sm8 117
sm8 117
sm8 117
Inlet temperature of water flowing through the channels, copper block temperature, pressure difference from inlet to outlet of the channels. FIND: (a) Mass flow rate and outlet temperature in each channel, (b) Average flow rate through
each channel and average, mixed temperature of water collected from all three channels, (c) Comparison between average flow rates and average heat transfer rates based upon experiment to that calculated based upon a single microchannel diameter of 50 m.
SCHEMATIC:
Tcu = 310 K Copper block
. m2
. m3
L = 20 mm p = 2.5x106 Pa
D1 = 45 m D2 = 50 m D3 = 55 m
PROPERTIES: Table A.6, water: ( Tm = 305 K): k = 0.620 W/mK, cp = 4178 J/kgK, = 769
10-6 Ns/m2, = 7.728 10-7 m2/s, Pr = 5.2, = 995 kg/m3.
(1)
(2)
<
The thermal entrance length is xfd,t = 0.05ReDPrD = 0.05 845 5.2 50 10-6 m = 11.0 10-3 m = 11.0 mm. From the Hausen correlation,
Nu D = 3.66 + Hence,
h=
0.0668 (50 106 m / 20 103 m) 845 5.2 1 + 0.04 (50 106 m / 20 103 m) 845 5.2
2/3
= 4.27
50 106 m = 310K [310K 300K ] exp 5.29 104 W / m 2 K 2.55 105 kg / s 4178J / kg K = 307.9K = 34.9C = Tm,o
Results for the three different channels are shown in the table below.
D = 45 m (case 1) ReD um (m/s) 690 11.85 1.88 10-5 8.1 4.12 D = 50 m (case 2) 845 13.06 2.55 10-5 11.0 4.27
5.29 104 307.9
< <
& m (kg/s)
xfd,t (mm)
Nu D
& & & & m = (m1 + m 2 + m3 ) / 3 = (1.88 105 + 2.55 105 + 3.36 105 )kg / s / 3 = 2.60 105 kg / s
(c) The average, mixed outlet temperature is
<
& & & & & & Tm,o = (m1Tm,o,1 + m 2 Tm,o,2 + m3Tm,o,3 ) /(m1 + m 2 + m3 ) = (1.88 105 kg / s 308.7K + 2.55 105 kg / s 307.9K + 3.36 105 kg / s 307.1K) (1.88 105 + 2.55 105 + 3.36 105 )kg / s = 307.7K
h=
& mc p
Thus, the inferred value of the mass flow rate is 2% greater than the predicted value for a 50 m diameter channel. The inferred value of the convection coefficient (50,800 W/m2K) is 4% less than the predicted value for a 50 m diameter channel. The experimenter must carefully assess his or her claims since the differences are small and might be attributed to variations in the channel dimensions that occur during their manufacture.
COMMENTS: (1) Experimentation at the microscale is challenging. Misinterpretation of the experimental results might occur unless the experimental system is designed very carefully. For example, the diameters of the channels might need to be measured after their manufacture. (2) When boring holes, the hole diameter is always greater than the diameter of the tool. If the experimentalist assumes that the actual hole size is the same as the tool size, what (inappropriate) conclusions might he or she make regarding possible microscale fluid flow and heat transfer effects when analyzing the measured results?