1) The document describes a process where a 2 mol% NH3-air mixture is scrubbed in a packed tower using water. It provides calculations to determine the packed height for 90% NH3 absorption and the minimum water velocity for 98% absorption.
2) It also compares the mass transfer properties of using 1.5-inch ceramic Berl saddles versus Hiflow rings in the tower, noting how each parameter would change.
3) The document then describes a fixed-bed adsorption process to treat water containing a contaminant using multiple carbon beds, and calculates how often the carbon must be replaced.
1) The document describes a process where a 2 mol% NH3-air mixture is scrubbed in a packed tower using water. It provides calculations to determine the packed height for 90% NH3 absorption and the minimum water velocity for 98% absorption.
2) It also compares the mass transfer properties of using 1.5-inch ceramic Berl saddles versus Hiflow rings in the tower, noting how each parameter would change.
3) The document then describes a fixed-bed adsorption process to treat water containing a contaminant using multiple carbon beds, and calculates how often the carbon must be replaced.
1) The document describes a process where a 2 mol% NH3-air mixture is scrubbed in a packed tower using water. It provides calculations to determine the packed height for 90% NH3 absorption and the minimum water velocity for 98% absorption.
2) It also compares the mass transfer properties of using 1.5-inch ceramic Berl saddles versus Hiflow rings in the tower, noting how each parameter would change.
3) The document then describes a fixed-bed adsorption process to treat water containing a contaminant using multiple carbon beds, and calculates how often the carbon must be replaced.
1) The document describes a process where a 2 mol% NH3-air mixture is scrubbed in a packed tower using water. It provides calculations to determine the packed height for 90% NH3 absorption and the minimum water velocity for 98% absorption.
2) It also compares the mass transfer properties of using 1.5-inch ceramic Berl saddles versus Hiflow rings in the tower, noting how each parameter would change.
3) The document then describes a fixed-bed adsorption process to treat water containing a contaminant using multiple carbon beds, and calculates how often the carbon must be replaced.
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ChE 133 WF LE2 Review
Absorption and Stripping
A 2mol% NH3-in-air mixture at 68 o F and 1 atm is scrubbed with water in a tower packed with 1.5-inch ceramic Berl saddles. The inlet water mass velocity is 2,400 lb/h-ft 2 , and the inlet gas mass velocity is 240 lb/h-ft 2 . The gas solubility follows Henrys law, p=Hx, where p is the partial pressure of ammonia, x is the mole fraction of ammonia in the liquid, and H=2.7atm. a) Calculate the packed height for 90% NH3 absorption. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 3 2 2 2 2 2 , 0.02 0.1 0.002 0.0204 0.002004 240 0.02 17 0.98 29 28.76 8.345 0.98 8.178 2400 133.33 0 molNH in out in mol in out lb V in h ft lbmol lbmol h ft h ft lb lbmol h ft h ft in in out out in out y y y Y Y V MW V V V L L X V Y Y L X X X
| | | | 1 : 2.7 1 2.7 2.7 1 ln 1 2.5723 in OG out EC p atm atm x yP P atm y x m V V y V N m m m L L y L
= = = = = ( | | | | = + = | | ( \ . \ .
For 1.5 ceramic Berl saddle: 2 3 3 61 , 46 , 40 , 65 ft mN lb c p m ft ft a F = = = = [McCabe] For water at 20 o C (68 o F): 3 4 73 , 6.752 10 , 62.312 mN lb lb m ft s ft
= = = [Cengel] For air at 20 o C (68 o F): 3 5 1.2264 10 , 0.07518 lb lb ft s ft
= = [Cengel] For ammonia-water (25 o C), D = 2x10 -5 cm 2 /s [Perry]. For ammonia-air, D = 0.229cm 2 /s [Foust] Using Onda correlations: ( )( )( )( ) 2 3 3 2 4 4 1 exp 1.45 0.874 1.359 1.546 0.249 0.4847 22.296 0.662 385.3 1.14 10 0.919 503.33 4.03 10 1.189 1.12 2.88 w a ft w a ft ft atm lbmol V G G lbmol ft s atm ft L L L OG s OG OG a Sc RT k H ft Sc k H ft H ft Z H N ft
( = = =
= = = = = = = = = =
b) Calculate the minimum water mass velocity in lb/h-ft 2 for absorbing 98% of the NH3. ( ) ( ) 2 2 * * min min 0.02 0.004 / 2.7 0.00704 18.96 341.35 out in out in lbmol lb in out out in h ft h ft y y x y V y y L x x L
= = = = = = =
c) The use of 1.5-inch ceramic Hiflow rings rather than Berl saddles has been suggested. What changes would this cause in KGa, pressure drop, maximum liquid rate, KLa, column height, column diameter, HOG, and NOG? For 1.5 ceramic Hiflow rings: 2 3 61 , 34.1 , 37 ft mN c p m ft a F = = = [Seader] Berl Hiflow Basis Fp > Data P > GPDC D > GPDC Lmax < GPDC (flooding) a > Data kG < Onda KG < Controlling resistance (approx. KG=kG) HOG > Equation for HOG NOG = OL and EC same Z < Z=HOGNOG Lmin = OL and EC same
Fixed-Bed Adsorption Three fixed-bed adsorbers containing 10,000 lb of granules of activated carbon (30 lb/ft 3 ) each are to be used to treat 250 gpm of water containing 4.6 mg/L of 1,2-dichloroethane (D) to reduce the concentration to less than 0.001 mg/L. Each carbon bed has a height equal to twice its diameter. Two beds are to be placed in series so that when Bed 1 (the lead bed) becomes saturated with D at the feed concentration, that bed is removed. Bed 2 (the trailing bed), which is partially saturated at this point, depending upon the width of the MTZ, becomes the lead bed, and previously idle Bed 3 takes the place of Bed 2. While Bed 1 is off-line, its spent carbon is removed and replaced with fresh carbon. The spent carbon is incinerated. The equilibrium adsorption isotherm for D is given by q=8c 0.57 , where q is in mg/g and c is in mg/L. Once the cycle is established, how often must the carbon bed be replaced? What maximum MTZ width allows saturated loading of the lead bed?
( ) min min 0.57 * * 250 3.785 4.6 4.353 8 4.6 19.09 @ : 10, 000 454 86.67 13.83 ads in gal mg g L in gal L mg g g ads AC lb D sat D D q sat D lb q kg t days = = = = = = = =
3 2 3 4 16 3 10000 16 30 / 2 11.93 bed bed bed bed bed m lb bed lb ft Z d V d Z Z V Z Z ft
