Scribd
Upload
147 views1 page

Pa Tho Physiology

Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect caused by both genetic and environmental factors. It involves four structural abnormalities: pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. This allows unoxygenated blood to bypass the lungs and mix with oxygenated blood, causing hypoxia. Over time, the strain on the right ventricle can lead to heart failure. Symptoms may include cyanosis, difficulty feeding, and low oxygen saturation. Later complications include arrhythmias, heart enlargement, and heart failure.

Uploaded by

Eiztirf
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
147 views1 page

Pa Tho Physiology

Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect caused by both genetic and environmental factors. It involves four structural abnormalities: pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. This allows unoxygenated blood to bypass the lungs and mix with oxygenated blood, causing hypoxia. Over time, the strain on the right ventricle can lead to heart failure. Symptoms may include cyanosis, difficulty feeding, and low oxygen saturation. Later complications include arrhythmias, heart enlargement, and heart failure.

Uploaded by

Eiztirf
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 1

Pathophysiology: Tetralogy of Fallot

Modifiable Risk Factors: Non Modifiable Risk Factor


 Tetratogenic Agents  Environmental Factors
 Diet during pregnancy  Genetic Factors
 Prenatal Check – up  Chromosome 22 deletion
 Infection during pregnancy  D’ George Syndrome
 Smoking/alcohol drinking  Gender (Male)
 Maternal Diabetes

Anterior Mal-Alignment of Conal Septum

Conotruncal Malformation

Pulmonary Stenosis Ventricular Septal Defect Dextroposition of Aorta Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

Narrowing of R Mixing of oxygenated and Allows entrance of Forces R ventricle to work


Ventricular outflow unoxygenated blood (R – desaturated blood in even more harder
tract L Shunt) aorta

Right Ventricle become too


Impedimenr in Increased preferential Decreased oxygenation strained and finally gives up
pulmonary blood flow flow of desaturated blood in the system
to the body
Heart failure
S/S: S/S:
 Murmur Decreased oxygenation in  Hypoxic episodes
 Fatigue the system  Echocardiogram S/S:
 Difficulty in feeding result: L – R Shunts  CXR & Echocardiograph
 Failure to gain  Poor capillary refill result: R ventricle
weight Kidney releases  Cold skin enlargement
 Retarded primary Erythropoietin  Jugular vein  ECG reveals deep S waves
growth and distention on the left chest leads, right
physical axis shift and arrhythmias
development Increased blood viscosity  Dilated cardiomyopathies
 Dyspnea on  Chest pain
exertion
 Unpredictable heart rate
 Hyperventilation
S/S:
 Hypokalemia
 Cyanotic spells
 Low O2 saturation
 Syncope
 Sludging of blood
 seizures

You might also like