LTE and Beyond
LTE and Beyond
LTE and Beyond
Mobile Communication and Mobile Computing Prof. Dr. Alexander Schill http://www.rn.inf.tu-dresden.de
LTE: Characteristics
LTE is the European implementation of IMT (International Mobile Telecommunications) by ETSI (European Telecommunication Standards Institute) high data rates: up to 100 Mbit/s in local area (even up to 300 Mbit/s with advanced antenna technology [MIMO] and Modulation via OFDMA for down link and SC-FDMA for up link) flexible channel bandwidth (1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 or 20 MHz) small latency of 5ms between mobile phone and conventional telephone network optimized for travelling speeds of up to 15 km/h (up to 500km/h possible) up to 200 participants per cell (at 5MHz channel bandwidth) only packet oriented propagation (VoIP) Handover/Roaming also between LTE, UMTS, GSM/GPRS and satellite networks configurable as Single-frequency network (Broadcast and Multicast efficiency like DVB-T/-H)
2
Capability of physical functionalities RF bandwidth Modulation Multi-antenna 2 Rx diversity 2x2 MIMO 4x4 MIMO
Assumed in performance requirements Not supported Mandatory Mandatory
5
20 MHz
QPSK, 16QAM QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
Not supported
862 MHz
* The Duplex gap is meant as a fallback position for wireless production technology.
frequency spectrum of the IMT extension band: Enough blocks for 20 MHz bandwidth > Higher data rate
2500 MHz 5 MHz frequency block 2570 MHz (190 Mhz)
10 x 5 MHz blocks uncoupled
source: www.bundesnetzagentur.de
FDD
UpPTS
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
TDD
two versions of LTE provide solutions for coupled/uncoupled frequency blocks transmitted signals divided into subframes (time units of 1 ms) FDD (Frequency division duplex) -separated frequency blocks for UL/DL TDD (Time division duplex) one frequency block alternately used for UL/DL: - Downlink subframes, Uplink subframes and Special Frames Special Frame = one subframe for each switching from down to up link; contains DwPTS (Downlink Pilot Timeslot), GP (Guard Period avoids overlay of sent and received messages) and UpPTS (Uplink Pilot Timeslot)
WiMAX / IEEE802.16
WiMAX: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, standardized by IEEE 802.16 and WiMAX-Forum (more than 230 members, including AOL, Deutsche Telekom, Intel, Microsoft, Nokia) IEEE 802.16 FBWA (Fixed Broadband Wireless Access) is an alternative for broadband cable services like DSL; frequency range: initially 10-66 GHz, in assumption of LOS (line of sight) Enhancement IEEE 802.16a; frequency band: 2-11 GHz, NLOS (non line of sight) Enhancement IEEE 802.16e for MBWA (Mobile Broadband Wireless Access); frequency band: 2-6 GHz, NLOS
9
802.16
10-66 LOS 32-134 2-5 20, 25 and 28 QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM 2001
802.16a
2-11 NLOS <75 (extensions up to 365) 7-10 max. 50 (cellular) Variable: 1,520 OFDM, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM 2004
802.16e
2-6 NLOS 15 (with further extensions) 2-5 1,5 -20 OFDM, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM 2006
approved
10
11
TDD, FDD
NLOS
TDD, FDD
NLOS
TDD, FDD
NLOS
TDD
NLOS
12
WiMAX: Modulation
WiMAX: strong dependency of effective channel capacity, spectrum efficiency, range, signalnoise-ratio etc. on used modulation method:
BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying 16QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 64QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
OSI-layer
Service-Specific Convergence Sublayer (SSCS) Common Part Sublayer (CPS) Security Sublayer PHYsublayers
15
MAC
16
17
Network
802.16 PHY
Point to Multipoint
18
BS
Mesh MS
Mesh MS
Mesh MS
20
features
variable cell size Handover- and Roaming-mechanism Velocity up to 250 km/h Transport of IP-data traffic QoS on transport layer Licensed bands below 3,5 GHz, variable bandwidth NLOS, for in- and outdoor TDD, FDD, Half-Duplex FDD More than 100 simultaneous sessions per cell End to End Security, AES
21
802.20 (2)
Goals
characteristic
User data rate Downlink User data rate Uplink Data rate Downlink per cell Data rate Uplink per cell Cell size
goal
> 1 MBit/s > 300 KBit/s > 4 MBit/s > 800 KBit/s Correspond. to all modern MANs, with ability to use the existing infrastructure
22
Mobility Handover, Roaming Max Speed 300 km/h Switching type circuit and packet Peak data 2/14,4/28 Mbit/s rates Down (5MHz channel) Link
pico(1)-, micro(2)-, Cell sizes macro(3)-cells End-to-end QoS QoS Different classes
---------------- Handover, Roaming, Mobile IP --120 km/h 365 Mbit/s (2x 20MHz channel, variations) variable End-to-end QoS Different classes ---------------- Packet switching ---------------100 - 300 Mbit/s (1.4-20 MHz channel)
pico(1)-, pico(1)-, micro(2)-, micro(2)-, macro(3)-cells macro(3)-cells End-to-end QoS End-to-end QoS Different classes
Scalability ---------------- variable data rate ~ Multiple users per BS -------------OFDM(A), CDMA adaptive Air Interface adaptive Modulation Modulation MIMO MIMO OFDM Adaptive Modulation AES OFDM, SC-FDMA adaptive Modulation MIMO SNOW 3G
23
Security AES
(1)<100m, (2)~500m, (3)>1km
AES, X.509
4G requirements
high mobility Handover, Roaming, velocity up to 300 km/h switching technique pure packet switching integrated multi-media-services VoIP, TVoIP, VoD, Streaming high data rate (1Gbit/s) even at high mobility should be like DSL Size of cell variable and scalable QoS prioritization of specific data packages scalability available and reliable with many users air interface OFDM (better spectrum efficiency) security up to date standards (e.g. AES) Extension / integration of UMTS and WLAN approaches
24
Technology comparison 3G to 4G
LTE (3G) Peak data rate Down Link (DL) Peak data rate Up Link (UL) Transmission bandwidth DL Transmission bandwidth UL Coverage Scalable bandwidths Scalability Capacity
300 Mbit/s 75 Mbit/s 20 Mhz (max.) 20 Mhz (max.)
Full performance up to 5km 1.4, 3, 5, 10 and 20 MHz variable data rate Multiple users per BS 200 active participants per cell at 5 MHz
25
Mobility
2G
10
100
200
26
Bitrate, MBit/s