Book Summary I: Old Major

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Book summary I

One night, all the animals at Mr. Jones' Manor Farm assemble in a barn to hear old
Major, a pig, describe a dream he had about a world where all animals live free from the
tyranny of their human masters. old Major dies soon after the meeting, but the animals
inspired by his philosophy of Animalism plot a rebellion against Jones. Two
pigs, Snowball and Napoleon, prove themselves important figures and planners of this
dangerous enterprise. When Jones forgets to feed the animals, the revolution occurs,
and Jones and his men are chased off the farm. Manor Farm is renamed Animal Farm,
and the Seven Commandments of Animalism are painted on the barn wall.
Initially, the rebellion is a success: The animals complete the harvest and meet every
Sunday to debate farm policy. The pigs, because of their intelligence, become the
supervisors of the farm. Napoleon, however, proves to be a power-hungry leader who
steals the cows' milk and a number of apples to feed himself and the other pigs. He also
enlists the services of Squealer, a pig with the ability to persuade the other animals that
the pigs are always moral and correct in their decisions.
Later that fall, Jones and his men return to Animal Farm and attempt to retake it. Thanks
to the tactics of Snowball, the animals defeat Jones in what thereafter becomes known
as The Battle of the Cowshed. Winter arrives, and Mollie, a vain horse concerned only
with ribbons and sugar, is lured off the farm by another human. Snowball begins drawing
plans for a windmill, which will provide electricity and thereby give the animals more
leisure time, but Napoleon vehemently opposes such a plan on the grounds that
building the windmill will allow them less time for producing food. On the Sunday that the
pigs offer the windmill to the animals for a vote, Napoleon summons a pack of ferocious
dogs, who chase Snowball off the farm forever. Napoleon announces that there will be
no further debates; he also tells them that the windmill will be built after all and lies that
it was his own idea, stolen by Snowball. For the rest of the novel, Napoleon uses
Snowball as a scapegoat on whom he blames all of the animals' hardships.

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