Internal Combustion Engine

Internal combustion engine
The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of

a fuel (normally a fossil fuel) occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion
chamber. In an internal combustion engine, the expansion of the high-temperature and
-pressure gases produced by combustion applies direct force to some component of the
engine, such as pistons, turbine blades, or a nozzle. This force moves the component
over a distance, generating useful mechanical energy
The term internal combustion engine usually refers to an engine in which combustion is
intermittent, such as the more familiar four-stroke and two-stroke piston engines, along
with variants, such as the six-stroke piston engine and the Wankel rotary engine. A
second class of internal combustion engines use continuous combustion: gas
turbines, jet engines and most rocket engines, each of which are internal combustion
engines on the same principle as previously described.
Animated two stroke engine in operation
The internal combustion engine (or ICE) is quite different from external combustion
engines, such as steamor Stirling engines, in which the energy is delivered to a working
fluid not consisting of, mixed with, or contaminated by combustion products. Working
fluids can be air, hot water, pressurized water or even liquid sodium, heated in some
kind of boiler.
A large number of different designs for ICEs have been developed and built, with a
variety of different strengths and weaknesses. Powered by an energy-dense fuel (which
is very frequently gasoline, a liquid derived from fossil fuels). While there have been and
still are many stationary applications, the real strength of internal combustion engines is
in mobile applications and they dominate as a power supply for cars, aircraft, and boats,
from the smallest to the largest.
cylinder block are as the following :

Internal combustion engines are made from various parts.Each part has its
own location and function for proper working of engine.Some important
parts and its function is as described below.
01) Cylinder Block:-

Function- In the bore of cylinder the fresh charge of air-fuel mixture is
ignited,compressed by piston and expanded to give power to piston.
02) Cylinder Head:-

Function-It carries inlet and exhaust valve.Fresh charge is admitted through
inlet valve and burnt gases are exhausted from exhaust valve.In case of
petrol engine,a spark plug and in case of diesel engine,a injector is also
mounted on cylinder head.
03) Piston:-
Function-During suction stroke,it sucks the fresh charge of air-fuel mixture
through inlet valve and compresses during the compression stroke inside
the cylinder.This way piston receives power from the expanding gases after
ignition in cylinder.Also forces the burnt exhaust gases out of the cylinder
through exhaust valve.
04) Piston Rings:-
Function-It prevents the compressed charge of fuel-air mixture from leaking
to the other side of the piston.Oil rings,is used for removing lubricating oil
from the cylinder after lubrication.This ring prevents the excess oil to mix
with charge.
05) Connecting Rod:-

Function-It changes the reciprocating motion of piston into rotary motion at
crankshaft.This way connecting rod transmits the power produced at piston
to crankshaft.
06) Gudgeon Pin:-

Function-Connects the piston with small end of connecting rod.
07) Crank Pin:-

Function-hand over the power and motion to the crank shaft which come
from piston through connecting rod.
08) Crank Shaft:-

Function-Receives oscillating motion from connecting rod and gives a rotary
motion to the main shaft.It also drives the camshaft which actuate the
valves of the engine.
09) Cam Shaft:-

Function-It takes driving force from crankshaft through gear train or chain
and operates the inlet valve as well as exhaust valve with the help of cam
followers,push rod and rocker arms.
10) Inlet Valve & Exhaust Valve:-

Function-Inlet valve allow the fresh charge of air-fuel mixture to enter the
cylinder bore.Exhaust valve permits the burnt gases to escape from the
cylinder bore at proper timing.
11) Governor:-
Function-It controls the speed of engine at a different load by regulating fuel
supply in diesel engine.In petrol engine,supplying the mixture of air-petrol
and controlling the speed at various load condition.
12) Carburettor:-
Function-It converts petrol in fine spray and mixes with air in proper ratio as
per requirement of the engine.
13) Fuel Pump:-

Function-This device supply the petrol to the carburettor sucking from the
fuel tank.
14) Spark Plug:-

Function-This device is used in petrol engine only and ignite the charge of
fuel for combustion.
15) Fuel Injector:-

Function-This device is used in diesel engine only and delivers fuel in fine
spray under pressure.
Automobile Fuel Supply System
The fuel supply system of the vehicle constitutes an important element of an engine. Its
core function is to ensure the smooth and uninterrupted supply of fuel to other
peripherals of an engine. An automobile fuel supply system comprises of various
components and devices like fuel cells, carburetor, fuel pump, fuel tank, fuel coolers,
automobile filters which are used for storing fuel and distributing it
to internal combustion engine as in when needed. Today, almost every automobile has
a pressurized fuel supply system equipped with a pump that is used for pushing fuel
from the fuel tank to engine of the vehicle.
Carburetor
Carburetor is an integral device or apparatus of an internal combustion engine that is
used for blending air fuel mixture in the correct proportion thereby resulting in smooth
combustion. It is that types of device which also controls and monitors the speed of the
vehicle. These are usually of two types namely surface carburetor and float-feed
carburetor. As displayed in the figure, the leading components of a carburetor are
throttle valve, venturi, air bleed, choke valve, fuel metering orifice, intake valve, exhaust
valve, manifold, fuel chamber and combustion chamber. Most of the modern vehicles
make use of a carburetor that is used for blending accurate amount of vaporized fuel
with air so that the internal combustion engine works efficiently. The carburetors
available in the market accentuate several features such as highest quality standards,
lifetime warranty, engine tested, improved performance, economical, excellent
drivability, versatility, better fuel economy, greater throttle response, quick installation,
highly modifiable and easy to maintain. Carburetors supplied in the market provide
greater calibration capabilities and comprise of central float chamber and a
unique throttle body that comprises of throttle body spacers, throttle cables and more.
The carburetor manufacturing industry presently sizes around US $ 2.4 billion. Its major
manufacturers are AML Carburetor Company, Edelbrock AVS Carburetor, Lectron
Carburetors, Walbro and Tillotson Carburetors, Zenith UK, Holley, Keihin and Rochester
Products Division.
Fuel Injection System

Fuel Injection System is a mechanism through which fuel is injected or metered into the
different components of an internal combustion engine of the vehicle. Under this
system, atomized fuel is directly forced into the engine cylinders without making use of
carburetors. Fuel injection components improve and enhance the efficiency of the
engine improves its performance and lessons polluting exhaust emissions. Modern fuel
injection systems, used in most of the vehicles, control the whole process with the help
of computers. Major components of fuel injection system are fuel injection nozzle,
airflow regulator, fuel pressure regulator, throttle valve, intake valve, piston, cylinder,
crankshaft etc. Increasing inventory management costs and proliferation of stock
keeping unit counts are the two major factors affecting profitability in the fuel injection
system industry. Major key manufacturers such as Denso Corporation, Orbital
Corporation Ltd., Bosch Rexroth AG, Siemens VDO Automotive, Visteon Corporation,
Westport Innovations Inc, Duap AG, and Keihin Corporation are dominating this
industry. Fuel injection system is a modern and automated phenomenon that assists in
getting cut throat gas mileage along with extra horsepower and safer emissions. The
key component of fuel injection system is fuel filter that ensures stable supply of clean
gasoline to the engine. Even a small piece of dirt could ruin the whole fuel injection
system but the presence of standard fuel injectors can save them from getting
damaged. The other vital components of fuel injection system includefuel filter
seal, inline filter, air filter assemblies, fuel pump assembly and more.

Internal Combustion Engine

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Internal combustion engine

The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of

Animated two stroke engine in operation

cylinder block are as the following :

01) Cylinder Block:-

02) Cylinder Head:-

05) Connecting Rod:-

06) Gudgeon Pin:-

07) Crank Pin:-

08) Crank Shaft:-

09) Cam Shaft:-

10) Inlet Valve & Exhaust Valve:-

13) Fuel Pump:-

14) Spark Plug:-

15) Fuel Injector:-

Fuel Injection System

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