Summary Comparison of National Energy Management Standards

SUMMARY COMPARISON
OF
NATIONAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT
STANDARDS
March 2008
UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL UNITED STATES

DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008
REPORT PREPARED
FOR
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

&
LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY
Prepared by:
GTEEMC
GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Enterprise Innovation Institute
760 Spring Street, NW
Atlanta, GA 30332
Contributors:
Deann Desai, William A. Meffert, Holly Grell-Lawe, Aimee McKane (LBNL)
This work was supported at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory by the U.S. Department of
Energy through Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and at Georgia Institute of Technology by
LBNL subcontract 6823380.

.
Disclaimer
This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United

States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct
information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor
The Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes
any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the
accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product,
or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately
owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or
service by its trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not
necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring
by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or The Regents of the
University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein
do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any
agency thereof, or The Regents of the University of California.
Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is an equal
opportunity employer.

Table
of Contents
Page
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................ 2
2.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 4
3.0 METHODOLOGY................................................................................................... 5
4.0 COMPARISON TABLES ......................................................................................... 7

Navigation Table............................................................................................... 7
Scope and Definitions....................................................................................... 8
General requirements, documents and records............................................... 13
Planning requirements .................................................................................... 16
Doing requirements......................................................................................... 23
Checking requirements ................................................................................... 33
Act requirements............................................................................................. 38
5.0 MAJOR FINDINGS .............................................................................................. 40
Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 1

1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Introduction
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI, United States of America) and Associação
Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT, Brazil) recently partnered to submit a proposal to the
International Organization for Standards (ISO). This proposal was for new work to develop an
international management system standard (MSS) for energy. This application was approved by
ISO’s Technical Management Board (TMB).
The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) with the China Standards
Certification Committee (CSC) is sponsoring a working group meeting in Beijing to facilitate
discussion on harmonization of national standards for energy management before the work of the
actual ISO Project Committee, PC 242, begins.
Purpose
This document, Summary Comparison of National Energy Management Standards, is a
condensed version of a very detailed comparison that was developed by the Georgia Institute of
Technology. It is intended to be used at the working group meeting in Beijing to facilitate the
discussion on harmonization of national management system standards for energy. This
document is intended to highlight the major differences among the standards of seven countries.
The standards of these countries are not an exhaustive representation of national energy
standards but do represent those that were most widely available at the time of this writing. This
comparison also includes the quality standard, ISO 9001:2000, the environmental standard, ISO
14001:2004, the European draft standard, CEN CL BT TF189 2007, and the U.K. Standard PAS
99:2006.
The working group meeting in Beijing will be attended by representatives from the countries that
have national energy standards and a stake in the international standard. The discussion at the
Beijing working group will allow many countries to understand the similarities and differences
of the standards and to frame the issues requiring resolution. This will give the harmonization
effort a head start before the first meeting of PC 242, scheduled for September 2008.
Methodology
This document presents a comparative analysis of the elements or requirements in the MSS
energy standards. The many tables in this summary document are organized around the
common framework for management system standard design – the Plan-Do-Check-Act continual
improvement cycle. This allows the elements of all the standards to be broadly grouped into six
categories providing an order for the 26 elements and their corresponding tables (see Section 3.0
Methodology for more details).
Key Findings
Most of the management standard elements that focus on management system best practices (ie.
Policy, internal audits, corrective and preventive action, management review, document control,
training, communication, etc.) show a high degree of similarity and agreement. However, among
the more technical elements of the standards, there are significant differences that will require
considerable effort to achieve harmonization. Illustrating these differences on a very basic level

is the definition of energy and energy performance which varies widely between the
standards.
Those elements that have the lowest level of agreement are in the “PLAN” and “DO” phases of
the continual improvement cycle. These elements, which present the greatest hurdles to
harmonization, are generally technical aspects of energy management, such as purchasing,
design, and use of energy data and information in planning. Specifically, those elements that
showed the lowest level of agreement are,
• Management commitment
• Strategic planning
• Energy data management / energy profile / energy aspects
• Purchasing
• Design
• Energy project implementation
• Contingency Planning
Section 5.0, Major Findings goes into greater detail on each of the elements listed above.
How to use this document

There are 26 tables in this 40 page document. The tables represent a comparative analysis of the
differences in the elements of the energy standards. These tables were developed from very
detailed, word-for-word and side-by-side comparisons of the standards mentioned above. These
tables can be easily navigated, using the navigation table provided in Section 4.0. The heading
of each table displays the requirement topic / standard element and the level of agreement for
that topic among the standards. Besides the comparative analysis of the differences, there are
also questions for discussion that could lead to further thinking and investigation on how to
resolve differences.

2.0 INTRODUCTION
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI, United States of America) and Associação
Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT, Brazil) recently partnered to submit a proposal to the
International Organization for Standards (ISO). This proposal was for new work to develop an
international management system standard (MSS) for energy. This application was approved by
ISO’s Technical Management Board (TMB).
The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) with the China Standards
Certification Committee (CSC) is sponsoring a working group meeting in Beijing to facilitate
discussion on harmonization of national standards for energy management. Many developing
countries will contribute to this meeting by discussing the issues and impacts of management
systems for managing energy in their countries. This comparison summary of 12 management
system standards (MSS) along with the detailed comparison analysis were prepared for the
UNIDO-CSC working group meeting in Beijing, April 2008.
Below, is a list of the management system standards that formed the basis for this comparison.
ISO 14001-2004 and ISO 9001-2000 were also included in the analysis because they form the
basis for many of the national management standards for energy. The standards included are:
1. U.S. Standard MSE 2000:200X draft dated 3-18-2008

2. U.S. Standard ANSI/MSE2000:2005
3. ISO 9001- 2000
4. ISO 14001-2004
5. Chinese Standard GB/T xxx-2000x ICS 03.120.10
6. European Union Standard CEN/CLC/TF 189 N. 030 2007-05-016
7. Swedish Standard SS 62 77 50: 2003
8. Irish Standard IS 393:2005
9. Danish Standard DS 2403 E:2001
10. Netherlands Standard SenterNovem 2004
11. Korean Standard KSA 400:2007
12. United Kingdom Standard PAS 99:2006
These standards were included because they were readily available at the time of this report.
This is not an exhaustive list. There are several other countries that have recently completed
standards or are in the process of developing standards, including Spain and Thailand. The
standards included in this comparison represent most typical approaches to management system
standard development.

3.0 METHODOLOGY
This summary comparison represents a condensed version of a very detailed analysis of the 12
management system standards described above. The detailed analysis is included in a
companion document, Detailed Comparison of National Management System Standards for
Energy. The detailed analysis used several different methods to analyze the similarities and
differences of the standards to assist with future harmonization.
One of the methods used for comparison is the Six Thinking Hats of decision making, created by
Edward de Bono. 'Six Thinking Hats' is a powerful technique for looking at important decisions
from a number of different perspectives. It leads to better decisions by pushing individuals to
move outside their habitual ways of thinking. As such, it contributes to understanding the full
complexity of the decision, identifying issues and opportunities which might otherwise be
overlooked. The ‘Six Thinking Hats’ are typically defined as follows:
.
The White Hat calls for information known or needed. "The facts, just the facts."
The Yellow Hat symbolizes brightness and optimism. Under this hat an
investigator explores the unique additions that only a minority of the standards
included to look for the positives and probe for value and benefit
The Black Hat is judgment – significant differences or trends. Under this hat an
investigator spots the difficulties and dangers; where things might go wrong.
Probably the most powerful and useful of the Hats but a problem if overused.
The Red Hat denotes differences. When using this hat an investigator
expresses differences and issues that need resolution.
The Green Hat focuses on creativity; unique additions, possibilities,
alternatives, and new ideas. Under this hat an investigator has an opportunity to
express new concepts and new perceptions.
The Blue Hat is used to manage the thinking process. Under this hat, an
investigator has the opportunity to harmonize terminology. Terminology is a
key place for discussion and harmonization so this represents a control point in
the process of the six hats.
For this summary comparison, only the black hat and the red hat analyses are presented to
accentuate the differences; the detailed analysis presents all six hats. The red hat presents the
perceived differences and the black hat signifies significant differences that present the greatest
difficulties and dangers for harmonization. The black hat analyses are in bold text and yellow
highlighting, to quickly identify areas requiring further dialogue. The Red Hat thoughts are not.
The table topics are organized around a common MSS framework. They employ a plan-do-
check-act continual improvement cycle to management system design and utilize either ISO
9001 and/or ISO 14001 as a basis. This results in the standards having many similar elements.
Though the title of the elements in each standard varies, and some standards include sections that
others do not, they can all be grouped according to the following broad categories:

♦ Scope and Definitions
♦ General Requirements, Documents and Records
♦ “Planning” elements
♦ “Doing” elements
♦ “Checking” elements
♦ “Acting” elements
In Section 4.0 of this report, separate tables for each of the elements under these broad categories
is displayed with a column for comparative analysis (red hats and black hats) and another for
discussion questions. In addition, the level of agreement between the standards for each element
is graded and shown in the heading for that table. The grading levels are low, medium, and high.
These levels are based on the following criteria:
High – strong agreement, eight (8) or more of the twelve (12) standards agreed
Medium – six (6) to eight (8) of the twelve (12) standards agreed
Low – five (5) or less of the twelve (12) standards agreed

4.0 COMPARISON TABLES
NAVIGATION TABLE
The navigation table below contains links to each of the management system elements. This
table will help the reader to navigate the more than 30 pages of comparison tables in this
document. The links will help the reader to go directly to those elements they are most interested
in or to look immediately at those elements that have the lowest level of agreement. In the last
column of the navigation table, the grade (low, medium, or high) of similarity is listed. At the
end of each table is a HOME link that will bring the reader back to the navigation table.
*HOME
Categories Elements Level of
agreement
Scope and Definitions Scope Medium
Definitions Medium
General Requirements General Requirements High
Documentation High
Records High
“Planning” elements Management commitment Low
Energy Policy High
Responsibility and authority Medium
Strategic planning Low
Energy data management Low
Energy Profile (aspects) Medium
Legal and other High
Goals, targets and projects High
“Doing” elements Purchasing Low
Design Low
Communication High
Competency, training and awareness High
Equipment, systems, and process control Medium
Energy project implementation Low
Calibration Medium
Contingency planning Low
“Checking” elements Monitoring and measurement Medium
Evaluation of legal and other requirements High
Internal audits Medium
Nonconforming, corrective action, preventive High
action
“Acting” elements Management review High

SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS
Requirement Topic: SCOPE

Level of agreement: Medium
Comparative Analysis Questions for discussion
Three of the energy standards support the limitation of the scope. The CEN What are acceptable exclusions for the
standard supports the control and influence of energy it can monitor. The management system of energy?
Swedish standard supports the policy, and conditions under which the
organization operates. The Korean standard supports the consideration of How should the level of control or influence
the policy, activities, products and services, the status of the organization within the scope be addressed?
and its operating conditions.
If the existing management system scopes
• Inclusion of what the system includes such as primary and secondary energy conflict with the management system for energy
sources. scope, what are appropriate resolutions?
• The US presents the purpose of the management system to control and reduce
costs, and energy related environmental impacts. The Chinese standard Should the scope of the system be documented?
indicates that the purpose is to reduce energy consumption and increase
energy efficiency. Can areas within the scope such as processes,
• The CEN, Irish, and Danish standards include improving energy performance specific equipment or buildings be excluded?
in a systemic way as a purpose of the system.
• The CEN and Swedish Irish standards include the purpose of the system is to Does the scope requirement need to be
increase the use of renewable energy and/or increased energy exchange with modified or guidance provided for special
the rest of society. The Irish standard states it is to have a more efficient and situations such as co-located facilities?
sustainable use of energy.
• Only the Korean standard indicates the specification contains legal What should be the purpose of the management
requirements. system for energy?
HOME

Requirement Topic: DEFINITIONS
♦ The basic definition of energy is significantly different between the standards. What is the definition of energy?
The US definition includes both primary and secondary energy and represents
the most inclusive definition. Secondary energy is not addressed by the CEN, How does this definition impact the
Swedish, Irish or Danish standards. Only the US standard addresses water as scope of the system? (i.e. can a source
a part of the energy system. of energy be excluded in the scope of
♦ Energy aspect is defined by CEN, Sweden, and Ireland in terms of what can the system)
affect energy usage, where Denmark and the Netherlands define it in terms of
energy consumption. Korea defines it in terms of influencing energy. This Terminology represents a great
demonstrates a significant discrepancy in the use of the term aspect. opportunity for discussions. The choice
♦ Energy Target or Target – The Chinese standard, and the current version of of terms and definitions used both offer
the US standard (not the draft) require targets to be measurable. CEN, opportunities.
Ireland, and Denmark only require they be quantifiable. China also requires
that targets be set to reduce energy consumption. Sweden suggests a
connection to significant energy aspects when possible but does not require a
connection – similar to ISO 14001.
♦ -Top Management – Swedish, Irish, and Danish standards specifically define
top management in terms of those who control the PART of the organization
under the energy management system. The US and CEN standards use the
current management system definition – direct the organization at the highest
level.
• Action Area – this definition only appears in two of the standards the Irish and the
Danish. It allows for the system to be applied in a very limited area of the
organization.
• Aspect is used routinely in many of the standards but it is only defined in the PAS
document.
• Audit is only defined in the CEN standard. The definition of the term Audit does
specifically use the term independent which is not compatible with the current
versions of the other management system standards. The current definitions in the

other management system standards allow for audits as long as the auditor is
objective. The term independent could introduce the concept of
“certification/verification” audits – beyond the management system requirements. It
also introduces a point of divergence from existing management system standards.
• Benchmarks for energy management is only defined in the China standard. The
comparison can be historical or it could be an index. This does not provide for clear
comparisons over time against changing circumstances.
• Commissioning and Continuous Commissioning are only defined in the US
standard. The benefits of this process relate to new buildings and energy systems
and on the measuring and monitoring value.
• Contingency Planning is only defined in the PAS standard but is not addressed in
any of the energy standards.
• Continual improvement is a term that has several different definitions. The CEN,
Irish, and Danish standards use the same definition and indicate that the activity that
provides greater efficiency should be performed continuously by the organization.
The US, Swedish and Korean standards reference continual improvement in terms
of improvement in overall energy performance. This definition is more in alignment
with the current definition in management system standards.
• Effectiveness is only defined in the Korean Standard.
• Efficiency is only defined in the Korean Standard.
• Energy Assessment – is only defined in the US standard.
• Energy baseline – is only defined in the US standard.
• Energy Conservation Factors is only defined in the Chinese standard.
• Energy Efficiency - It is defined the same way in the CEN and Irish standards. The
Korean standard provides a definition in terms of an index or ratio.
• Energy Goal – is only defined in the Korean Standard.
• Energy Management – is defined in the Dutch standard, but is based on minimizing
energy consumption.
• Energy Management Projects/Programs – are defined in the US and Dutch

standards.
• Energy Objective – the CEN and Irish standards have the same definition but the
Chinese standard defines it in terms of reduction of energy consumption. The
Swedish definition includes a note that provides examples of objectives such as use
of renewable energy, and exchange with the rest of society- this is not necessarily
addressed by other standards. There is similarity between the use of the terms
objective and goal.
• Energy Profile (Key Figures) – defined in the US standard as the profile and as key
figures in the Irish standard. The on-going metrics tracking for significant energy
uses.
• Energy quality – only defined in the Korean standard.
• Energy related Environmental Impact – defined by Korean standard; makes the
connection between energy, global warming, and green house gases.
• Energy System- defined by the US and Korea.
• Major energy aspect – only defined by Korea.
• Organization – is defined by eight standards. There is disagreement on the entire
organization versus part of an organization, which would significantly impact scope
of an energy management system.
• Primary Energy Resource- the use of this term is not consistent across the standards
and what it does and does not include is not consistent across the standards for
example China’s definition does not include electricity.
• Re-commissioning – only presented by the US standard.
• Secondary Energy resource – there is not a consistent approach to the use of this
term including what is and is not included for example China includes electricity as
a secondary source.
• Significant energy aspect- is presented by three standards. The CEN standard
considers an aspect significant if it can affect a significant total of energy use. The
Swedish standard considers it significant if it can affect a significant part of the
energy use, has potential for more efficient use or increased energy exchange.

Denmark considers an aspect significant if it can impact a large portion of energy

use and offers considerable potential for conservation.
• Significant energy use – this represents an alternative approach to significant
aspects. The US standard basis it on the energy profile, CEN to total energy use,
and Ireland if it is a large portion and offers considerable potential for conservation.
• Strategic Planning – is only defined by Korea
• Supplier - is defined by the US and Korean standards.
• Sustainable use of energy – only defined by Ireland.
HOME

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS, DOCUMENTS AND RECORDS
Requirement Topic: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Level of agreement: High
• This section of the standard provides a starting point for the discussion for The Plan Do Check Act continual
ordering elements in the standard. improvement cycle is flexible, what
o What belongs in the planning part of the standard? order of requirements best serve the
o What belongs in the doing part of the standard? management system for energy?
o Do outsourced processes need to be considered?
o Where does document control fit into the standard? Should there be a requirement to require
o Does strategic planning belong in the standard? adoption of energy saving technologies
• The Chinese standard includes a general requirement to have a mechanism to and products?
adopt energy saving technologies and products.
Should there be a general requirement to
• There is opportunity to complete the discussion on scope. The draft U.S. standard determine criteria for operational
and the Swedish standard both ask for defining any exclusion to the scope. controls?
• There is opportunity to discuss a requirement to address outsourcing as a general
requirement- this is an issue for quality systems but many organizations are Should there be a general requirement to
outsourcing energy services. The US. Standard does allow for this to be addressed ensure the availability of resources?
through the purchasing requirements of the MSE.
• The Quality, Korean and PAS standard require the organizations to identify their Should there be a general requirement to
processes needed for energy management. monitor and measure the processes
• The Quality, Korean and PAS standard require the organizations to determine the identified in the management system?
sequence and interaction of the processes related to energy management.
• The Quality, Chinese, Korean, and PAS standards include a general requirement to
determine the criteria for operational control. The Chinese standard focuses on
reduction of energy consumption.
• The Quality, Korean, and PAS standards have a general requirement to ensure the
availability of resources for the MSE.
• The Quality, Korean, and PAS standards have a general requirement to monitor and
measure the processes identified
HOME

Requirement Topic: DOCUMENTATION
• The CEN standard combines documents and records. Documents and Should data control be considered as a
records are presented as separate issues in this analysis, since only one of requirement?
the eleven standards took this approach. Requirements related to records
are not included in this analysis. Documents and records serve different
• The Swedish standard raises the question about the inclusion of purposes. Should issues related to records be
information/data and how it should be controlled. Energy information or raised in document control requirements?
data could be seen as competitive information; and it may not be a record
so how it is addressed by the system is unclear. Should the concept of work instructions be
introduced in the standard or left to the
• The Chinese standard adds the need for work instructions when necessary to organization to determine type of documents
ensure proper operation. used?
• ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 standards mention the difference between a
document and a record. None of the energy standards mention this difference. Should there be a requirement to be able to
• Two of the energy standards and the two MSS standards mention control of locate the document?
records in this section but reference the user to another section of the standard.
• Five of the standards include a requirement that documents can be located –
this generally applies to records and availability or distribution generally
applies to documents.
HOME

Requirement Topic: RECORDS
There are no significant differences. Should the requirements for records be a
different document from the one that
• Nine of the standards include the requirement to establish, maintain records to addresses documents?
demonstrate the requirements of the standard
• Nine of the standards include the requirement that the records demonstrate the Continuation of the discussion of order or
performance or effectiveness of the system location of requirements.
• Seven of the standards specifically require a records procedure. The
Netherlands requires that the records system be described.
• There is general agreement that the procedure should address identification,
storage, protection, retrieval, retention and disposal of records. It is interesting
to note that the US, Korea, China, PAS 99 and current MSS separate out the
requirements for records control and document control while the European
standards, with the exception of Denmark, combine it with document control.
• Nine of the standards agree that records should be legible, identifiable, and
traceable. HOME

PLANNING REQUIREMENTS
• Management
commitment
• Energy policy
• Responsibility and
Authority
• Energy data
management
• Energy profile
• Legal and other
• Goals, targets and
projects
PLAN Requirement Topic: MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT

Level of agreement: Low
Comparative Questions for discussion
There is not a consensus to include this requirement in the energy Should there be a section called Management
management standard. At issue is whether management commitment commitment or are these requirements adequately
should be identified as a separate requirement or whether inclusion in covered in through other requirements in the
the section on roles, responsibilities and authorities is enough. As a management system standard?
point of reference in the discussion, the Quality standard includes this
section as an important part of the process and the Environmental Should there be a requirement that management
standard does not- because it uses roles, responsibilities, and authorities present the status of the management system to the
to address these issues. organization periodically?
HOME Should the requirements of the standard define the

structure used by the organization to implement and
manage the management system (management
representative, team, and committee).

PLAN Requirement Topic: ENERGY POLICY
• The policy requirements did not present any significant questions or How many required commitments should be
trends. included in the policy?
• The US and Korea include a requirement that the policy be consistent with Should there be a requirement that the policy be
other policies. consistent with other policies?
• The Dutch standard includes a commitment to energy efficiency and
prevention of unnecessary energy consumption. Should there be a requirement to commit to
• The CEN, Irish, Danish, and Dutch standards add the statement in the form energy efficiency and prevention of
of improved energy efficiency to the commitment of continual improvement. unnecessary energy consumption?
• Four standards (quality, China, CEN, and PAS99) include a requirement that
the policy is reviewed for continuing suitability. Should there be a connection to environmental
• The Chinese standard adds a requirement to commit to carry out appropriate impacts in the policy?
projects measures and adopt best workable technologies and good operation
criteria Should the policy awareness include employees
and those working on behalf of the organization
• The Danish standards adds a commitment to cover products, processes and
or just employees?(also see competency,
other activities that have an influence on the significant energy uses
awareness and training)
• The Korean and US standards (2005 version) add a requirement to consider
energy related environmental impacts when developing the policy.
Should the policy include a policy commitment
• The US (2005 version) requires the organization considers the available to cover products, processes and other activities
alternative sources of energy.
that have an influence on the significant energy
• The US (2005 version) requires the organization considers the level of uses?
quality and appropriateness of sources and the effect on operations.
• The Danish standard adds the requirement that the organization commits to What role should voluntary requirements play
identifying the voluntary requirements related to energy to which the in the policy or policy development?
organization voluntarily subscribes.
• The Chinese standard requires a commitment to a reduction of energy
consumption
• The Chinese standard adds to the legal and other commitment a statement

PLAN Requirement Topic: ENERGY POLICY
that includes applied energy management, implement advanced energy
conservation standards and marks
• The Quality standard and the Korean standard indicate that the policy is
intended for employees of the organization, whereas the other standards
indicate it applies to those who work both for and on behalf of the
organization. HOME
PLAN Requirement Topic: RESPONSIBILITY AND AUTHORITY

• Should resources be considered as a part of these requirements or in a Should the management system requirements
separate section? require the use of a team?
• Should the structure of the management system require the use of teams
or Top Management committees? There is a requirement for teams in Should resources be addressed in this area of
sector standards but not in most MSS. the standard?
• The Quality and Chinese standards include a requirement that the Should the management representative be
management representative act as a liaison appointed by management?
• The Quality standard includes a requirement for the management
representative to promoting awareness Should the management team appoint the
• The US and Korean standard include requirements for the management energy team?
representative to organize and appoint the team members for the energy
team.
• The Korean standard includes a requirement that the management
representative take action on items from management review.
• The Chinese standard introduces the concept that management representative
may work full or part time.

PLAN Requirement Topic: RESPONSIBILITY AND AUTHORITY
• Two standards raise the idea of a team (US and Korea). The team is formed
by the management representative and membership approved by top
management. The team members come from a variety of staff that is
affected by the management system for energy and may include external
stakeholders.
• The team is responsible for the goals/objectives
• Korea includes responsibilities of the team for:
o Periodic energy aspect analysis
o Periodic management system performance evaluations
o Establishing and executing the projects. HOME
PLAN Requirement Topic: STRATEGIC PLANNING

Only two of the twelve standards included this topic as a Should this requirement be included in the standard?
requirement. There is significant disagreement on whether
to include this element. HOME What are the necessary system connections to support this topic
within the standard?

PLAN Requirement Topic: ENERGY DATA MANAGEMENT, ENERGY PROFILE
Level of agreement: Low, Medium
For determining the focus for the improvement in the system there are two Should energy data be included in the standard?
basic approaches. One is data driven, based on the energy profile – from
which projects are chosen and implemented. The other addresses the Is data control a part of document control or a
operational controls for the significant energy aspects and programs chosen separate issue?
that consider significant energy users. Should the approach be data driven, with the
minimum required parameters specified?
• The Korean standard adds a requirement that the information is updated
through data collection at least once per year. Among other standards, there Should normalized key indicators be required?
is disagreement about an annual requirement rather than requiring dynamic
monitoring and measurement of the system. Should a connection to data analysis be added
• There is limited agreement in what should or should not be included in the to the standard to support the data from either
profile/ review. of the two approaches?
• The US standard includes a specific list of items for the energy profile as
well as what is included by each of those items. This level of detail is not Should criteria for selection of
represented by the other standards. projects/programs be provided or determined by
• The US standard encourages the use of a baseline and a comparison to the the organizations?
baseline. However, it also indicates that the baseline should not be changed
except under specific conditions. Should a baseline of information be required?
• The criteria for selection of projects varies between the standards, each
provides some value which should and should not be included is a good point
of discussion.
• Four of the standards agree that the timeframe for the projects should be
documented. (US draft, Chinese, Danish and Dutch)
• The Dutch standard includes a requirement to consider energy in investments
and product development.
• The US draft standard includes a requirement that the data is used to measure
performance against energy goals, targets, and baseline.
• China adds a requirement that the information on energy objectives and
targets include information about the adoption of new technologies, new

PLAN Requirement Topic: ENERGY DATA MANAGEMENT, ENERGY PROFILE
Level of agreement: Low, Medium
energy and potential of energy conservation.
• The Korean standard includes a requirement that goals be expressed in
numerical values.
• The Korean standard includes a requirement that the data required is
controlled and confirmed where necessary for key performance indicators,
cost, consumption and efficiency.
HOME
PLAN Requirement Topic: LEGAL AND OTHER

There are no significant differences; however, the level of regulation varies
greatly among the countries represented. Should the legal requirements be limited to the
energy management system scope?
• Four of the standards (environmental, Chinese, CEN and Irish) include a
requirement to determine how these requirements apply to the organization. Should the legal and other requirements include
• China adds a requirement to update the legal requirements. a requirement to determine how these items
• Only the environmental standard requires the evaluation of other apply to the organization?
requirements.
• Inclusion of Note – other requirements may include: certification system for
energy savings products, energy efficiency label, energy audit system
elimination system of high energy consuming products standards good
operation criteria etc. HOME

PLAN Requirement Topic: GOALS, TARGETS AND PROJECTS
All of the standards require action taken to achieve goal, Do goals and targets demonstrate energy performance, and/or
objectives, and targets. However, some standards require continual improvement?
projects and other programs. This terminology difference
will have to be resolved. Do projects demonstrate energy performance and/or continual
• All of the standards require goals that are consistent with improvement?
the energy policy. Several use the term objectives instead
of goals. The U.S. also requires consistency with the What is the relationship of preventive actions to projects and
strategic plan. The Dutch and Korean standards require goals?
both short term and longer term goals/objectives.
• Five of the standards require the goals / objectives to be Should timeframe be required to be documented?
measurable.
• Seven of the standards require that targets are established Should energy investments be considered?
for the goals/objectives.
• All of the standards (except Quality) require that projects Should goals be expressed in numerical values?
or programs are established to meet the objectives, goals,
and targets of the organization. Should goals and targets be related to projects?
• The considerations for developing goals varies with some
requiring consideration of legal requirements, other
standards including finances, as well as the expected
energy and environmental considerations.
HOME

DOING REQUIREMENTS
• Purchasing
• Design
• Communication,
• Competency, training
and awareness
• Equipment, systems,
and process control
• Energy project
implementation
• Calibration
• Contingency planning
DO Requirement Topic: PURCHASING

• Purchasing represents a technical aspect of energy management. It is not Should purchasing be a separate section of
clear that the full nature of this technical aspect is addressed in the requirements in the standard?
standards other than the US and China.
Should purchasing address bids and
• Five of the standards (US, China, Sweden, and Denmark) require a procedure for contracts, as well as specifications for
purchasing. equipment?
• Five of the standards (US, Quality, China and Korea – not the same as the list for
required procedure) Should purchasing include a requirement to
• Korea adds the requirement that the organization shall select the equipment, review suppliers based on criteria?
facilities, and systems with high energy efficiency and low energy consumption.
• The US 2005 version requires that the organization review and approve energy
purchasing specifications such as RFP and RFQ for adequacy prior to release.
• The US standard requirements specify the types of specification on energy

including:
o Energy quality (US and China)
o Availability (US and China)
o Capacity
o Variation over time (US and China)
o Billing parameters
o Environmental Impact
• The quality standard (ISO 9001) includes a general purchasing requirement on
the approval of product, procedures, processes and equipment.
• The quality standard (ISO 9001) includes a general purchasing requirement on
personnel and services.
• The quality and Chinese standard both include a requirement to ensure the
specifications are reviewed for adequacy prior to providing them to a supplier.
• The US standard includes a requirement that the criteria for suppliers include
reliability and financial risk to the organization. The Chinese standard includes
consideration of risks and energy quality considerations. The US 2005 version
includes a requirement to approve equipment and systems based on a series of
criteria including efficiency, recyclability, durability, etc.
• Five standards (US, Quality, China, and Denmark) require the organization to
evaluate and select suppliers on their ability to meet requirements. The Danish
extend the requirement to add that the suppliers are partly evaluated on the basis
of energy consumption.
• When communicating with suppliers there are several unique limitations:
o Environmental standard limits to goods and services related to
significant aspects
o China to items that are important energy conservation factors
o CEN to equipment and raw materials
o Sweden to equipment and raw materials with impacts on significant
energy aspects
o Denmark to energy consuming equipment and raw materials having a

significant impact on energy consumption
• The Chinese standard adds the requirement that the organization testify the
products provided by energy suppliers.
• The US and Quality standards require records of the supplier evaluations.
• The US and Chinese standards require the evaluation of bids, offers, and tariffs.
• The US and Chinese standards require the review, evaluation and records of
contracts.
• The US and Korea agree that the controls on outsourced processes should be
documented.
• Korea also requires records on the controls of outsourced processes.
• Korea requires records of purchase related processes.
• The US 2005 version requires the organization to consider products that can
have a reduced effect on humans or the environment.
• There is a note in the US 2005 version that states the use of environmentally
preferable purchasing guidelines is recommended. HOME

DO Requirement Topic: DESIGN
Although the concept of design is present in most of the standards at some level, Should design be a separate section of
it is primarily considered to be a part of operational control and not separated requirements in the standard?
out as a separate section.
What topics (equipment, facilities, major
• Five standards (US draft, Chinese, CEN, Swedish, and Korean) address the need changes, minor changes, etc) should be
for energy efficiency in the design process. covered by the design requirements?
• Design systems are limited by the US draft standard to the design of new
facilities or major modifications or expansions. The Danish scope of design is Should the design requirements represent an
similar but includes renovations. input/ output approach?
• The US draft includes a requirement to record the decisions and update the
energy profile as necessary. Should design considerations include items
• The US draft introduces a separate requirement related to the selection process that address issues other than direct
for purchases of equipment related to significant energy uses and what should be reduction of consumption or immediate
considered. improved efficiency such as durability,
• The US draft adds additional considerations for equipment including: operations reusability, recycled content, sustainability,
and maintenance cost. suitability for recycling, durability. reusability. recycled new technology and alternative energy
content. disassembly potential, and legal and other requirements sources?
• The US draft adds a requirement that addresses the commissioning, re-
commissioning or continuous commissioning of new and existing facilities, What records of design activities should be
plants, or systems. required?
• The Quality and Chinese standards add a consideration of safety and quality.
• There is not agreement on the items that should be included in the design
considerations.
HOME

DO Requirement Topic: COMMUNICATION
The ISO 9001 system focuses on internal communication; the customer Should internal communication include those
process for communication being separate. The environmental and energy working on behalf of the organization?
standards focus on the combination of internal and external communication
processes. Should supplier communication be addressed in
the communication requirements?
• The Korean and PAS standard add a requirement to receive records and
respond to relevant external communication.
• The CEN, Irish, and Danish standards add a requirement that internal
communication includes those working on behalf of the organization.
HOME
DO Requirement Topic: COMPETENCY, TRAINING AND AWARENESS

There are no significant differences other than the minor ones listed in the Red Hat Should competency requirements apply
Thinking. to employees or those working on behalf
of the organization?
• The US, environmental, and PAS 99 standards state that competency applies to
personnel working on behalf of the organization, where as the Quality, Chinese, Should the benefits or importance of
CEN, Irish, Danish, Dutch, and Korean standards limit this to employees of the conformance be a part of awareness
organization. training?
• The Quality standard includes the requirement to determine the competencies for
personnel. What records of training should be
• The US draft, Quality, Environmental, Chinese and Korean standards require required?
records of competency.
• The US draft, and Environmental standards include a requirement to maintain

DO Requirement Topic: COMPETENCY, TRAINING AND AWARENESS
records of training needs.
• The Quality and PAS 99 standards add a requirement to evaluate the effectiveness of
the actions taken.
• The Environmental standard expands the awareness requirement beyond the
employees to those working on behalf of the organization.
• Three standards (US, Quality and Korean) include a requirement to make employees
aware of energy goals, targets.
• China adds the requirement that employees are aware of benefits of reduced energy
consumption and increased energy efficiency and energy management.
• Five of the standards (US draft, Environmental, Irish, Danish, and PAS 99) include a
requirement that employees be aware of the importance of conformance with the
management system.
• Four of the standards (Environmental, Chinese, Swedish, and Korean) include a
requirement that the employee be aware of the consequences of departing from the
procedures.
• China and CEN include a requirement that those employees whose work is related to
the control, purchase, storage, use or treatment of energy will be specially trained.
HOME

DO Requirement topic: EQUIPMENT, SYSTEMS AND PROCESS CONTROL
• The current MSS have moved to the term criteria from work instructions to What equipment, system, process, or other
allow a more flexible approach to documentation. For example, criteria may controls are the necessary in the
be provided in a form or through a computer system or drawing and not management system for energy?
necessarily in a procedure or work instruction.
• The measuring and monitoring of processes is included under measuring and Should the controls in the system address
monitoring in other MSS to provide consistency and clarity. Consideration to all the processes in the management
integration issues and the location of measuring and monitoring of processes system such as purchasing, design,
should be discussed. maintenance, legal, measuring and
• Records and the use of those records in data analysis are not clear in these monitoring, etc.?
requirements. Appropriate connections to required records and any data
analysis or use in management review need to be considered. Should the controls in the system address
the projects?
• The controls included by the standards have considerable variation, creating an
opportunity for discussion. Should the controls include facilities, and
• The Irish standard includes a broad range of controls in this section that address significant energy uses?
the topics of purchasing, design, and maintenance.
• The Dutch standard starts the section with the statement that the organization
documents insight into energy consumption of significant energy consumers and
the behavior and/or technology with which these are managed.
• The PAS 99 standard links the controls to conditions necessary to meet the
policies, objectives and legal requirements of the system.
• Korea adds facilities in with equipment.
• The US and Quality standards include measuring and monitoring requirements as
an operational control.
• The Quality standard adds in the requirement for a process that defines the review
and approval of the criteria, equipment and personnel.
• China identifies several items in control not otherwise addressed these include
requirements for:
o Reduction of energy consumption

DO Requirement topic: EQUIPMENT, SYSTEMS AND PROCESS CONTROL
o Energy efficiency given priority in approval of equipment
o Identification of best workable technology
o Managing necessary infrastructure and environment
o Research of new technologies
o Adoption of new energy and renewable energy
• Records requirements are added by quality and Korea.
• Restoration considerations are added by CEN, Sweden and Korea. HOME
DO Requirement Topic: ENERGY PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

This topic is not widely addressed in the standards compared. Should there be a requirement for energy
This requirement provided the “doing” connection within the standards that project implementation in the
address energy projects. management system for energy?
HOME Are there additional connections

necessary for projects in the management
system for energy standard?

DO Requirement Topic: CALIBRATION
• There are two basic approaches to calibration. As a point for What level of detail should be included in the
comparison : management system for energy?
o The Quality MSS includes requirements due to the importance of
calibration in meeting customer requirements. Should calibration requirements also apply
o The Environmental standard does not include the detailed when the activities are consigned?
requirements due to the nature of the items used, such as pH paper
in environmental measuring and monitoring.
• The location of the calibration requirements also varies. Some of the
standards place it in the DO section of the PDCA cycle. Others place it
in the ACT section of the PDCA cycle. Some standards have a separate
section for calibration while others include it either in operational
controls or measuring and monitoring.
• The organization shall identify what needs to be calibrated is added by the

quality MSS.
• The organization shall acquire or retain the appropriate equipment is added
by the Korean standard.
• The Korean and Quality standard add a requirement to ensure valid results.
• The Quality standard adds a requirement to calibrate against traceable
standards.
• The Quality and Korean standard add the requirement to adjust the
calibration as appropriate.
• The Quality standard adds the requirement to identify the calibration status.
• The Quality and Korean standards add a requirement to safeguard and
protect the devices.
• The Korean standard adds the requirement that calibration requirements be
followed even when the measuring and monitoring activities are consigned.
HOME

DO Requirement Topic: CONTINGENCY PLANNING
Other than PAS 99 this topic is not addressed. Should contingency planning be considered as a
requirement for the management system of
energy standard?
HOME
Would the inclusion of this requirement
strengthen the standard?
What additional connections to other sections of

the standard would need to be established to
support contingency planning?

CHECKING REQUIREMENTS
• Monitoring and
measurement
• Evaluation of legal
and other
requirements
• Internal audits
• Nonconforming
• Corrective action
• Preventive action
CHECK Requirement Topic: MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT

There is a significant amount of variation in what information should be Should available standard measurement
measured and monitored to demonstrate an effective system, or effective and verification protocols
processes. recommendations be included in the
standard?
• The Quality standard begins the measuring and monitoring section with a
statement that the organization shall plan and implement measuring and Should commissioning, re-
monitoring to accomplish three items. Then follows with requirements related to commissioning, or continuous
those three items (process, product, continual improvement). commissioning ® be included in the
• The US draft adds in the requirement that where available standard measurement standard?
and verification protocols be used.
• The US draft adds in a requirement to use cost data to verify performance and Should energy consumption and
savings from commissioning are achieved. equipment condition be required
• China adds a requirement that energy measurement and verification to include monitoring/measurements in the

CHECK Requirement Topic: MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT
energy consumption of products, condition of equipment that day, procedures of management for energy system?
energy purchase, storage, usage and treatment, adoption of new technologies and
new energy, and potential of energy conservation. Should energy balance, energy
• China adds the requirement that measurement, collection, cleaning and use of conservation surveillance technologies, or
energy data and information shall be carried out according to requirement on energy consumption be required?
calculation of total production energy consumption, energy balance of enterprise,
energy conservation surveillance technologies, energy conservation products
evaluation, enterprise energy audit technologies, etc.
HOME
CHECK Requirement Topic: EVALUATION OF LEGAL AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS

The Chinese, CEN, Swedish, Danish and Dutch standards include a connection to Should legal and other requirements be
legal and other requirements commitment in the policy. They require that the included as a requirements section within the
organization periodically evaluate compliance. standard?
HOME
Should the organizations be required to
identify the legal and other requirements that
are applicable to their organization?
Should this identification be limited to legal

requirements related to energy?

CHECK Requirement Topic: INTERNAL AUDITS
Although the standards agree that audits should be based on importance and How should internal audits be focused (on
previous results, they do not agree on the focus for importance. The US significant energy uses, projects, utility
Standard uses energy status as the focus, the Chinese uses the influence of tracking data, system processes, etc.) in order
energy efficiency, the CEN, Irish and Danish use importance of the processes to be effective for the management system?
and areas (no reference to energy), the Swedish use the significant energy
aspects, and the Koreans use the impact of energy. Does ISO 19011 address the needs for energy
auditors in terms of auditor qualifications or
• The CEN, Irish, Danish and Korean standards have a requirement to document issues related to technical data for energy?
the audit. In the case of the Korean standard it is specifically referencing a
required audit checklist which is a document that would be controlled by the Should an audit checklist be required by the
MSE. In the case of the CEN, Irish, and Danish standard it is in reference to standard?
audit results. These are treated as records by the other standards and not as
documents. The issue of record vs. document was noted in the document and Should emphasis be placed on any section of
records requirement review. This is a specific example within the standard. the standard requirements for the evaluation
• A checklist that addresses specific topics is a requirement of the Korean of conforming to the standard?
standard.
• The CEN standard stated that “a) conforms to the energy policy, objectives, Should a requirement be included that
programs, and all other requirements of this standard” to provide emphasis on establishes the minimum number of audits or
the planning part of the PDCA cycle. a timeframe?
• The US, CEN, Chinese, and Korean standards add the requirement that
auditors shall not audit their own work; this is in alignment with current MSS Should a reference to ISO 19011 be included
trends. in the standard?
• The US adds the requirement that the procedure address the retaining of
records, the Chinese add the requirement that the procedure include the criteria What items should be included in the list of
for the audit. items that the procedure should address?
• The US, China, Korea, and the Quality standard require that the internal audit
results be brought to the attention of persons who can take corrective action.
The Korean and 2005 version of MSE add the connection requirement that
internal audits be reported to management review.

CHECK Requirement Topic: INTERNAL AUDITS
• The Dutch and the Korean standard include a requirement that the audits be
conducted at least once per year.
• (Connection to Nonconformance, corrective and preventive action) Should a
note be added here to address the intent that internal audit finding require a
corrective action. Recall note in nonconformance section that allows
organizations to determine the need for action.
HOME
CHECK Requirement Topic: NONCOMFORMING, CORRECTIVE ACTION, PREVENTIVE ACTION

• Several standards combine nonconforming, corrective and preventive Should nonconformities include actual and
action. potential?
• Several standards separate nonconforming (identifying the problem),
corrective (solving the problem), and preventive (responding to trends in What is an energy nonconformity?
data analysis).
• Several standards allow the corrective and preventive processes to be Should the standard require that the
combined. responsibilities and authorities for identifying
• A few of the energy standards do not address nonconforming. and responding to nonconformities be defined
in the system?
• The US, environmental and Korean standards introduce the concept of actual
or potential nonconformities. Should corrective action allow for no action
• The CEN, Irish and Danish standards require that the organization take action to be taken based on risk encountered?
within a specified time limit.
Should corrective actions be required within a
• Customer complaints and communication from external parties is a
specified time limit?
requirement of existing MSS.

CHECK Requirement Topic: NONCOMFORMING, CORRECTIVE ACTION, PREVENTIVE ACTION
• Responsibility for addressing nonconforming is a requirement of the Quality,

Swedish, and Dutch standards. Should preventive actions be combined with
• Ensuring control of the nonconforming materials and appropriate handling is a corrective action in the standard?
requirement of the quality MSS standard.
• Mitigation (an environmental term relative to clean up actions) is included in Should corrective and preventive action
the US, Korean, PAS, and Environmental standards. results be reported at management review?
• The connection to management review for corrective and preventive action is
not clearly agreed to in the requirements, but in most cases it is an input to
management review – this appears to be a disconnection.
• Does the note on organization deciding when nonconformity requires action
conflict with the intent that internal audit findings must have a corrective
action response? HOME

ACT REQUIREMENTS
Management
Review
Requirement Topic: MANAGEMENT REVIEW

Level of Agreement: High
The standards agree on the requirements for management review. There Should performance indicators be a required
were several minor differences identified in the red hat section but there part of management review?
were no significant differences noted.
Should allocation of resources be a required
• The US, Swedish, and Korean standards require that the necessary output from management review?
information for the management review be collected and presented. The US
standard assigns the responsibility for this to the energy coordinator Should inputs to management review include
(management representative). evaluation of the degree of accomplishment of
• The Korean standard adds a requirement to carry out corrective and energy performance for each department or
preventive actions based on the management review. process?
• Five standards state a requirement that the review consider the need for
changes to the management system including changes in the policy,
objectives and targets.
• The US and Korean standards have a requirement to include changes to key
performance indicators as an input to management review.

Requirement Topic: MANAGEMENT REVIEW
Level of Agreement: High
• The Korean standard includes two additional inputs one for evaluation of the
degree of accomplishment of energy performance for each department or
process and other matters that relate to the MSE.
• It is interesting to note that only three of the standards (China, CEN, and
Irish) that include requirements on legal requirements include compliance
audits or legal information as inputs into management review.
• The inclusion of energy aspects in the inputs for management review is
addressed currently by two standards (CEN and Irish) but is not included by
the other standards that use energy aspects.
• The inclusion of the requirement that communication with external parties,
including any complaints be included in the input to management review.
• The US and Korean standards include a requirement for the outputs to
address any changes to key performance indicators.
• The US, Quality, Chinese, Korean and PAS 99 standards include the
requirement that outputs should include allocation of resources.
• The inclusion of the requirement that outputs should include improvements
related to interested party requirements or improvement of the product is
included in the quality and environmental standards. HOME

5.0 MAJOR FINDINGS
As expected, most of the elements that focus on management system best practices (i.e. Policy,
internal audits, corrective and preventive action, management review, document control,
training, communication, etc.) show a high degree of similarity and agreement. However, among
the more technical elements of the standards, there are significant differences that will require
considerable effort to achieve harmonization. Illustrating these differences on a very basic level
is the definition of energy and energy performance which varies widely between the
standards. Other terms and definitions will also require considerable effort to achieve
harmonization.
The requirements/elements that have the lowest level of agreement are in the “PLAN” and “DO”
phases of the continual improvement cycle. These elements, which present the greatest hurdles
to harmonization, are generally technical aspects of energy management, such as purchasing,
design, and use of energy data and information in planning. Specifically, those elements that
showed the lowest level of agreement are:
• Management commitment
• Energy data management / energy profile / energy aspects
• Purchasing
• Design
• Energy project implementation
• Contingency Planning
Management commitment
For those standards that are a derivative of ISO 14001 (many of the European standards), the
commitment of the organization’s management is limited and covered under the section on roles,
responsibilities and authorities. For those standard’s that utilize ISO 9001 as a basis,
management commitment is called out in a separate element in order to provide emphasis on the
role of top management. Only four standards (US, Quality, China, Korea) have this separate
element. All the standards, however, agree that top management commitment is needed to
support the energy management system.
Strategic planning
Only two standards (US, Korea) included this topic as a requirement. In these standards, energy
considerations are elevated to the level of an organization’s strategic planning activity. The
strategic plan has limited connections to other parts of the standard. This requirement represents
a creative opportunity within the international MSS to improve connectivity with the strategic
decision making process.

Energy data management / energy profile / energy aspects
All of the standards (except quality) require the development of energy information to help with
the planning process. Seven of the standards include a requirement for a procedure to develop
energy data information (US, Environmental, Chinese, CEN, Irish, Danish, Dutch and PAS 99),
however the method to be used is not specified. The US standard uses the term “profile” to
label this energy data document. The Korean standard addresses a more limited version referred
to as “consumption and other data”. The CEN draft and other standards patterned after ISO
14001 require that “energy aspects” of an organization’s operations be documented. However,
only the PAS standard defines aspect as “characteristic of an activity, product, or service that has
or can have an impact”. These approaches lead to some interesting differences in how the
standards manage energy information, how it affects the planning process and leads to
improvement in energy performance.
The US approach, the “energy profile”, is data driven. The components of the profile are very
specific and include regular utility tracking, an energy baseline, significant energy uses and key
performance indicators (KPI). The use of normalized KPIs provides a means to compare results
across time, addressing seasonal variations and typical production swings. The results of regular
energy assessments which highlight opportunities for energy efficiency improvements are also
part of the energy profile. This information is used to develop goals, targets, and project plans.
Implemented projects then lead to continual improvement in energy performance which is
measured by changes to the key performance indicators and to the energy baseline, all of which
are developed from the profile data. China calls for evaluation of performance based on
industrial energy use benchmarks whereas Korea calls for a comparison to the key performance
indicators or “consumption efficiency” which are both associated with the targets. The use of
normalized metrics, KPI, to manage the system, not just the current projects, is unique to the US
standard.
The “energy aspects” approach gives an organization flexibility in developing its energy
information document. A review process is established that looks at energy use data, projected
energy use and other parameters, along with opportunities for energy conservation. This review
feeds the identification of “energy aspects” and significant energy uses. Opportunities for
improvement are identified. A program plan is then developed with goals and objectives to
achieve greater energy efficiency. The program is the means to improve organizational energy
performance.
The energy profile and energy aspects approaches have a couple of significant differences. The
energy profile is a dynamic data approach that requires at least monthly updates to the profile.
The energy aspects approach looks at reviews of current energy use and projected energy use
over longer periods of time. The energy profile also includes energy performance measurement
based on changes to key performance indicators and the energy baseline. The energy aspect
approach demonstrates performance improvement through meeting goals and objectives.
Finally, the US uses the concept of energy projects to achieve energy conservation improvements
while the energy aspects approach uses the programs to control significant energy uses and
deploy energy conservation activities.

Purchasing
Most of the standards address a requirement for purchasing of products and equipment that are
energy efficient. Only China and the US use this element to also address the purchase of energy
resources. Only the US standard includes developing supply purchasing requirements to be used
for proposals and evaluation of bids and contracts. This is because the US supply marketplace is
very complex and many organizations have multiple energy suppliers with varying rates and
tariffs. In response, the US standard is designed to help organizations control energy costs as
well as manage energy use. This dual focus promotes organizational communication that
facilitates optimization of energy management, which is particularly important when
organizations face multiple supply options.
Design
Although the concept of design is present in eight of the standards at some level, it is primarily
considered to be a part of operational control and not called out as a separate element. In these
instances, the design process for an organization requires energy efficiency considerations to be
included. Two of the standards (US, Danish) limit the scope of design to new facilities and
major upgrades, with the Danish specifically calling out renovations and the US calling out
significant energy uses. The scope for applying energy efficient design varies significantly
among the standards.
Energy project implementation

This topic is not widely addressed in the standards compared. Where it is included, it provides
the “DO” connection within the standards that address energy projects. It also provides a
mechanism for the implementing organizations to modify project plans in order to maximize the
potential of continual improvement.
Contingency planning was only included in one standard, PAS 99:2006, and presents an
opportunity to address connections to emergency issues that organizations may face.

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SUMMARY COMPARISON

UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL UNITED STATES

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008

This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008

1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................ 2

2.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 4

4.0 COMPARISON TABLES ......................................................................................... 7

5.0 MAJOR FINDINGS .............................................................................................. 40

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 1

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 2

How to use this document

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 3

1. U.S. Standard MSE 2000:200X draft dated 3-18-2008

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 4

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 5

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 6

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 7

Requirement Topic: SCOPE

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 8

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 9

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 10

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 11

Denmark considers an aspect significant if it can impact a large portion of energy

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 12

Requirement Topic: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 13

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 14

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 15

PLAN Requirement Topic: MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT

HOME Should the requirements of the standard define the

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 16

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 17

PLAN Requirement Topic: RESPONSIBILITY AND AUTHORITY

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 18

PLAN Requirement Topic: STRATEGIC PLANNING

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 19

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 20

PLAN Requirement Topic: LEGAL AND OTHER

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 21

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 22

DO Requirement Topic: PURCHASING

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 23

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 24

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 25

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 26

DO Requirement Topic: COMPETENCY, TRAINING AND AWARENESS

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 27

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 28

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 29

DO Requirement Topic: ENERGY PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

HOME Are there additional connections

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 30

• The organization shall identify what needs to be calibrated is added by the

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 31

What additional connections to other sections of

Comparison, National Energy Management Standards March 2008 32

CHECK Requirement Topic: MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT