Job #5 To Layout The Vertical Curve by Using Tangent Correction Method. Apparatus
Job #5 To Layout The Vertical Curve by Using Tangent Correction Method. Apparatus
Job #5 To Layout The Vertical Curve by Using Tangent Correction Method. Apparatus
Apparatus:
Theodolite or Total Station, Ranging Rods, Fiber Glass tape, Hammer, Tripod Stand, auto level, levelling staff
Related Theory:
When two different gradients meet at a point along a road surface, they form a sharp point at the apex. Unless this apex point is rounded off to form a smooth curve, no vehicle can move along that portion of road. So, for the smooth and safe running of vehicles, the meeting point of surface is rounded off to form a smooth curve in a vertical plane. This curve is known as vertical curve. Generally, the parabolic curves are preferred as it is easy to work out the minimum sight distance in their case, and the minimum sight distance is important factor while calculating the length of the vertical curve.
Gradient
The gradient is expressed in two ways: a) As a percentage e.g 1%, 5% etc. b) As 1 in n, where n is the horizontal distance and I represents the vertical distance, e.g 1 in 100, 1 in 200 etc. Again the gradient may be rise or fall. An up gradient is known as rise and is denoted by a positive sign. A down gradient is known as fall and is indicated by a negative sign.
P1 X1 +g% P
-g% A1
O x
Let x be the horizontal distance of point p from origin. X 1 is the sloping distance along the gradient of point P1. Here x is taken to be approximately equal to x1. The equation of the curve is y = Cx Where, C = constant = = half length of vertical curve. g1 and g2 grade in percentage. yx = Important Points 1. The length of vertical curve is assumed equal to length of two tangents. BT1+ BT2 = T1B1 + B1T2 = 2, =half length of vertical curve B x
2 2
-g% B1 +g%
T1
B2
T2
2. The curve is assumed equally long on either side of the apex point. BT1= BT2 = so, T1B1 = B1T2 =
3. The length of vertical curve is given by formula: L= 4. Chainage of T1 = Chainage of B BT1 5. Chainage of T2 = Chainage of B + BT2 6. RL of T1 = RL of B 7. RL of T2 = RL of B 8. RL of B2 = ( RL of T1+ RL of T2) 9. RL of B1 = ( RL of B + RL of B2) 10. The tangent correction at distance x, yx = x
2
11. The tangent correction is deduced from the RL of a point on the grade to get corresponding point on the curve.
2%
A 63.92m a) Length of vertical curve = 127.84 m So length on either side of IP is 63.92 m. b) Chainages: B = 2325.0 m A = 2325 63.92 = 2261.08 m C = 2325 + 63.92 = 2388.92 m c) Levels: B = 215.07 m A = 215.07 63.92 C = 215.07 63.92 = 213.15 m = 213.79 m 63.92m
d) Grade RL (z) Rise per 20 m = Fall per 20 m = (+ve) (-ve) (fall from point B)
Curve level = grade level tangent correction Table for setting out: pt A P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 C Chainage 2261.08 2280 2300 2320 2340 2360 2380 2388.12 X (m) 0 18.92 38.92 58.92 78.92 98.92 118.92 127.84 Level on tangent (z) 213.15 213.72 214.32 214.92 215.52 216.12 216.72 216.98 Tangent correction (y) 0 0.07 0.29 0.68 1.22 1.91 2.76 3.19 Curve level = z-y =b 213.15 213.65 214.03 214.24 214.30 214.21 213.96 213.79 NSL (a) Mark on pole (b-a)
pt A P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 C
BS
IS
FS
HOI
RL
Procedure:
1. The theodolite is centered and leveled at point T 1. 2. Using theodolite locate point T 2. (Main chord length is to be set by ranging) 3. Fix the poles at intermediate points. 4. Perform leveling to find NSL. 5. Mark the point on pole by using the difference in NSL and curve level.
Comments: