03 1 Weynand Moment Resistant Joints
03 1 Weynand Moment Resistant Joints
03 1 Weynand Moment Resistant Joints
International Seminar
Norwegian Structural Steel Association
Oslo 20 April 2005
A C A A D D D A C
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Joints in Frames
Design of Joints Old subject of discussion Separate design for members and joints Intensive research activities for more than 20 years Objective:
JOINTS
MEMBERS
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Mb.Rd
Mj,Rd
joint
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M Mj,Rd Sj
cd
15
? ?
Classification
1 2 3
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Idealisation
M
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18
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Characterisation Experimental
Joint properties for one joints only Time / money consuming Databases
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M
M ( ) = a + b 2 + c 3 M ( ) = a ln b
??
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EN 1994
Composite joints
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Characterisation
bolts tension zone Ft1,Rd
shear panel
Ft2,Rd h2 h1 M
compression zone
end plate
welded connection
bolted connection
Component method
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Component Method
Step 1: Identification of components
column web in shear column web in compression column web in tension
F F1,Rd E k1
F F2,Rd E k2
F F3,Rd E k3
M Mj,Rd Sj,ini cd
( )
Assembly
Also different levels of complexity
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Column bases
Normal forces and bending moments
Concrete in compression
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Component Properties
Ft /4
Ft /4
Ft /4 Ft /4
Ft
T-stub
m e
l eff
Resistance Stiffness
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T-Stub Resistance
3 failure modes of T-stub
T-Stub Stiffness
F
Separation of T-stub
Q
2B
n m m
2B
n
Q Actual behaviour F
F 0,63F
A A
0,63F
0,13F
m 1,25m
m 1,25m
Deformation of T-Stub
T-Stub Stiffness
T-stub in bending
F 2
A 1,25 m
0,3235 Fm
Fi = k i E i
'1'
0,1765 Fm
m
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Assembly of Components Based on the internal distribution of forces Respecting the following criteria
Equilibrium of internal and external forces Respect criterion of plasticity Respect criterion of maximum deformation Compatibility of displacements between components
thorme statique
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Assembly of Components
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FRd
M j, Rd = FRd .z
elastic distribution = plastic distribution
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M j,Rd
FRd = h1
Fc
h i2
h2 hi
M
FRd,i hi
M j,Rd = FRd,i h i
i
M j,Rd =
i =1, k
FRd,i h i +
FRd,k hk
j= k +1, n
h2 j
S j,ini =
Mj
= ...
S j,ini
Mj = Fz
Fi = k i E i
1 + 2 + 3 z
E z2 = 1 k i
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Assembly of Components
Joint stiffness
two or more bolt rows
k 3,1 k4 ,1 k5,1 k10,1
h1 h 2
k1 k2
a)
keff,1 k eff,2 k1 k2
keq
M
k1 k 2
b)
c)
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Stiffness Model
cd
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Worked Example
Beam-to-column joint with flush end plate
4 M16 8.8 w= 30 80 30 p=60 120 60 15
+ +
140
+ +
u=10 240 10
V M
3 IPE220 HEB140 5
Coefficients
Column
hwc = hc 2t fc 2rc = 140 2 12 2 12 = 92mm
w t fc 2
0,8 rc =
80 7 0,8 12 = 26,9mm 2
bc w 140 80 = = 30mm 2 2
mpl , fc = 0,25
t 2 f yc fc
M0
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Coefficients
Beam
4 M16 8.8 w= 30 80 30 p=60 120 60 15
+ +
140
+ 10
Lever arm:
Wpl , yb f yb
M0
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Coefficients
End plate mp2 mp
mpl , p = 0,25
2 t p f yp
M0
Coefficients
End plate
Coefficients for the determination of the effective length
1 =
mp mp + e p mp 2 mp + e p
2 =
= 5,14
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Coefficients
Bolts
0,9 800 157 103 = = 90,4 kN 1,25 0,6 f ub As 0,6 800 157 103 = = 60,3kN 125 .
Ft , Rd =
0,9 f ub As
Mb
Mb
Lb = t fc + t p + 0,5(hbolt
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Components
1. Column web in shear
Resistance
Vwc , Rd =
F Vwp Vwp F M z
Transformation parameter
Annahme: = 1
k1 =
Components
2. Column web in compression
Resistance
= min 9,2 + 2 5
2 + 2t p + 5 t fc + s ; t fb + a f
2 + t p + u + 5 t fc + s
)]
Reduction factors to consider normal stresses and buckling in the column web panel:
p = 0,932
beff ,c , wc d c f y ,wc E t 2 wc
= 0,932
= 1,0
= 1=
= 0,713
Components
2. Column web in compression
Stiffness
k2 =
Fi = ki E
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Components
2. Column web in tension
Resistance
beff ,t ,wc = min 2 m ; 4m + 1,25e = min (2 26,9 ; 4 26,9 + 1,25 30) = 145,10mm
1 =
= 0,749
k3 =
Components
4. Column flange in bending 5. End plate in bending
Equivalent T-Stub
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Components
Equivalent T-Stub
Ft Ft /4 Ft /4
Ft /4 Ft /4
m l eff
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Components
4. Column flange in bending
Resistance
) ]
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Components
4. Column flange in bending
Mode 1 Flange yielding
Ffc , Rd ,t 1 =
4leff ,t , fc k fc mpl , fc m
Components
4. Column flange in bending
Resistance
k4 =
0,85 leff , fc ,t t 3 fc m3
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Components
5. End plate in bending
Resistance
Fep , Rd ,1 =
4leff ,t , p mpl , p mp
Fep , Rd ,2 =
2 leff , p ,t mpl , p + 2 Bt , Rd n p mp + n p
Components
5. End plate in bending
Stiffness
k5 =
3 0,85 leff ,t , p t p
m3 p
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Components
7. Beam flange and web in compression
Resistance
FRd ,7 = M c , Rd / hb t fb
Stiffness
k7 =
64
Components
8. Bean web in tension
Resistance
k8 =
65
Components
10. Bolts in tension
Resistance
T-stub mode 3 for components: Column flange in bending and End plate in bending
Stiffness
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Step 3 - Assembly
Design moment resistance
Relevant component:
M j,Rd
M j ,el , Rd =
2 M j , Rd = 14,84 kNm 3
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Step 3 - Assembly
Stiffness
Initial stiffness:
S j,ini
S j ,ini = E h 2 / 1 ki =
i
210000 165,4 2 106 = = 6413kNm / rad 1 1 1 1 1 1 + + + + + 3,044 8,589 6,525 7,728 10,95 13,01
Idealised stiffness :
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Joints Properties
Design moment-rotations curve
M
Sj,ini
M j,Rd
2/3Mj,Rd
Sj
S j = S j,ini /
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Standardisation
EN 1993 part 1.8 Design of joints
Future research:
Fire resistance Fatigue resistance, earth quake resistance
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Further Applications
Haunches without flanges
intermediate stiffeners
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Further Applications
Additional stiffeners in extended end plates
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