3G Network Synchronisation
3G Network Synchronisation
3G Network Synchronisation
Introduction
The third-generation mobile radio networks (so called 3G) and Wireless Local Loop transmissions will provide a multitude of new services, especially multimedia and high-bit-rate packet data. Emerging requirements for higher rate data services and better spectrum efficiency are the main drivers identified for the design of the air interface. The CDMA concept (Code Division Multiple Access) is a very powerful technique which is today selected as the mainstream air interface solution being standardized worldwide by international bodies.
What is CDMA?
The CDMA is a way to share one transmission frequency among many users. In CDMA each user is assigned a unique code sequence it uses to encode its information-bearing signal. The receiver, knowing the code sequences of the user, decodes a received signal after reception and recovers the original data. This is possible since the cross correlations between the code of the desired user and the codes of the other users are small. Since the bandwidth of the code signal is chosen to be much larger than the bandwidth of the information-bearing signal, the encoding process enlarges (spreads) the spectrum of the signal and is therefore also known as spread-spectrum modulation.
Glossary
BS: Base Station FDD: Frequency Division Duplexing IMT-2000: International Mobiel Telecomunication, 3G wireless standard of international Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) TDD: Time Division Duplexing: well suited to unsymmetrical traffic with higher data rate and reduced mobility (Internet download) TD-SCDMA: Time Division - Synchronous CDMA UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunication System UTRA: Universal Terrestrial Radio Access, 3G air interface of UMTS WLL: Wireless Local Loop
1.
Network asynchronous. In network asynchronous schemes the base stations are not synchronized. The main implementation of this technique is often called UMTS or WCDMA and emerges as the preferred 3G air interface in European Union. In fact as shown in the Table below, the correct designation should be WCDMAFDD since other UMTS solutions exist based on TDD modes requiring synchronizing.
2.
Synchronous No
3G usual designation UMTS/WCDMA FDD (UTRA-FDD) UMTS/WCDMA TDD (UTRA - TDD high chip rate) UMTS/TD-SCDMA (UTRA-TDD low chip rate) CDMA2000
Where are the main licenses? Europe & Asia Pacific Europe
Yes
TDD
China
CDMA-One/ IS-95
FDD/TDD
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