Network Topologies

Lekshmi Krishna M.R(100609)

MTECH – Technology Management

Department of Futures Studies

University of Kerala

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 CONTENTS

Objective
Topology
Types of topologies
Conclusion
Reference

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 Objectives

Different types of topologies;

Their advantages & disadvantages

How to choose an appropriate topologies in

different situations.

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 What is a Topology?
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 “The way in which the connections are made among all

the computers is called the topology of the network”.

 Network topology specifically refers to the physical

layout of the network, specially the location of the
computers and how the cable is run between them.

 The most common topologies are

 Bus
 Star

 Ring

 Mesh.

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 Bus Topology
5

The bus topology is the simplest and most

common.

It is often used when a network installation is

small, simple, or temporary.

It is a Passive topology. This means that

computers on the bus only listen for data being
sent, they are not responsible for moving the data
from one computer to the next.
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 BUS Topology
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Computer Computer Computer

Computer Computer Computer

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 Bus Topology
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In an active topology network, the computers

regenerate signals and are responsible for moving
the data through the network.

On a bus network, all the computer are connected

to a single cable.

When one computer sends a signal using the

cable, all the computers on the network receive the
information, but only one (Addressee) accepts it.
The rest disregard the message.
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 Advantages of Bus
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The bus is simple, reliable in very small network,

and easy to use.

The bus requires the least amount of cable to

connect the computers together and is therefore
less expensive than other cabling arrangements.

Failure of one node does not affect the rest of

network.

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 Disadvantages of Bus
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Heavy network traffic can slow a bus

considerably.

A break in the cable or lake of proper

termination can bring the network down.

It is difficult to troubleshoot a bus.

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 Appropriateness
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The network is small

The network will not be frequently reconfigured

The least expensive solution is required

The network is not expected to grow much

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 Star Topology
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In a star topology, each device has a dedicated

point to point link only to central controller,
usually called a hub/server/host.

Each computer on a star network communicates

with a central hub that resends the message
appropriate computer (s)

The hub can be active or passive.

An active hub regenerate the electrical signal

and sends it to all the computers connected to it.

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 Star Topology
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This type of hub is often called a multi port

repeater.

Active hub require electrical power to run.

A passive hub, such as wiring panels, merely acts

as a connection point and does not amplify or
regenerate the signal.

Passive hubs do not require electrical power to

run.
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 Star Topology
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Server
Hub

Computer

Computer

Computer
Computer

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 Advantages of Star Topology
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It is easy to modify and add new computers to a star

network
During adding/deleting a node network can function
normally.
When the capacity of the central hub is exceeded, it
can be replaced with one that has a larger number of
ports to plug lines into.
Provide for centralised monitoring and management
of the network.
Single computer failure do not necessarily bring down
the whole star network.

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 Disadvantages of Star Topology
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If the central hub fails, the whole network fails to

operate.

It cost more to cable a star network.

Require dedicated server

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 Appropriateness
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It must be easy to add or remove client

computer.

It must be easy to troubleshoot.

The network is large.

The network is expected to grow in the future.

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 Ring Topology
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 In a ring topology, each computer is connected directly to the

next computer in line, forming a circle of cable.
 It uses token to pass the information from one computer to
another.
 Every computer is connected to the next compute in the ring,
and each retransmit what it receives from the previous
computer.
 The message flow around the ring in one direction.

 Ring is an active topology.

 There is no termination because there is no end to the ring

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 Ring Topology
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Computer

Computer
Computer

Computer Computer

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 Token Passing
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 Token passing a method of sending data in a ring topology

 A small packet, called the token passed around the ring to

each computer in turn
 If a computer has information to send, it modifies the
token, adds address information and the data and sends it
down the ring.

 The information travels around the ring until it either

reaches its destination or returns to the sender.

 A token can circle a ring 200 meters in diameter at about

10,000 times a second.

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 Advantages of Ring Topology
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All the computers have equal access to the

network.

Even with many users, network performance is

even

Allows error checking, and acknowledgement.

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Disadvantages of Ring Topology
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Failure of one computer can affect the

whole network.

It is difficult to troubleshoot the ring

network.

Adding or removing computers disturbs

the network.

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 Appropriateness
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The network must operate reasonably under a

heavy load

A higher-speed network is required.

The network will not be frequently reconfigured.

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 Mesh Topology
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In a mesh topology, every devices has a dedicated

point to point link to every other device.

A fully connected mesh network therefore has

n(n-1)/2 physical channels to link n devices.

To accommodate that many links, every device on

the network must have n-1 input/output ports.

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 Mesh Topology
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C o m p u te r

C o m p u te r C o m p u te r

C o m p u te r
C o m p u te r

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 Advantages of Mesh Topology
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Because of the dedicated link, no traffic between

computers.

Failure of one node computer not affect rest of the

network.

Because of the dedicated link privacy and security

are guaranteed

Point to point links make fault identification and

fault isolation easy.
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 Disadvantages of Mesh Topology
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Due to the amount of cabling and number of

input output ports, it is expensive.

Large space is require to run the cables.

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 Variations of the Major Topologies
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Hybrid Star

A star network can be extended by placing

another star hub where a computer might
otherwise go, allowing several more computers
or hubs to be connected to that hub.

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 Variations of the Major Topologies
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Star Bus

 The star bus topology combine the bus and the star,
linking several star hubs together with bus trunks. If one
computer fails, the hub can detect the fault and isolate
the computer.

 If a hub fails, computers connected to it will not be able

to communicate, and the bus network will be broken
into two segments that can not reach each other.

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 Star Bus
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Hub Hub Hub

Computer Computer
Computer
Computer
Computer Computer
Computer

Computer

Computer Computer

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 Variations of the Major Topologies
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Hybrid Topologies

 Often a network combines several topologies as subnet

works linked together is a large topology.

 For instance one department of business may have decided

to use a bus topology while another department has a ring.

 The two can be connected to each other a central controller

in a star topology

 When two or more topologies are connected together it

forms a hybrid topology

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 Hybrid star

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 Conclusion
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Topologies are essence of computer networks

design.
 Efficient networks can only be built based on the
complete knowledge and understanding of above
mentioned topologies.
 Knowledge of every communication device is of equal
importance to help you find the best option for your
network requirements.
 Optimum networks can be built with complete
knowledge and understanding of computer network
devices and how they are designed, any mistake in
choosing inappropriate techniques, device etc can only be
the waste of time, resources and efforts

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 REFERANCE
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Web Reference

http://www.wifinotes.com/computer-networks/network-
topology.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_topology

Books
Symbolic network analysis by Pen-Min Lin

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THANK YOU!!!!!
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