The Multidimensional OSUN
The Multidimensional OSUN
The Multidimensional OSUN
name means source. Form the word orisun. The source of a river, a people, of
children, of wealth, of life . Osun represents the perpetually renewing source of life.
As the elemental power of water, it is she that makes life possible. Osun is the childgiving and curative power of water. She is the blue river, the birth canal. What
some people forget, is that Osun is also the owner of Eerindinlogun sixteen cowrie
divination. She is also the source and condition of political power, as leader of the
Aje (the Mothers, Iyami Osoronga). As such, she is a founder of the Ogboni
Society, the counsel of elders that bestow kingship. Like Esu, she can change at will.
She can be the loquacious and beautiful young flirt who succeeds by killing you
with kindness, or the deadly serious old woman, owner of the spiritual eye
(mystical power); she can be rich or poor, loving or vengeful. She is the Benevolent
Mother and the fierce warrior. She heals with her cool waters and destroys
indiscriminately with her raging floods. She is the creator of children, fertility
squared, yet she is the leader of vengeful spirits who will take any child away at the
drop of a hat. She is the fierce defender of her children (priests and priestesses). She
cries when she is happy, and laughs when she is sad. To accentuate her dual natures
(Yoruba is heavy on dualities, polarities etc), Osun carries a brass cooling fan in one
hand and a brass cutlass in the other. Strength and compassion; brass and honey.
In Lucumi, there are five different caminos or roads of Ochun. These are
distinctively different Ochuns, each with their own narratives, rituals and songs.
There Ochun Yeye Moro, the beautiful dancer, Ochun Ololodi, the diviner, Ochun
Ibu Kole, the powerful buzzard (Aje), etc. But there is only one Osun, a dynamic,
multifaceted Orisa.
In Yorubaland, Orisa serve as the glue that holds communities together. Each town
or city has a founding narrative that includes the founding Orisa and intertwines
facts, myths and metaphor. These mythistories create community-ship, which is at
least as strong as the larger sense of citizenship. Ijesa country in Osun State,
Nigeria, is the center of Osun worship. It is the place of the largest annual Osun
festival. People come from all over the world to attend the festival and be blessed
and/or healed by the sacred waters of the Osun river at the city of Osogbo. In the
Osogbo mythhistory, it is said that a prince (Olarooye) from Ilesa, went out to found
a new city due to a water shortage in Ilesa. He set out with his buddy, a hunter
named Timehin, and they led the expeditionary group in search of a water source.
They came upon the Osun river. To make a long story short, they settled there with
the blessing and protection (she single handedly ran off the invading Tapa warriors
from the north) of Osun. Here is an invocation given at the start of the annual Osun
festival by the Oba:
Aladekoju, I am calling on you
Hail my Beloved Mother Aladekoju
The Beloved one from the town of Efon Ekiti
Hail the powerful Mother Aladekoju
The descendent of the one who uses the crown made of brass
The one who dances with the jingling brass
My Wondrous Mother!
Who owns plenty of brass ornaments in the town of Efon
She moves majestically in the deep water
it possible for her to have children. Osun wanted to reward him and his two
apprentices, Ifon, ifa priest of Ido, and Duuru, Ifa priest of Liki. So, she took money,
beads and expensive clothes to Ojiyaomegun and his apprentices, but Ojiyaomegun
was not around. She waited a very long time, but he didnt show up. So she left gifts
with the apprentices and went home. She ordered her servants to dig a deep pit
(along the river bank), and put Ojiyaomeguns gifts there. That is why we have oriki
which contain the words:
Osun alade okin
Osun, Goddess with fantastic crown of peacock plumage
Ooni mole odo
Goddess of the river
Oore yeye Osun
Hail the benevolent mother Osun
O wa yanrin, wa yanrin
She who digs up sand, digs up sand
Kowo si
And keeps money there (for her omo children)
Yeye o, a fi ide re omo
Oh beloved Mother, you pamper children with brass (riches)
Oyeye ni mo eni ide kii sun
Wise one, owner of brass who never sleeps (eternal energy)
E gbenu imo fi ohun tore Ota were were ni ti Osun
You live with wisdom and give it away freely (through eerindinlogun)
Osun ke kowo temi fun mi o
Osun, please give me my own money
E ma ri owo temi mo yanrin
Do not bury my money in the sand
Ore Yeye O!
Oh! Thank you dear Mother!
In the above opening invocation for the Osun festival by the Oba, one of the stanzas
says, only Osun can mold my Ori. We know that Ajala Mopin is the molder of
heads as he works with Obatala in the molding of humans, so what is Oba referring
to? Osun provides the water that Obatala (and Ajala Mopin)uses to smooth the clay
with which he molds human beings. Osuns traditional occupation is hair-plaiting,
which is a mark of honor to Ori. The hair plaiting style of Osun is similar to the
pattern weaved into the making of Ile-Ori, house of Ori, a cowrie covered structure
that serves as a shrine, or pot to ones Ori. The oriki stanza, Osun owner of the
beaded hair comb for beautiful women alludes to Ori. This aspect of Osun is often
overlooked, but is important to her role as owner of sixteen cowrie divination
(eerindinlogun, or dilogun), and the efficacy of ebo (no divinity can bless one
without the consent of his/her Ori).
Odo gbogbo lagbo
All rivers are Osuns medicine
Obatala molds the body, Ajala Mopin molds the head, Olodumare supplies the
breath . Osun supplies the water, Thus Osun is integral to human creation itself. The
Osun pot contains stones (ota Osun) from the Osun river. Alongside the pot is a
special pot for water drawn at dawn (before anyone else gets there) from a spring
and containing one of the stones. This water is called Agbo and is used for healing,
fertility, security, success, protection, progress, etc. In the Diaspora we use oriki and
ese Odu to invoke the spirit of Osun in the water.
Ase gbere wa aye
The one who unexpectedly comes into the world
Omi lo maa gbaa
Will be admitted by water
Arinrin gbere lo sode orun
The one who slowly goes back into heaven
Omi lo maa gbaa
Will be received by water
Omi labuwe
It is water that we bathe with
Omi labumu
It is water that we drink
Enikan ki I bomi sota
No one makes an enemy of water
Ase
In the following itan from Odu Osetura, we are introduced to the real power of
Osun. When Olodumare sent the first Irunmole (God's task force) down to earth, he
sent 16 male Orisa and Osun. In accordance with Olodumares instructions, they
started to set up the world, but they didnt include Osun in any of their activities.
The result was that everything they did was a total failure. Rain did not fall, women
were barren, illness prevailed, there was bitterness and restlessness all over the
world. The sixteen male Orisa went back to Olodumare to find out what was going
on. They said they were living on earth in accordance with the instructions of
Olodumare, but nothing they did was good. Olodumare asked them if they had
included Osun in all they were doing. They said no, they hadn't bothered with her;
after all, she's just a woman.
Olodumare ni danidani loun, oun e e dani leemeji
Olodumare said that he was the Creator, but he would never create any person or
thing twice
O ni e pada sohoun, o ni e ree be e, ko maa yin lowo si nkan. O ni gbogbo
nnkan yin o si maa gun.
He told Orunmila to go back to his colleagues and that all of them should go and
beg Osun for forgiveness, so that she would agree to to be involved in their affairs.
He assured them their affairs would then be good. So the sixteen male Orisa went
and begged Osun for forgiveness, but she didnt yield until Orunmila made his
personal appeal. She said:
E maa be ori yin ateledaaa yin pe oyun ti n be ninu oun yii, koun o bi I
lokunrin, nnkan yin oogun. Amo toun ba bi I lobinrin, e kangun.
Begin to beg your Ori and your Creator, so that the fetus which is in my womb be
delivered as a male child.
She assured them that if it was a male child, their matters from then on would be
straight, but if it was a female child, war would begin in earnest. Obatala used his
powers to peer into Osuns womb, and saw that it was a girl. He (Obatala is
androgynous) pointed his ado asure at her womb and commanded that the fetus
change into a male. Orisanla was the first to hold the baby when born. Then
Orunmila, the father, carried the baby and named him Osetuura, who became Odu
Ose Otura, the Odu that imparts ase and invokes Esu.
They said, If someone is pounding yams without the knowledge of Osun, his or her
pounded yam will not be smooth. If someone is preparing oka without involving
Osun in it, the oka will not come out fine. We will involve Osun in whatever we do.
We will involve Osun in all our deliberations. Our Great Mother, who must be
present at every important deliberation.
A fimo jo tOsun
We will involve Osun in all are deliberations
Agberegede, ajuba
Ajuba Agberegede
A difa fun Osun Sengesi
Agberegede, ajuba
Ajuba Agberegede
Divined for Osun Sengesi
Olooya yun
Owner of the hair comb decorated with iyun
O gbe koko
When she was in a secret place
O n bebo Irunmole e je
She spoiled the ebo of other divinities
Ta ni en rubo
Who is performing ebo
Ti o ke selebo
Without involving the owner of ebo?
Osun Ewuji
Osun, whose other name is Ewuji,
A kunle
We are all on our knees
A be o
We are all begging you
E wole fobinrin
Let us all kneel and prostrate before women
Obinrin lo bi wa
We are all born by women
Ka too deniyan
Before we become recognized as human beings
Ase
Nothing moves without Osun!! Ore yeye O! Ogun cant even begin his evolutionary
work without Osun.
Osun completes the Female-Male principle in the universe. Osun as aesthetic
beauty, a reminder of the wonders of creation, and all that is good in the universe.
Osun the fertility goddess, protector of children, soothing healer, bestower of
wealth. Osun as Leader of the Iyami, and the potential for destruction. She can
destroy at night, with the awesome power of the eleiye, or during the day, with
the awesome power of the flood. Osun as fierce warrior, defender of her people,
leader of revolutions and revolts. The Water Goddess, the perpetually renewing
source of life. Osun transforms through water and through the blue canal, the
mystery of birth. Osun, from Orisun The Source.
Osun is the embodiment of womens mystical power, the real power in Yoruba
cosmology. The ability to control physical and spiritual forces, to create life through
procreation, and the sustenance of life, are considered to be the ultimate power in
the Yoruba worldview. It is this secretive power, that men can never understand, that
has driven men to try and control women throughout the ages. It is the power of the
Iyami.
Iyami Osoronga
My Mysterious Mother, Osoronga
Apanimahaagun
Vulture who kills without sharing
Olokiki oru
The dominant force at midnight
Ajedo eniyan ma bi
One who devours human livers without vomiting
Eyi tii lo nigbaoja bat u
One who vacates only when the market closes
A-le mo loju ala wiriwiri
One who terrifies in dreams
Ase
Another facet of Osun energy (no, she aint done yet!) is her ownership of
Eerindinlogun, sixteen cowrie divination, the seeing eyes of Orisa. Osun
priestesses are the best diviners, hands down. Another Itan from Odu OseTura tells
the story of how Osun became the owner of sixteen cowrie divination. We learn
much about Osuns intimate connection with Ifa divination in her own right, as well
as through her son , Osetuura.
Osun was married to Orunmila, the prophet, and keeper of the oracle. He was
leaving town on business, and told Osun to tell his many clients that he would be
back in a couple of weeks. Well, Osun, being Osun, got tired of sending away all of
Orunmila's clients so she figured out his divination system and started divining for
his clients! So when Orunmila comes home, he finds his house full of people;
What's going on! "We're waiting for Osun to divine for us," he was told. "Say
what!" So he was angry with her for a little while, but no one stays angry at Osun
for long. He was actually quite amazed with her ability to learn so quickly.
Orunmila then gave Osun the eerindinlogun and told her that from then on, she
would own the cowrie system and he gave her the oracle. Osun shared her
knowledge with other Orisa, starting with Obatala.
Although Osun receives the Eerindinlogun system from Orunmila and he created it,
another verse of Odu OseTura tells how this system of divination received its own
ase from Olodumare, thus making it independently Osuns. Every sixteen years,
Olodumare would subject the earthly diviners to a test, to find out whether they
were telling lies or the truth to their clients. When Orunmila finished his turn
divining for Olodumare, Olodumare said, Whos next? Orunmila said, She is.
Olodumare asked if this woman (Osun) was a diviner at which point Orunmila
answered, Yes, she is. Olodumare asked, Who is this one? Orunmila explained
how he had given her eerindinlogun. When Osun divined for Olodumare, she hit on
all those things in his mind. But she did not say it in full. She mentioned the gist, but
she didnt tell the root of the matter, like Ifa. Olodumare said, Its all right. He
further said that even though she did not go into details, he, Olodumare, gave his
assent to it. He added, From today on and forever, even if what eerindinlogun says
may not be detailed, anybody who disbelieves it would see the consequences
instantly. It must not wait until the following day. This is why the predictions of
eerindinlogun come to pass quickly, even though the stories might not be
impressive.
Bi eerindinlogun se gba ase Lodo Olodumare nu un
That is how eerindinlogun received Ase directly from Olodumare
Before the diviner starts the divination process, she pays homage to Onile, the Earth
diety, pointing to the ground, and to Iyami (eleiye) pointing to the sky.
Ibaa yin o!
Your Worship!
Eyin lawo,
You are the custodians of mysteries
Emi logberi
I am ignorant
E foro yii han mi o
Reveal this secret to me
E ma fire pe bi
Do not reveal good instead of evil
E ma fibi pe re o
Do not reveal evil instead of good
ase
The connection between Osun and Esu is interesting. Esu controls the Ajogun,
malevolent spiritual beings. Osun is the leader of the Aje, even more feared than the
ajogun. Yet both are capable of bestowing the greatest of blessings; Esu bestows
ase, and Osun fertility. As revealed in Odu Osetura, the Odu that incarnates Esu and
contains much information about Osun, Osun is Osetuuras mother. Like Esu, she
has a central role in the maintenance of creation. Aje, also known as Iyami, are
powerful. Olodumare has committed the universe to their care. He has given them
power and authority over its affairs. They strongly hold the universe together. They
maintain the order in the world. Osun is not only one of them, she is their leader.
Osun, through the Iyami, and Esu, preside over ebo, and support or empower the
efficacy of herbal preparations and ritual elements. Osun is a complex, dynamic,
and powerful energy. Osun, wife of Orunmila and subsequently Sango, spirit who
cures with water, one of the founders of the Ogboni society, partner of Orunmila in
the establishment of the Ifa corpus, and fertility Goddess.
Mo ke mogba lodo omi!
1. Osun (as leader of the Iyami, the mothers)holds aspecial place in Yoruba thought,
and is indispensable to successful and harmonious political, economic, religious,
and social life.
It was divined for the sixteen Odu
Who were coming from heaven to earth
A woman was the seventeenth of them.
When they got to earth,
They cleared the grove for Oro,
Oro had his own space.
They cleared the grove for Opa,
Opas abode was secure.
They prepared a grove for Eegun,
Eegun had a home.
But they made no provision for Osun,
Also known as Seeges, the preeminent hair-plaiter
with the coral-beaded comb.
So, she decided to wait and see How
they would carry out their mission successfully;
Osun sat quietly and watched them.
Beginning with Eji-Ogbe and Oyeku mej,
Iwor mej, Odimej, Irosun mej
Owonrn mej, Obara mej, Okanran mej,
Ogun-da, Osa, Orangun mej and so on,
They all decided not to countenance Osun in their mission.
She, too, kept mute,
And carried on her rightful duty,
Which is hair-plaiting.
She had a comb.
They never knew she was an aje
When they were coming from heaven,
God chose all good things;
He also chose their keeper,
And this was a woman.
1. In the divination verse above, the Creator-God has placed all the good things
on earth in Osuns charge, making her the vital source as her name suggests.
Without Osuns sanction, no healing can take place, no rain can fall, no plants can
bear fruit, and no children can come into the world. Granted that every orsa must
have their own ase, one must wonder about Osuns seemingly superior ase that was
able to counteract the activities of her fellow orsa. Alternatively, it is conceivable
that the ase of female orsa is inherently different from the male orsa, and perhaps
even antagonistic when they compete, with one (presumably, the female ase)
neutralizing the other (that is, the male ase), as appears to be the case in this story