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    Basics of Steel Making

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    nedunchi
    The document summarizes the basic steelmaking process from raw materials to finished products. It begins with the blast furnace which uses iron ore, coke and limestone as inputs to produce molten iron. The molten iron is then processed in a basic oxygen furnace along with scrap and oxygen to remove impurities. The molten steel is then continuously cast into slabs and rolled through various mills including hot strip mills, picklers, cold strip mills and annealing and coating lines to produce finished steel products.

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    Basics of Steel Making

    Uploaded by

    nedunchi
    379 views26 pages
    The document summarizes the basic steelmaking process from raw materials to finished products. It begins with the blast furnace which uses iron ore, coke and limestone as inputs to produce molten iron. The molten iron is then processed in a basic oxygen furnace along with scrap and oxygen to remove impurities. The molten steel is then continuously cast into slabs and rolled through various mills including hot strip mills, picklers, cold strip mills and annealing and coating lines to produce finished steel products.

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    The document summarizes the basic steelmaking process from raw materials to finished products. It begins with the blast furnace which uses iron ore, coke and limestone as inputs to produce molten iron. The molten iron is then processed in a basic oxygen furnace along with scrap and oxygen to remove impurities. The molten steel is then continuously cast into slabs and rolled through various mills including hot strip mills, picklers, cold strip mills and annealing and coating lines to produce finished steel products.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    379 views26 pages

    Basics of Steel Making

    Uploaded by

    nedunchi
    The document summarizes the basic steelmaking process from raw materials to finished products. It begins with the blast furnace which uses iron ore, coke and limestone as inputs to produce molten iron. The molten iron is then processed in a basic oxygen furnace along with scrap and oxygen to remove impurities. The molten steel is then continuously cast into slabs and rolled through various mills including hot strip mills, picklers, cold strip mills and annealing and coating lines to produce finished steel products.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 26

    Steelmaking

    Customer Technical101
    Symposium
    Today’s Topics

    Steelmaking Flowline
    Blast Furnace
    Basic Oxygen Furnace: BOF
    Vacuum Degasser
    Continuous Casting
    Hot Strip Mill
    Pickler
    Cold Strip Mill
    Box Annealing
    Temper Mill
    Hot Dip Coating Line
    Electrogalvanizing Line
    Steelmaking Flowline

    Blast Furnace
    Pellets
    Iron Ore

    Electric Furnace
    Sinter
    Scrap

    Limestone Lime & Flux


    Crushed

    Oxygen

    Coal Slag Molten Iron Basic Oxygen


    Furnace
    Coke Ovens

    Artwork: American Iron and Steel Institute


    Steelmaking Flowline

    Ladle
    Metallurgy

    Slab Hot Strip Pickling Cold Strip

    Annealing Temper Rolling Coating

    Continuous Casting

    Artwork: American Iron and Steel Institute


    Basic Steelmaking Flow

    COKE OVENS BASIC OXYGEN


    CONTINUOUS CASTER
    BLAST FURNACE FURNACE

    SHIPPING SHIPPING

    ANNEALING
    COLD STRIP MILL PICKLING
    HOT STRIP MILL

    SHIPPING
    SHIPPING
    TEMPER MILL COATING LINE
    Blast Furnace

    Recipe

    IRON ORE +
    LIMESTONE +
    COKE +
    HOT AIR
    Blast Furnace Raw Materials

    PELLETS

    SINTER

    CRUSHED

    COKE
    Blast Furnace

    Input
    • Iron ore, coke, limestone and heated air

    Metallurgy
    • Chemical reactions cause heating,
    reduction and melting
    • Impurities separate and float on top of
    the molten iron as ‘slag’

    Output
    • Molten Iron (‘Pig Iron’) is cast into
    Torpedo Cars
    • Transferred to Basic Oxygen
    Furnace (BOF)
    Blast Furnace
    Blast Furnace

    COKE (carbon) + OXYGEN CARBON MONOXIDE + HEAT


    C+O2 CO + HEAT

    IRON ORE + CARBON MONOXIDE IRON + CARBON DIOXIDE


    FeO + CO Fe + CO 2

    LIMESTONE “SLAG” - LIQUID BLANKET - FLOATS ON IRON BATH


    Basic Oxygen Furnace: BOF

    Input
    • Molten iron, scrap, and high purity
    oxygen

    Metallurgy
    • Impurities are oxidized and some
    separate / float on top of the molten steel
    as slag

    Output
    • Molten steel is tapped into a ladle
    • Transferred to the Continuous
    Caster after chemistry adjustments or
    vacuum degassing
    Basic Oxygen Furnace: BOF

    OXYGEN + CARBON CO + HEAT

    OXYGEN + MANGANESE MnO (SLAG)

    OXYGEN + PHOSPHORUS P2O5 (SLAG)

    OXYGEN + SILICON SiO2 (SLAG)


    Basic Oxygen Furnace: BOF
    Vacuum Degasser
    Input To Vacuum
    • Molten steel from basic oxygen furnace Pump
    (BOF)

    Metallurgy
    • Vacuum degasser snorkels inserted into
    ladle of molten steel
    • Argon gas siphons molten steel through Inert Gas Inlet
    a vacuum chamber
    • Dissolved gases and carbon are
    Ladle
    removed

    Output
    • Ultra-low carbon steel
    • Transferred to the Continuous
    Caster
    Continuous Caster

    Input
    • Molten steel from ladle is transferred
    into a holding vessel (tundish) on top
    of the Continuous Caster
    • The tundish continuously meters
    molten steel into a water-cooled,
    oscillating mold via a Submerged
    Entry Nozzle (SEN)

    Output
    • Solid slabs are torch-cut
    • Slabs transferred to Hot Strip
    Mill for Rolling
    Continuous Caster
    Hot Strip Mill
    Input
    • Slabs from the Continuous Caster
    are reheated and placed on a rolling
    table
    • Six roughing mill stands reduce
    slab’s thickness to 1.25” -
    producing a bar
    • The bar is sent through seven
    additional 4-high finishing mill
    stands to further reduce thickness
    Output
    • Hot bands from <0.1” to 0.375” thick
    • Transferred to Pickler or shipped to Customer
    Hot Strip Mill
    Pickler

    Input
    • Hot bands of steel are processed
    through a chemical bath to remove
    surface oxides

    Output
    • Pickled (Oiled) Band - free of
    surface rust and scale
    • Transferred to Cold Mill or
    Shipped to Customer.
    Cold Strip Mill
    Input
    • Pickled Bands are rolled through five
    mill stands (4 or 6-High)
    Output
    • Cold Roll ‘Full Hard’ coils with proper
    thickness and surface finish
    • Transferred to Box Annealing, Hot
    Dip Coating Line or shipped to
    Customer
    Box Annealing

    Input
    • Cold rolled ‘Full Hard’ coils are
    stacked, covered and a non-oxidizing
    atmosphere is introduced
    • A furnace is lowered over the cover
    and fired to a prescribed cycle of time
    and temperature

    Output
    • Annealed steel with improved
    mechanical properties
    • Transferred to Temper Mill
    Temper Mill

    Input
    • Annealed coils

    Output
    • Cold Roll steel with continuous yielding,
    improved flatness and a uniform surface
    texture
    • Thickness typically reduced <1%
    • Shipped to Customer or
    transferred to the Electrogalvanizing
    Line
    Hot Dip Coating Line

    Input
    • Coils are welded together for
    continuous processing
    • Continuous annealing in-line
    • Continuous coating on both sides –
    Zinc or Aluminum

    Output
    • Hot Dip Galvanized, Galvannealed or
    Aluminized steel
    • Shipped to Customer
    Electrogalvanized Line

    Input
    • Cold Roll (Box Annealed &
    Tempered) coils are welded together
    and continuously processed through
    the line
    • Plating cells use electric current to
    apply zinc to the steel

    Output
    • Electrogalvanized
    steel
    • Shipped to
    Customer
    Electrogalvanized Line
    Questions?

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