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    Complex Numbers Cheat Sheet

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    ganeshykr
    1) A complex number Z can be defined as an ordered pair (x,y) of real numbers, written as Z = x + iy, where x is the real part and y is the imaginary part. 2) There are two common forms to represent a complex number - algebraic form Z = x + iy and polar form Z = r(cosθ + i sinθ), where r is the modulus and θ is the amplitude. 3) For a function f(Z) of a complex variable to be analytic, it must satisfy the Cauchy-Riemann equations, which ensure the function is differentiable at every point in some neighborhood. If a function is analytic everywhere in the complex plane

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    Complex Numbers Cheat Sheet

    Uploaded by

    ganeshykr
    7K views2 pages
    1) A complex number Z can be defined as an ordered pair (x,y) of real numbers, written as Z = x + iy, where x is the real part and y is the imaginary part. 2) There are two common forms to represent a complex number - algebraic form Z = x + iy and polar form Z = r(cosθ + i sinθ), where r is the modulus and θ is the amplitude. 3) For a function f(Z) of a complex variable to be analytic, it must satisfy the Cauchy-Riemann equations, which ensure the function is differentiable at every point in some neighborhood. If a function is analytic everywhere in the complex plane

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    1) A complex number Z can be defined as an ordered pair (x,y) of real numbers, written as Z = x + iy, where x is the real part and y is the imaginary part. 2) There are two common forms to represent a complex number - algebraic form Z = x + iy and polar form Z = r(cosθ + i sinθ), where r is the modulus and θ is the amplitude. 3) For a function f(Z) of a complex variable to be analytic, it must satisfy the Cauchy-Riemann equations, which ensure the function is differentiable at every point in some neighborhood. If a function is analytic everywhere in the complex plane

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    7K views2 pages

    Complex Numbers Cheat Sheet

    Uploaded by

    ganeshykr
    1) A complex number Z can be defined as an ordered pair (x,y) of real numbers, written as Z = x + iy, where x is the real part and y is the imaginary part. 2) There are two common forms to represent a complex number - algebraic form Z = x + iy and polar form Z = r(cosθ + i sinθ), where r is the modulus and θ is the amplitude. 3) For a function f(Z) of a complex variable to be analytic, it must satisfy the Cauchy-Riemann equations, which ensure the function is differentiable at every point in some neighborhood. If a function is analytic everywhere in the complex plane

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    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    COMPLEX NUMBERS

    A complex number Z may be defined as an ordered pair (x,y), where x and y are real numbers…….. Z = x + iy
    x , y  R (Real set) . x is the real part and y is the imaginary part of the complex number.
    Z  x  iy is called the complex conjugate of Z
    Polar form of the complex number:
    Substituting x  r cos  and y  r sin   Z  r (cos   i sin  )  rei
    1  y 
    Thus Z  rei is the polar form of the complex number where r  x 2  y 2 and   tan  
     x
    r is called modulus and θ is called amplitude of the complex. A particular value of θ which satisfies the equation
     y
    tan     and which lies between –π and π is called the principle value of the amplitude.
     x
    Properties of Moduli and Amplitude of complex numbers:

    |Z1 ± Z2| ≤ |Z1| + |Z2|

    |Z1 ± Z2| ≥ |Z1| – |Z2|

    |Z1∙Z2∙Z3……….. Zn| = |Z1|∙|Z2|∙|Z3|………..|Zn|

    Z1 Z
     1
    Z2 Z2

    Z1 = r1eiθ, Z2 = r2eiα………Then |Z1∙Z2| = r1∙r2∙ei(θ + α)

    Z1 r1 i (  )
     e
    Z 2 r2


    If amplitude is  Complex no. purely imaginary
    2
    If amplitude is 0 or   Complex no. purely real

    Analytical functions:
     A complex valued function f(Z) is said to be analytic at a point Z0 if f(Z) is differential not only at Z0 but
    at every point of some neighborhood of Z0.
    '
     A complex valued function f(Z) is said to be analytic in a region R, if f ( Z ) exists at every point of the
    region R.
    NOTE: An analytic function is also known as regular, holomorphic, monogenic function.
    Entire Function: A function f(Z) which is analytic everywhere in the complex plane (argand plane) is called an
    entire function.
    Cauchy–Riemann (C–R) Equations: The cauchy–Riemann equations are applied to determine whether the given
    complex valued function f(Z) = u + iv is analytic or not.
    du dv du dv
    1. C.R. equation are given by  and  (or) ux = vy and uy = – vx
    dx dy dy dx
    du 1 dv
    2. If f(Z) is defined in polar form then the C.R. equations in polar form are given by  and
    dr r d
    dv 1 du
     (or) vθ = r∙ur and uθ = –r∙vr
    dr r d
    3. Harmonic and conjugate harmonic functions: Any function ф(x,y) satisfying the Laplace equation
    d 2 d 2
     2  0 i.e.   0 is called a harmonic function.
    dx 2 dy 2
    Theorem: If f(Z) = u + iv is an analytic function. Then the real and imaginary parts u and v satisfy Laplace
    equation. (i.e. u and v are harmonic).
    d 2 u d 2u d 2v d 2v
    Thus,   0 and  0
    dx 2 dy 2 dx 2 dy 2
    NOTE: The polar form of laplace equations are given by r2urr + rur + uθθ = 0 and r2vrr + rvr + vθθ = 0.
    Properties of Analytic Function:
    f (Z )
    1. If f(Z) and g(Z) are analytic, then f ( Z )  g ( Z ) , f ( Z ) g ( Z ) and are also analytic provided g(Z) ≠ 0.
    g (Z )
    2. If f(Z) is analytic, then it is continuous i.e., (Analyticity  Differentiability  Continuity)
    3. The derivative of an analytic function is also analytic.
    4. If f(Z) = u + iv is analytic, then the family of curves u(x,y) = C1 and v(x,y) = C2 form an orthogonal system
    i.e., u(x,y) = C1 are orthogonal trajectories of v(x,y) = C2 and vice versa.
    5. The real part u(x,y) of an analytic function f(Z) = u(x,y) + iv(x,y) is known as the conjugate harmonic
    function and is uniquely determined upto an arbitrary real additive constant.
    NOTE: The harmonic conjugate here is not to be confused with the conjugate Z  x  iy .

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