BUILDING SERVICES

CLASSIFICATION OF WATER ON
THE BASIS OF ITS USAGE

GROUP-4
IInd sem sec-B
HINDU SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

CLASSIFICATION OF WATER ON
THE BASIS OF ITS USAGE
1. DOMESTIC PURPOSES
2. CIVIC OR PUBLIC PURPOSES
3. INDUSTRIAL PURPOSES
4. BUSINESS OR TRADE PURPOSES
5. LOSS AND WASTE

DOMESTIC
PURPOSES-

1 Drinking : Human body contains about 70 percent of water

.Consumption of water is required for physiological process such as
blood formation , food digestion etc The quantity of water an
average is about 2 Litres per day for a adult .If water for drinking
contains undesirable elements it may lead to water born diseases
like cholera.
2 Cooking : Water required for this purpose will depend upon the
stage of advancement of family in particular society in general .The
quantity of water an average is about 5 liters per day
3 Bathing Water required for bathing purpose will depend on
habits of people & type of climate .For an Indian bath 30 to 40 liters
per head & for tub bath 50 to 80 liters per head
4 Washing hands , face : Water required for this purpose will
depend on habits of people & may roughly be taken as 5 to 10 liters
per day

5 Household Sanitary purposes : Water is required

for washing clothes, floors utensils , etc. may be
assumed to be about 50 to 60 liters per head per
day
6 Private Gardening & Irrigation : In case of
developed cities there will be particularly do demand
of water for this purpose .in underdeveloped cities ,
the private wells are used to provide water for
private gardening & irrigation
7 Domestic Animals & Private vehicles The
amount of water required for use of domestic
animals & private vehicles is not much concern to
water supply engineer .With growth & development
of town, the cattle disappear & commercial stables
come into existence. Water required for washing
cars & private vehicles Is very low especially in case

CIVIC OR PUBLIC PURPOSESRoad Washing Roads with heavy amount of dust

are to be sprinkled with water to avoid
inconvenience to users Even in case of dust
proof roads, periodically , washing is necessary .
Sanitation Purposes Water required in cleaning
public sanitary blocks , large markets etc. for
carrying liquid wastes from houses. Water
required for this purpose will depend on growth of
civilization will be about 2 to 3 liters per head per
day

Ornamental Purposes To adorn the town with the

decorative features , fountains (or) lakes (or) ponds
are sometimes provided. These object requires huge
quantity of water for their performance
Fire Demand : Usually a fire occurs in factories &
stores. Water required for fire fighting skills should
be easily available & always kept stored in the
storage reservoir. When a fire occurs pumps
installed on trucks are immediate rushed to the site
of fire occurrence & these pumps when connected
to fire hydrants are capable of throwing water with
high pressure.Fire is brought under control

CIVIC OR PUBLIC PURPOSES -

INDUSTRIAL PURPOSESFactories : Water required for this process involved in

factories will naturally depend on nature of products,
size of factory etc. & it has no relation with density of
population .Possibility of recycling of water in plant will
have appreciable effect on demand of water for project
. The quantity of water on average is about 45 Litres
per day for a adult per day
Railways & Airports : In most of cases, the railways &
airports make their own arrangements regarding water
requirements. Railways provide 25 to 70 liters of water
per day. Airport takes 10 liters of water per head per
day

BUSINESS OR TRADE PURPOSES

Some Trades such as Dairies , hotels ,

laundries , motor garages , restaurants
,stables , schools, hospitals , cinema
halls ,theatres etc. require large quantity
of water .Such trades are to be maintained
in hygienic conditions & sanitation of such
places should be strictly insisted.
The no of such business centers will
depend upon the population & for a
moderate city on an average value of
about 15 to 25 liters of water per head per
day

LOSS AND WASTE

Water required under this category is

sometimes termed as the unaccounted
requirement. It includes careless use of
water, leakage in mains , valves , other
fittings etc. .
Unauthorized water connection s & waste
due to other miscellaneous reasons.
Quantity of water lost due to all these
reasons if uncertain & cannot be
effectively predicted

Types Of Buildings

Consumption per day

per head - Litres

1)Factories where bathrooms are

provided

45

2)Factories without bathrooms

30

3) Hospital ( Including laundry )

a)No of beds not exceeding 100

340

b)No of beds exceeding 100

450

4)Hostels

135

5)Hotel (upto 4 star)

180

6)Hotel (5 star and above)

320

7)Offices

45

8)Restaurants

70

9) Cinema, Concert Halls & Theatres

15 per seat

10)Schools

45

11)Terminal Stations

45

12)International & Domestic Airports

70

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