1.

INTRODUCTION

A circuit that allows total control over your equipments without having to move around is a revolutionary concept. Total control over the speed of the fan is a boon to many. This product brings to you this very concept. Remote control facilitates the operation of fan regulators around the home or office from a distance. It provides a system that is simple to understand and also to operate, a system that would be cheap and affordable, a reliable and easy to maintain system of remote control and durable system irrespective of usage. It adds more comfort to everyday living by removing the inconvenience of having to move around to operate a fan regulator. The system seeks to develop a system that is cost effective while not undermining the need for efficient working. The first remote control, called lazy bones was developed in 1950 by Zenith Electronics Corporation (then known as Zenith Radio Corporation). The device was developed quickly, and it was called Zenith space command, the remote went into production in the fall of 1956, becoming the first practical wireless remote control device. Today, remote control is a standard on electronic products, including VCRs, cable and satellite boxes, digital video disc players and home audio players. In the year 2000, more than 99 percent of all TV set and 100 percent of all VCR and DVD players sold are equipped with remote controls. The average individual these days probably picks up a remote control at least once or twice a day. Basically, a remote control works in the following manner. A button is pressed. This completes a specific connection which produces a Morse code line signal specific to that button. The transistor amplifies the signal and sends it to the LED which translates the signal into infrared light. The sensor on the appliance detects the infrared light and reacts appropriately. The remote controls function is to wait for the user to press a key and then translate that into infrared light signals that are received by the receiving appliance. The carrier frequency of such infrared signals is typically around 36 kHz.
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The aim of this work is to design and construct a remote control for a fan regulator. The remote control device sends an infra-red beam, which is received by the infra-red sensor on the regulator and the speed of the fan is increased. One of the primary objectives of an engineer is to endeavor to deliver the best product or the most efficient services at the lowest cost to the end user. The system was found to meet the expected results.

2. BLOCK DIAGRAM

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3. BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

3.1 Infrared Receiver Module

Picture - 1 Infrared receiver module is used for receiving the signals transmitted by the remote control. Here, TSOP 1738 is used as infrared receiver Module. It is capable of receiving signals up to 38 KHz.

3.2 Monostable Multivibrator

Picture - 2
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A multivibrator is an electronic circuit used to implement a variety of simple two-state systems such as oscillators, timers and flip-flops. A monostable multivibrator, as its name indicates, has a stable state and a quasi-stable state. An external trigger must be applied to change from the stable state to the quasi-stable state. Here, two NE 555 ICs are wired as monostable multivibrators. The trigger to the first multivibrator is the signals from the infrared receiver module. This multivibrator is used to delay the clock pulse of the decade counter. The second multivibrator is triggered by the opto coupler.

3.3 Decade Counter

Picture - 3 In digital logic and computing, a counter is a device which stores (and sometimes displays) the number of times a particular event or process has occurred, often in relationship to a clock signal. Decade counter is a counter that counts through 10 states. It is also known as a mod-10 counter.

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Here, CD 4017 is used as decade counter. Here actually ten outputs are there from which five are used (Q0 to Q4), Q5 is not used and Q6 is used to reset. The output of monostable multivibrator (IC1) is used to delay the clock pulse of the decade counter.

3.4 Transformer

Picture - 4 A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors - the transformer's coils or "windings". Transformer is used here to step down the supply voltage to a level suitable for the low voltage components. The transformer used here is a 230 / (12V-0-12V) step down transformer.

3.5 Regulator Section

Picture - 5

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A voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level. IC 7809 is used here. It is a 9V regulator. It regulates the rectified 12V to 9V. This 9V is supplied to the whole circuit.

3.6 Opto Coupler

Picture - 6 An Opto coupler is used to transmit either analog or digital information from one voltage potential to another while maintaining isolation of potentials. It is used for low voltages. MCT2E is the opto coupler used here. MCT2E is NPN silicon planar phototransistor optically coupled to a gallium arsenide infrared emitting diode. It is used to trigger the mono-stable multivibrator (IC3).

3.7 Opto Isolator

Picture - 7
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An Opto isolator is used to transmit either analog or digital information from one voltage potential to another while maintaining isolation of the potentials. Its operating voltage is higher than that of an Opto coupler. Here, MOC3021 is used as opto isolator. It is used to drive the Triac BT136.

3.8 Triac BT 136

Picture - 8 A TRIAC or Triode for Alternating Current is an electronic component approximately equivalent to two silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCRs/Thyristors) joined in inverse parallel (paralleled but with the polarity reversed) and with their gates connected together. The formal name for a TRIAC is bidirectional triode thyristor. This results in a bidirectional electronic switch which can conduct current in either direction when it is triggered (turned on) and thus doesn't have any polarity. It can be triggered by either a positive or a negative voltage being applied to its gate electrode (with respect to A1, otherwise known as MT1). Once triggered, the device continues to conduct until the current through it drops below a certain threshold value, the holding current, such as at the end of a half-cycle of alternating current (AC) mains power. In addition, applying a trigger pulse at a controllable point in an AC cycle allows one to control the percentage of current that flows through the TRIAC to the load (phase control). The triac used here is BT136. It is thyristor with a firing angle nearly 45o. A snubber circuit consisting of a resistor and capacitor is used to control the firing angle of Triac. This firing angle determines the speed of the fan.

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4. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Picture - 9

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4.1 WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT

The 230 V from AC mains is stepped down to 12V and Regulated by IC7809, capacitor and Diodes to 9V. This filtered 9V is used for providing supply to the entire circuit. Any button of remote control can be used to control the speed of the fan. The remote control produces infrared rays which is received by the TSOP infrared receives module. The TSOP used here is TSOP 1738. It is capable for receiving signals up to 38 KHZ. The infrared rays are received by the TSOP sensor and its output is given as a trigger to the first monostable multivibrator NE 555 through a LED and Resistor R4. This NE555 which is wired as Monostable multivibrator is used to delay the clock to decade counter CD 4017. We can directly give the output of TSOP to decade counter, but while doing so all the small pulse or noises may also act as clock to counter and counter starts counting. The decade counter has ten outputs from Q0 to Q9. But here we are using only Q0 to Q4. Q5 is not used and Q6 is used to reset the counter. The output of decade counter is taken through Resistors R5 to R9. The resistor R5 to R9 and capacitor C5 controls the pulse width which is actually determining the speed of the fan. If the Q0 output is high the capacitor C5 is charged through R5, if Q1 is high capacitor C5 is charged through R6 and so on, thereby controlling the speed of the fan accordingly. Here we are controlling the speed of the fan in five levels that is why we are taking five outputs (A0 to Q4). Another NE 555 is used here which is also wired as monostable multivibrator. This monostable multivibrator is triggered by pulses from opto coupler MCT2E. It is wired as Zero crossing detector. The output from decade counter is given to NE555 and this is given to the transistor BC548. It is given to the Opto isolator MOC 3021. It is used for driving the Triac BT136. Triac is a type of thyristor. Here the resistor R13 (470hm) and capacitor C7 (0.01F) combination is used as snubber network for the Triac. The Resistors R5 to R9 and capacitor C5 are used to control the pulse width. When Q0 output is high the pulse width is maximum, when Q1 output is high pulse width is decreased slightly. As
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the pulse width decreases firing angle of the triac increases and speed of the fan also increases. By using remote control we are actually controlling pulse width, which in turn varies the firing angle of triac, and there by varying the speed of the fan.

4.2 COMPONENT LIST

COMPONENT IR Receiver Module IC Opto Coupler Opto Isolator Voltage Regulator Decade Counter Transformer Light Emitting Diode Diodes Transistor

RATING TSOP 1738 NE555 IC MCT2E IC MOC 3021 IC 7809 IC CD4017 230/(12V -0-12V)

IN4148, IN 4007 BC548

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TRIAC

BT136 1K,100K,330,47K,33K,27K,20K,12K, 3.3K,470 ,5.6 K,10 K,47 0.01F/400V,4.7F/16V,10F/16V,

Resistors

Capacitors Zener Diode

1 F /16V, 0.22F, 470 /50V 5.1V

5. PCB FABRICATION
Printed Circuit Boards play a vital role here in determining the overall performance of the electronic equipment. A good PCB design ensures that the noise introduced as a result of component placement and track layout is held within limits while still providing components years of assembly maintenance and performance reliability.

WHERE AND WHY ARE PCBS USED? Printed circuits boards are used to route electric signals through copper track which are firmly bonded to an insulating base. Advantages of PCB over common wiring are: 1. PCBs are necessary for connecting a large number of electronic components in a very small area with minimum parasitic effects. 2. PCBs are simulated with mass production with less chance of writing error. 3. Small components are easily mounted. 4. Servicing in simplified.

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5.1 PCB LAYOUT

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5.2 COMPONENT VIEW

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6. APPLICATIONS

Remote controlled Fan Regulator is used to control the speed of fan from our bed or couch. The same circuit finds its use to control the Intensity of light at various levels. This circuit also finds it use for switching ON and OFF any electronic circuit.

7. ADVANTAGES

This circuit is simple to use and efficient. It can be assembled with ease. It is cheap and hence very economic.

It is small in size.

8. CONCLUSION

With the knowledge of new techniques in Electrical & Electronics we are able to make our life more comfortable. One such application of electronics is used in REMOTE CONTROLLED SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR. The same circuit finds its use in many more applications. By this the intensity of light can be controlled using a remote. The intensity of light can be controlled in five levels from off position to maximum intensity possible. So it finds use as a night lamp by keeping the intensity of lamp in low level.

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The circuit also finds its use for switching ON and OFF any electronic circuitry. Our normal T.V remote can be used for all these purposes. So it is very useful or a real help to old age and sick people, since they can control the speed from the place where they are sitting. We feel that our product serves something good to this world and we like to present it before this prosperous world.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

www.electronicsforyou.com www.howstuffworks.com www.wikipedia.org Electronics for You Magazine

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