Hazardous Waste

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Hazardous Waste

Hazardous waste presents immediate or long-term risks to humans, animals, plants, or the
environment. It requires special handling for detoxification or safe disposal. In the U.S.,
hazardous waste is legally defined as any discarded solid or liquid that

 contains one or more of 39 carcinogenic, mutagenic, or


teratogenic compounds at levels that exceed established limits
(includingmany solvents, pesticides, and paint strippers);
 catches fire easily (such as gasoline, paints, and solvents);
 is reactive or unstable enough to explode or release toxic fumes (including acids,
bases, ammonia, and chlorine bleach); or
 is capable of corroding metal containers such as tanks, drums, and barrels (such as
industrial cleaning agents and oven and drain cleaners).

The EPA has a list of more than 500 specific hazardous wastes.

Who's Responsible?
Businesses such as metal finishers, gas stations, auto repair shops, dry cleaners, and photo
developers produce many toxic waste products. These by-products include sulfuric acid,
heavy metals found in batteries, and silver-bearing waste, which comes from photo finishers,
printers, hospitals, schools, dentists, doctors, and veterinarians. Heavy metals, solvents, and
contaminated wastewater result from paint manufacturing. Photo processing also creates
organic chemicals, chromium compounds, phosphates, and ammonium compounds. Even
cyanide can be a by-product, resulting from electroplating and other surface-treatment
processes.

If you think industry is the only source of hazardous waste, you may be surprised. There is
hazardous household waste as well. For example, do you use any of the following items?*

automotive products, such as gasoline, antifreeze, and batteries


oil-based paints and thinners
pool chemicals
pesticides, herbicides, and other garden products
household cleaning products

* There are nontoxic alternatives to many of these products that, when disposed of, do not
constitute hazardous waste. Check with a local "green consumer" organization or find out
more in the related resources section of this exhibit.

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