Ach25 S
Ach25 S
Ach25 S
Objectives:
consists of:
mechanical digestion
chemical and enzymatic digestion
secretion
absorption
compaction
excretion and elimination
Histological Organization
Tube made up
of four layers. 2
1
Modifications
along its Muscularis
3 externa
length as
needed.
4
The 4 Layers of the Gut Fig 25.2
1) Mucosa
Epithelium – usually simple columnar with goblets; may be stratified squamous if
protection needed
Lamina propria - connective tissue deep to epithelium
Muscularis mucosae -produces folds - plicae (small intestine) or rugae (stomach)
2) Submucosa – made up of loose connective tissue contains submucosal plexus
and blood vessels
4) Serosa
visceral layer of mesentery or adventitia depending on location
Membranes
Peritoneum - generic serous membrane in abdominal
cavity
Mesenteries - double sheets of peritoneum, surrounding
and suspending portions of the digestive organs
Fig. 25.4
Oral Cavity
Dental succession
Deciduous (baby, milk) teeth - 20, replaced by
Permanent teeth - 32 teeth
Gross Anatomy of the Stomach
Lesser curvature
Greater curvature
Cardia - end under the heart
Fundus - bulge above the esophageal opening
Body - largest region
Pylorus - J curve, inferior end, terminates in
Cardiac and Pyloric sphincters (importance?)
Rugae – highly extendable interior folds
Figs 25-10/11
Histology of Stomach Fig 25.13
Histology in lab
Regions of Large Intestine
Cecum – pocket at proximal end with
Appendix
Colon
Ascending colon - on right, between
cecum and right colic flexure
Transverse colon - horizontal portion
Descending colon - left side,
between left colic flexure and
Fig 25-17
Sigmoid colon - S bend near
terminal end
Rectum – terminal end is anal canal - ending at the anus -
which has internal involuntary sphincter and external voluntary
sphincter
Histology of Large Intestine
Gall bladder
Retroperitoneal
Endocrine or
exocrine gland?
Common bile duct
and pancreatic duct
lead to duodenal
ampulla and papilla Compare to Figs 25-22 / 23