 67 0
x 2 y 2 10x 4 y 25
SCN8
8.1
Determine the centre and the radius of the

circle defined by: x 2 y 2 8 x 4 y 38 0
8.2
A second circle has equation

x 4 2 y 6 2 26 . Calculate the distance
between the centres of the two circles.
8.3
Hence, show that the two circles intersect

each other.
8.4
Show that these two circles intersect along

the line y x 4
S. C. Nhlumayo
Page | 7

12
SCN 9
Determine the length of the tangent to the

circle. In each case, a point (outside the
circle) on the tangent is given.
Page | 8
9.1
x y 6 y 1
(9 ; -2)
9.2
x 4 2 y 4 2 2
(-1 ; 3)
9.3
x 2 y 2 6 x 4 y 8
(1 ; -5)
9.4
x 6 2 y 22 5
(7 ; 5)
SCN 10
10.1
If y x k is a tangent to the circle

defined by x 4 2 y 8 2 8 then calculate
the possible value(s) of k.
10.2
Determine the value(s) of p so that y 2x p

is a tangent to x 2 2 y 8 2 20 .
10.3
For which value(s) of q is 2y x 2q a

tangent to the circle, x 2 y 2 4 x 16 y 48 ?
10.4
For which value(s) of t is y x t a tangent

to x 2 y 2 8 x 16 y 72 ?
S. C. Nhlumayo

12
SCN 11
Two circles of equal radii are drawn. A and

B are the centres. FE is a common tangent at
D.
Page | 9
11.1
Determine the coordinates of D.
11.2
Show that Circle A is defined by

x 2 y 2 2y 24
11.3
Calculate the coordinates of E.
11.4
Prove that
S. C. Nhlumayo
BE = AE.

12
S C N 12
The circle below has a diameter HG.
Page | 10
12.1
Determine the equation of the circle.
12.2
Determine the equation of the tangent to the

circle at H.
12.3
Determine the y-intercept of the straight

line that passes through G and parallel to
the tangent at H.
S. C. Nhlumayo

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ANALYTIC GEOMETRY GRADE

Diameter: any line segment that joins two points

Tangent: Any line segment that touches a curve (in

ANALYTIC GEOMETRY GRADE

CIRCLE WITH CENTRE AT THE ORIGIN (0 ; 0)

NOTE: Knowledge of transformation geometry may be

CIRCLE WITH ANY CENTRE

General form centre-radius: complete the square

ANALYTIC GEOMETRY GRADE

Determine the centre and the radius

Finding the equation of a circle

If you know the centre and one point on the

If you know the centre and the radius.

If you know the end-points of a diameter

ANALYTIC GEOMETRY GRADE

Show that the given line is a tangent to the

Determine the equation of a tangent to the

ANALYTIC GEOMETRY GRADE

A, B and D are the vertices of a triangle that lies on the

Determine the coordinates of M.

Show that (-8 ; 2) lies on the line

What is the relationship between y 7x 58

Calculate the lengths of AD and AB.

Prove that DAB =90o

Write down the size of

ANALYTIC GEOMETRY GRADE

Circles C1 and C2 in the figure below have

Determine the following:

The radius of circle C1.

Determine the coordinates of D.

If it is given that DB 4 2 , determine MB.

Write down the equation of C2.

Is the point F 2 5 ; 0 inside C2? Support your

ANALYTIC GEOMETRY GRADE

Determine if the given pair of circles touch

Determine the centre and the radius of the

A second circle has equation

Hence, show that the two circles intersect

Show that these two circles intersect along

ANALYTIC GEOMETRY GRADE

Determine the length of the tangent to the

If y x k is a tangent to the circle

Determine the value(s) of p so that y 2x p

For which value(s) of q is 2y x 2q a

For which value(s) of t is y x t a tangent

ANALYTIC GEOMETRY GRADE

Two circles of equal radii are drawn. A and

Determine the coordinates of D.

Show that Circle A is defined by

Calculate the coordinates of E.

ANALYTIC GEOMETRY GRADE

The circle below has a diameter HG.

Determine the equation of the circle.

Determine the equation of the tangent to the

Determine the y-intercept of the straight

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