Heat And Cool Cost 7-10

Cost and Carbon-Di-Oxide

Heating, cooling, and water heating energy, demand, cost and carbon dioxide calculator for homes, offices, and schools.

Notes
1. The value of Average EER for Air-Source Air-Conditioners and Heat Pumps is used rather than the Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio. SEER is based on an indoor temperature of 80F, an outdoor temperature or 82F, insufficient fan power requirement, and insuf ficient moisture removal capability in most climates. These conditions substantially over-predict cooling efficiency. (See Climatic Impacts on HSPF and SEER for Air-Source Heat Pumps, Fairey, et. al., ASHRAE Transactions, Vol. 110, Part 2, 2004.) 2. The value of Average EER for Ground Source Heat Pumps is used rather than the Ground Loop Heat Pump (GLHP) Energy Efficiency Ratio. GLHP-EER is based on an indoor temperature of 80.6F, a ground loop temperature of 77F, and insufficient fan power requirement. These conditions over-predict cooling efficiency especially in southern climates or when ground loops are poorly installed or under-sized. 3. The capacity and electrical demand of chillers does not include the power use of auxillary equipment and the corresponding heat deduction for distribution of the chilled water and air. This computation includes the power input of the supply fans, chilled water pumps and condenser pumps. It also includes a correction to account for the heat introduced into the system by the supply air handler and chilled water pump. It does not include any penalties if return air fans or fan powered VAV terminals. This can be estimated by adding the total static pressure (TSP) to the supply fan TSP.

TideLoad 10v1
ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004
Eight Zones with condensed CLTD/CLF/SCL tables. Includes traditional sensible load calculations plus new latent loads, heat recovery unit adjustments, and duct loss/gain options. New Worksheet for computing ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004 ventilation air requirements. Excel Program is unlocked so user can add more zones and expand capabilities if adventuresome.

Calculation
The calculation of the cooling and heating loads on a building or zone is the most important step in determining the size and type of cooling and heating equipment required to maintain comfortable indoor air conditions. Building heat and moisture transfer mechanisms are complex and as

unpredictable as the weather and human behavior, both of which strongly influence load calculation results. Some of the factors that influence results are: Conduction/convection of heat through walls, roofs, floors, doors and windows. Radiation through windows and heating effects on wall and roof surface temperatures Thermal properties of buildings (Insulation, glass transmittance, surface absorbtivity) Building thermal mass and corresponding delay of indoor temperature change Construction quality in preventing air, heat, and moisture leakage Heat added/lost with ventilation air needed to maintain air quality (code compliance) Heat generated by lights, people, appliances, and equipment Heat added/lost by air, water, and refrigeration distribution systems Heat generated by air and water distribution equipment Moisture added/lost with ventilation air to maintain air quality and code compliance Moisture movement through building envelope Moisture generated by occupants and equipment Activity level, occupancy patterns, and make- up (male, female, child) of people Acceptable comfort and air quality levels of occupants Weather conditions (temperature, moisture, wind speed, latitude, elevation, solar radiation, etc.)

These many factors combine to force engineers to develop procedures that minimize the load calculation complexity without compromising accuracy. A combination of measured data and detailed simulations have generated techniques that can be done with a pocket calculator and a one-page form or more complex numerical simulations that take hours to complete using modern computers. However, many assumptions and simplifications must be made for all methods.

E-Ductulator 09
Air distribution
E-Ductulator09 is a program for designing air distribution systems and computing losses with the Equal Friction/Equivalent Length method. New equivalent length tables for rectangular and round duct fittings with friction options for metal duct, spiral duct, duct liners, duct board, and flex duct. Register, diffuser, and filter (for MERV = 4, 6, 8, 11, and 14) losses also included.

E-PipeAlator 08
Water distribution systems
E-PipeAlator 08 is a program for designing water distribution systems and computing losses. Program handles water and water-glycol mixtures, (temperature corrected) in steel, cast iron,

polyethylene, PVC and copper (a new feature) piping. Equivalent lengths for common fittings automatically entered. Heat exchanger, valve, and flow control valve losses also considered. New GSHP piping example calculations and figures have been added.

PsychProcess 09
Properties
PsychProcess09 is a program for computing the properties (enthalpy, specific volume, humidity ratio, relative humidity, specific heat, and dew point). It also calculates resulting properties for air mixing, cooling, and heat recovery. Total, sensible, and latent capacities computed for cooling and heat recovery processes. This Psychrometric Processes Program follows equations provided in the 2005 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, Chapter 6. The program can replace the Psychrometric chart and users are encouraged to compare values. It permits the quick calculation of basic HVAC air mixing, cooling, heating and heat recovery processes. Thanks are extended to Dr. Jim Richardson (CE Department @ UA) and Barbara McCrary of Hattemer, Hornsby & Bailey, Pratteville, AL for assistance in learning the use of Visual Basic macros in Excel that permit the calculation of psychrometric values using functions. See HVAC Simplified (Kavanaugh, 2006) available from ASHRAE for additional details.

Fan Pump Calc 10

Wire-to-air efficiency of fans
FanPumpCalc10 (25 kb download) is a program for calculating the wire-to-air efficiency of fans and wire-to-water efficiency of pumps. The impact of fan and pump power on the capacity and efficiency of cooling systems can also be determined.

ResLoad 08
Residential Heating and Cooling Load
ResLoad08 is a Residential Heating and Cooling Load Calculation program based on the 2001 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals and HVAC Simplified (available from ASHRAE).

Notes
Weather and climatic information available Table 1A & 1B, Chp. 27, 2001 ASHRAE Fundamental Handbook.

SHR = Sensible Load/Total Load Use: 0.65 for Tropic, 0.70 Humid, 0.75 Avg., 0.80 Dry, 0.85 Very Dry. See Tables 7 & 8, Chp. 28, 2001 ASHRAE Fundamental Handbook. See Table 5, Chp. 28, 2001 ASHRAE Fundamental Handbook. Values curve fit from Table 3, Chp. 28, 2001 ASHRAE Fundamental Handbook. Values curve fit from Table 1, Chp. 28, 2001 ASHRAE Fundamental Handbook. See Table 16, Chp. 28, 2001 ASHRAE Fundamental Handbook.

HVACPowDen 08a
Capacity and electrical demand
HVACPowDen 08a is a program for quickly estimating the required capacity and electrical demand of cooling and heating equipment for 30 different building types in the 10 US climate zones. Results are expressed in cooling tons, Btu/hr-ft2, total kW demand, and W/ft2. Program is now integrated with HVACSysEff.xls. Developed as part of an EPA-sponsored Energy Star Buildings project.

HVAC System Efficiency

Modern HVAC systems are increasingly complex and methods for comparing the SYSTEM cooling efficiency of various alternatives are not well established. This program is a method for 1) summing the power requirements of all system components, 2) deducting cooling capacity for the heat input of interior auxiliary eqipment, and 3) computing the net SYSTEM efficiency using three common units of measure: kW/ton, energy efficiency ratio (EER Btu/watt-hour), and Coefficient of Performance (COP WattThermal /WattElect). The SYSTEM efficiency for a variety of HVAC types are computed in the worksheets in this program. Results are shown below. Typical default values for each component are used and they can be corrected in the corresponding worksheets. Each system may include as few as three but as many as seven of the components listed below. 1. Chiller/Compressor (Input based on ASHRAE Std. 90.1-2004 COP values converted to kW/ton, corrected for fluid temperatures and flows) 2. Supply air handler (For fan motors > 1.0 horsepower, input based on cfm/ton, total pressure, motor and fan efficiencies, capacity deduct for power input to motor) 3. Return air fan (Input based ventilation air fraction, total pressure, motor and fan efficiencies, deduct for power input to motor corrected for ventilation air fraction) 4. Chilled water pump (Input based on gpm/ton, total head, motor and pump efficiencies, capacity deduct for power input to pumps) 5. Condenser water pump (Input based on gpm/ton, total head, motor and pump efficiencies, NO capacity deduct for power input) 6. Cooling tower fan (Input based on fan type, NO capacity deduct for power input)

7. Fan coil units or VAV terminal fans (For motors < 1.0 horsepower, input based on motor type and survey of fans watts per ton, deduct for power input to motor) A technical discssion of this method for computing SYSTEM efficiency can be found in the ASHRAE publications HVAC Simplified (2006) or the ASHRAE Journal (July, 2003).

A-AHP Correct 08
Air-conditioners and air-to-air pumps
This program corrects the nominal condition cooling performance of the air-conditioners and air-to-air pumps to actual condtions (outdoor air temperature, indoor air temperature, air flow rate). Values used are those presented in Table 5.3 of HVAC Simplified. The program can be modified to correct the equipment performance of other manufacturers by changing the published nominal capacity, demand and air flow rate values in the MgfData worksheet.

Duct Cost Calc 04

Cost of ductwork
DuctCostCalc04 is a spreadsheet to compute the cost of ductwork Rectangular and Round Metal, Insulation, Duct Board, Flex Duct.

W-AHP Correct 04
Performance of the water-to-air pumps
This program corrects the performance of the water-to-air pumps that are presented in Table 5.6 of HVAC Simplified. It can be modified to correct other manufacturer performance by changing the nominal capacity and demand values in the embedded Module1 thru Module5 (Go to Tools Visual Basic Editor Double Click on Modules).

NetLoop Cost
Cost of installing and grouting vertical ground loops
NetLoopCost is spreadsheet to compute the cost of installing and grouting vertical ground loops (total Loop Cost with drilling, piping, and grouting costs).

Notes

In column B, input U-tube pipe size and bore diameter in inches, cost of grout per 50 lb. Bag of bentonite, cost per 50 lb. Bag of silica sand, cost to drill and insert the U-tube per ft., cost per ft. of HDPE pipe, grouter hourly wage, and grouter bag handling rate per hour. The last three items are results of required length of bore for ground loop when thermal conductivity of grout is considered. Output includes amount of materials, costs for grouting and total loop costs.

GHP Piping Cost Estimator

Cost of vertical closed loop heat pump piping systems
GHP Piping Cost Estimator is program developed by Steve Lambert, P.E. for estimating the cost of vertical closed loop heat pump piping systems. Includes exterior headers, vaults, vertical loops and interior headers, heat pump connections, fittings and valves.