Design of Two Way Spanning Floor-Slab
Design of Two Way Spanning Floor-Slab
Design of Two Way Spanning Floor-Slab
Budapest, 2005.
Content
1. Sizing ..................................................................................................................................... 3
1.1. Data .................................................................................................................................. 3
1.2. Sizing of beams................................................................................................................ 4
1.3. Sizing of the thickness of the slabs L1 and L2.................................................................. 4
1.3.1. The effective depth .................................................................................................... 4
1.3.2. Cover ......................................................................................................................... 4
1.3.3. Appropriate cover ...................................................................................................... 4
1.3.4. The final thickness of the slab: .................................................................................. 5
1.4. Materials .......................................................................................................................... 5
1.5. The characteristic value of loads...................................................................................... 5
1.6. The design (ultimate) load: .............................................................................................. 5
1.7. Approximate analysis of the thickness of slab................................................................. 5
1.8. L1and L2 slabs .................................................................................................................. 6
1.9. Spans ................................................................................................................................ 6
2. Calculation of the moments................................................................................................. 8
2.1. The maximum positive and negative moments ............................................................... 8
+
2.2. Calculating of moment mmax
in direction x and y at point .......................................... 9
+
2.3. Calculating of mmax
moment in x and y direction in point ........................................... 9
2.4. Negative bending moment in point ............................................................................. 9
2.5. Bending moments in practice......................................................................................... 10
2.6. Bending moments mx+, max s my+, max in point of slab L1 ............................................ 10
1. Sizing
1.1. Data
x
G1
b1
G1
y
O1
L2
G2
L1
h2
l0y
h1
30
G1
b2
l0x,2
b1
G1
O1
30
l0x,1
l
h2
lx,2
h1
lx,1
The span can be calculated according to the data sheet. The width of the beam G2 in direction
1 2 l0 y
y approximately is b x
. From this value the length of the span can be
2 3 11
determined in x direction:
l 0 y = c 2 l 0 x1 = 1, 2 6,0 = 7 , 2 m
1 2 1,05 l 0 x1
bx
= 280 380 mm
11
2 3
say: bx =350 mm.
The span (in y direction) of the two way spanning slab can be calculated using the ratio given
on data sheet (in case of l0y/l0x = 1,2):
l0 x2 =
l 0 x1
6 ,0
=
= 5 , 45 m
1 ,1
c1
l = 5 , 45 + 0 , 35 + 6 , 0 = 11 , 80
l0 y
1<
2
l0 x
1.2. Sizing
of beams
In a case of usual load and loaded area for a beam has a hight of (acc. of a rule of thumb):
hx
hy
lx
6,00
= 545,5 mm 550 mm
10 12
11
ly
10 12
hy
7,20
= 654,5 mm 650 mm
11
650
= 382,4 mm 350 mm
1,5 2 1,7
hx
550
by
= 323,5 mm 300 mm
1,5 2 1,7
bx
Remark:
Size bx of beam in y direction should be calculated from hy, and by of beam in x direction should be
calculated from hx.
l short
; but the minimum thickness is dmin=50 mm.
20 40
d slab
1,056,0
= 180,0 mm 180 mm
35
1.5. Cover
15 mm ha < 32 mm
min. c
[mm] ha 32 mm
5 mm c 10 mm
For the lower mesh c = 5 mm could be recomended, for the upper mesh c = 10 mm
because of the tread down during assembling.
14
= 180 + 20 +
= 207 mm h = 210 mm
2
2
cu
d
/2
cl
1.8. Materials
Grade of concrete:
Grade of steelbar:
thickness
[mm]
10
20
40
60
210
15
density [kN/m3]
1. tiling
2. embedding plaster
3. pure concrete
4. technological isolation
5. Nikecell foamlayer
6. r.c. slab
7. plaster
8. partition wall
dead load:
Gk = gi = 8,69 kN/m2
Qk = 5 kN/m2
live load:
23,00
22,00
22,00
1,50
25,00
20,00
max
(G d
N
f ck 20
=
= 13,33
1,5
mm 2
mmax
= mRd = 1000 ck c d (d c )
c
2
From the equation we can obtain the effective depth of the section:
d=
c
m max
1000 f ck c 1 c
2
54,5210 6 1,5
0,2
1000 20 0,21
d = 150,1 mm < dslab = 150 mm, so the overall thickness of the slab h = 210mm is suitable.
mx = ?
my = ?
in points
1, 2 and 3
lx2
ly
lx1
1.13. Spans
The spans lx and ly (for the accurate analysis) can be determined: the clear span l0x, l0y should
be increased by 1/3t 1/2t
at exterior span and by 1/2t at interior span, where t is the length of the support.
l x1 = l 0 x1 +
30 cm b x
0,35
+
= 6,00 + 0,1 +
= 6,275 m
2
3
2
l x2 = l0 x2 +
30 cm b x
0,35
+
= 5,45 + 0,1 +
= 5,725 m
3
2
2
l y = l0 y + 2
by
2
Qd
+1
Qd
Qd/2
=
-Qd/2
+Qd/2
Gd
If the span condition lr/ll mentioned above is true, the rotations of adjacent spans at the
common support are almost equel, and it is zero. Thus the ends of the spans may be supposed
as fixed ones for both spans at the adjacent section, so that the slabs can be analysed
separately. The value of rotation of adjacent spans due to alternating loads at the common
support is almost the same but the direction is opposite. That is why we can suppose a hinged
support for the end conditions of the slabs.
The final moment will be the algebraical sum of the moments due to the load q and q.
mmax = mq ' mq"
+1
max
+
mmax
=?
L1
load: q'
2.3. Calculating of
m
+1
max
L1
load: q''
+
moment
mmax
=?
The method of calculation is the same as at point 2.2 except instead of using lx1 the lx2 should
be used!
Qd/2
+Qd/2
Qd
Gd
2
2
mmax
=?
Qd
-Qd/2
Qk/2
Qd
Gd
On the shaded area q' should be placed totally downward, the remained part should be loaded
by q''. Take care of the edge conditions!
In case of non-equal lxi values both slab should be analysed.
L1
L1
ill.
9
load: q'
load: q''
L1
L1
In the point the bending moments may be not equal because of the different lx1 and lx2. In
that case the out-of-balance bending moment should be redistributed in the ratio of the
relative stiffness of the slabs (in the ratio 1/lx1 and 1/lx2, respectively)
The bending moment coefficients are given in Tables Bars (see attached!)
1
L1:
l x 6,275
=
= 0,837
ly
7,5
L2:
l x 5,725
=
= 0,763
ly
7,5
mx+, max
my+, max
in point
Qk
5
kN
= 1,358,69 + 1,5 = 15,48 2
2
2
m
Q
5
kN
q" = Q k = 1,5 = 3,75 2
2
2
m
q'
of slab L1
q ' = G G k + Q
L1
0,837
0,0298
0,0297
Tab. 1.7
ly
0,0185
Tab. 1.11
q"
L1
0.837
0,0571
lx1
10
kNm
m
mmax
kNm
m
in point
ly
q'
Tab. 1.11
L1
0,837
Tab. 1.8
-0.0762
L1
1.195
-0.0977
lx
As mentioned above that bending moment should be calculated in slab L1 and L2,
respectively. The bending moments should be finally equalised. Pay attention, the Table 1.8
refers to the slab with one short continuous edge. In our project the slab has one long
continuous edge, so the lx/ly ration should be exchanged!
mx,2max = l x21(0,0762q '0,0977q" )
m x,2max = 6,275 2 (0,076215,48 0,09773,75) = 60,87
11
kNm
m
in point
L1
0.837
ly
-0,0502
q'
mmax
-0,0689
L1
0.837
Tab. 1.11
Tab. 1.8
lx
mx+, max
my+, max
in point
of slab L2
mmax
kNm
m
kNm
m
in point
mmax
kNm
m
in point
12
kNm
m
mx,2max, L1 = 60,87
mx,2max, L 2
kNm
m
on the slab L1
1
1
kNm
lx1
6,275
mx12 =
mx 2 =
4,81 = 2,29
1
1
1
1
m
+
+
l x1 lx 2
6,275 5,725
on the slab L2
1
1
kNm
l
5,725
x2
mx22 =
mx 2 =
4,81 = 2,52
1
1
1
1
m
+
+
l x1 lx 2
6,275 5,725
The balanced moment in point
mx,2new = 56,06 + 2,52 = 58,58
kNm
m
2,29
kNm
mx12
= 26,59 +
= 27,74
2
2
m
2,52
kNm
mx22
= 25,80
= 24,54
2
2
m
13
14
m
An economical reinforcement can be designed, if
1,5 , taking the conditions into
m+
consideration given above.
As the sum of the bending moments must not be changed therefore
mec+ + mec = m + + m
Moment redistribution for mx (in slab L1):
kNm
m + + m 27,74 + 58,58
mec+1, x =
=
= 34,53
1 + 1,5
2,5
m
kNm
m ec 2, x = 1,5 m ec+ = 1,5 34,53 = 51,80
m
m ec2, x 51,80
= =
= 0,88 > 0,85 OK.
58,58
m
Moment redistribution for my (in slab L1):
22,37 + 58,25
kNm
mec+ , y1 =
= 32,25
1 + 1,5
m
kNm
mec , y 3 = 1,5 32,25 = 48,38
m
48,38
=
= 0,83 < 0,85 , it is not OK.
58,25
As the condition of 0,85 should be fulfilled:
kNm
mec , y 3 = 0,85 m = 0,85 58,25 = 49,51
m
15
Of course the sum of the positive and negative moments after the redistribution must not be
changed (equalibrium condition!), from where we get:
kNm
mec+ , y 2 = m + + m mec = 22,37 + 58,25 49,51 = 31,11
m
Because of the partial fixing of the outer support, the 25 % of the midfield moment should be
taken into calculation on this support.
According to the EUROCODE:
mleft
= 0,25 m ec+4, x 2
= 0,25 27,93 = 6,98
kNm
m
m right
= 0,25 m ec+1, x1
kNm
m
16
3. Analysing of sections
As the bending moment is bigger in the shorter direction, the lower (layer) reinforcement is
running in the shorter direction.
for
14
= 210 20
= 183 mm
2
2
14
m x : d x = h c f = 210 25
= 178 mm
2
2
m y+ : d y+ = d x+ = 183 14 = 169 mm
for
m y : d y = d x = 178 14 = 164 mm
for
for
m x+ : d x+ = h c a
secti
mx(y)
on [kNm/m]
0x
1x
2x
4x
0x
1y
3y
4y
5y
dx(y)
[mm]
-8,63
+34,53
-51,80
+27,93
-6,98
+31,11
-49,51
xc
[mm]
as,cal
[mm2/m]
178
183
178
183
178
169
164
169
164
m = b x c f cd d c
2
b = 1000mm
Then
x c 1000 f cd = a s ,cal f yd
a s ,cal =
x c 1000 f cd
f yd
17
as,provided
as
[mm2/m]
as
[mm2/m]
xc
[mm]
mRd
[kNm/m]
mRd
mSd >1
0x
1x
2x
4x
0x
1y
3y
4y
5y
xc =
as f yd = b xc f cd
as f yd
< xc 0
b f cd
mRd = b xc f cd d c
2
a s ,min = max f yk
0,0015 b d
a s ,max = 0,04 Ac
(fyk in [N/mm2])
f yd
12
0,9
16
1,0
20
1,1
25
1,2
30
1,3
35
1,4
40
1,5
45
1,6
50
1,7
1,6
2,0
2,4
2,8
3,2
3,6
3,9
4,2
4,5
As ,rec
As , prov
lb ,min
18
lb ,min = 0,3 lb 10
4. Rules of reinforcement
5. The drawing
Signing of bars
Bottom view !!! (the section is taken below the slab, seeing in a mirror)
Do not use many types of bars, or diameters next to each other
Use stays (supporting reinforcement)!
In notes indicate!:
grades of materials (concrete, steelbars);
concrete cover;
characteristic value of imposed load;
and any other data, if there are
Schedule of bars
19
6. A trteher szmtsa
6.1. Energia mdszer
A kinematikailag lehetsges trterhet a kls s bels munkk egyenlsge alapjn lehet
meghatrozni.
Lk = Lb
Vegynk fel egy lehetsges trskpet a lemezek trsvonal elmlete alapjn. Nyomatki
paramterknt a hosszabbik oldalhoz tartoz, m pozitv nyomatkot vlasztjuk. A rvidebbik
irnyban fellp nyomatkot -val val szorzssal, a tmasznyomatkokat 1 4 szorzk
segtsgvel szmthatjuk az m nyomatkbl. Geometriai paramterknt a trsvonalak
metszspontjt meghatroz 1, 2 s tnyezk vehetk fel.
2 = 4 (a szimmetribl addan)
1 = 1 - 2
l
= x 0,71
lx = 5,6 m
ly = 7,9 m
ly
20
m = 36,83
kNm
(lsd 3.2.)
m
kNm
m
kNm
1 m = 18,66
m
m = 31,93
2 m = 4 m = 47 ,61
3 m = 55,46
kNm
m
= 0,87
1 = 0,51
kNm
m
2 = 4 = 1,30
3 = 1,51
A p teher ltal az elmozdulson vgzett kls munka a trskp ltal meghatrozott trfogat
alapjn szmthat.
l x l y (1 2 )
1 l x l y 1
2 lx l y 1
lx l y 1
Lk = pk
1 2 +
1 2 +
1 2 +
1
3
2
3
2
3
2
2
pk l x l y
Lk =
(3 2 )
6
Lb =
2 = 1 1
A trteher teht kt paramter fggvny, amikbl a szlsrtk parcilis derivlssal
kaphat.
p = f (1 , )
21
pk =
= 0
1
1 , 2
p
=0
kN
m2
22
lemezdarab azonos
p l x 2 l y2 2
(
)
lx m + 2 m =
2
3
lemezdarabra:
(1 2 ) l y 22 l x2
2 lx l y
l y (m + m 1 ) = p
+ 2
2
2
lemezdarabra:
(1 2 ) l y 12 l x2
1 l x l y
l y (m + m 3 ) = p
+ 2
2
2
ismeretlenek: p, 1 ,
adott: 3 egyenlet
kN
1 = 0,56 , 2 = 0,44 , = 0,42 , p = 42,74 2
m
p = 42,74
kN
kN
> p d = 17,45 2
2
m
m
2 l x
1 l x
p 42,74
=
= 2.45 > 1
pd 17,45
23
Megfelel!
7. APPENDIX
7.1. Barss tables for moments of two way spanning slab
y
0,50
0,55
0,60
0,65
0,70
0,75
0,80
0,85
0,90
0,95
1,00
1,10
1,20
1,30
1,40
1,50
1,60
1,70
1;80
1,90
2,00
Tab. 1.7
ws
0,1189
0,1101
0,1015
0,0931
0,0851
0.0777
0,0708
0,0644
0,0584
0,0529
0,0476
0,0390
0,0320
0,0262
0,0216
0,0179
0,0149
0,0124
0,0105
0,0088
0,0074
qa4
Eh3
Mys
b
q
x=0
x=a
Mxs
0,0991
0,0923
0,0857
0,0792
0,0730
0,0669
0,0611
0,0557
0,0507
0,0462
0,0423
0,0353
0,0293
0,0244
0,0204
0,0173
0,0146
0,0124
0,0107
0,0091
0,0079
=0,15
Mys
0,0079
0,0103
0,0131
0,0162
0,0194
0,0230
0,0269
0,0307
0,0344
0,0383
0,0423
0,0500
0,0575
0,0644
0,0710
0,0772
0,0826
0,0874
0,0916
0,0954
0,0991
qa2
qb2
0,50
0,55
0,60
0,65
0,70
0,75
0,80
0,85
0,90
0,95
1,00
1,10
1,20
1,30
1,40
1,50
1,60
1,70
1,80
1,90
2,00
y=b
Mx
Tab. 1.8
Mxs
ws
0,1087 0,0908
0,0981 0,0826
0.0881 0,0747
0,0786 0,0670
0,0698 0,0599
0,0618 0,0533
0,0544 0,0472
0,0479 0,0417
0,0421 0,0369
0,0370 0,0327
0,0326 0,0291
0,0253 0,0228
0,0197 0,0180
0,0155 0,0143
0,0123 0,0115
0,0099 0,0094
0,0079 0,0076
0,0063 0,0062
0,0052 0,0052
0,0043 0,0044
0,0036 0,0037
qa4
qa2
Eh3
y=0
y=0
Mys
b
Mx
q
x=0
Mxb
a
=b
Mxbs = Myvs
a
=b
y=b
Myv
x=a
Mys
0,0084
0,0109
0.0135
0,0162
0,0192
0,0221
0,0249
0,0277
0,0304
0,0330
0,0354
0,0399
0,0438
0,0471
0,0500
0,0524
0,0544
0,0561
0,0575
0,0586
0,0594
=0,15
Myvs
-0,0305
-0,0362
-0,0421
-0,0479
-0,0537
-0,0594
-0,0650
-0,0703
-0,0750
-0,0797
-0,0840
-0,0917
-0,0980
-0,1032
-0,1075
-0,1109
-0,1136
-0,1160
-0,1184
-0,1203
-0,1213
qb2
qb2
0,50
0,55
0,60
0,65
0,70
0,75
0,80
0,85
0,90
0,95
1,00
1,10
1,20
1,30
1,40
1,50
1,60
1,70
1;80
1,90
2,00
Tab. 1.9
Mxs
ws
0,0990 0,0835
0,0872 0,0738
0,0759 0,0647
0,0657 0,0563
0,0565 0,0489
0,0484 0,0423
0,0414 0,0363
0,0355 0,0313
0,0305 0,0270
0,0262 0,0232
0,0225 0,0201
0,0167 0,0151
0,0126 0,0113
0,0096 0,0088
0,0073 0,0068
0,0057 0,0053
0,0045 0,0042
0,0036 0,0034
0,0029 0,0028
0,0023 0,0023
0,0018 0,0019
qa4
qa2
Eh3
=0,15
Myvs
-0,0297
-0,0350
-0,0400
-0,0450
-0,0497
-0,0540
-0,0578
-0,0612
-0,0644
-0,0677
-0,0699
-0,0741
-0,0770
-0,0793
-0,0811
-0,0815
-0,0825
-0,0830
-0,0832
-0,0833
-0,0833
qa2
qb2
Mys
x=0
0,50
0,55
0,60
0,65
0,70
0,75
0,80
0,85
0,90
0,95
1,00
1,10
1,20
1,30
1,40
1,50
1,60
1,70
1,80
1,90
2,00
25
ws
0,0549
0,0520
0,0490
0,0458
0,0425
0,0393
0,0361
0,0330
0,0301
0,0273
0,0246
0,0201
0,0164
0,0133
0,0108
0,0089
0,0072
0,0059
0,0048
0,0040
0,0034
qa4
Eh3
x=a
Tab. 1.10
Mxs
Mxvmin
0,0570 -0,1189
0,0543 -0,1148
0,0514 -0,1104
0,0483 -0,1057
0,0451 -0,1008
0,0418 -0,0957
0,0385 -0,0905
0,0354 -0,0852
0,0324 -0,0798
0,0295 -0,0745
0,0269 -0,0699
0,0221 -0,0608
0,0182 -0,0530
0,0148 -0,0462
0,0122 -0,0405
0,0100 -0,0358
0,0081 -0,0317
0,0066 -0,0282
0,0055 -0,0252
0,0046 -0,0226
0,0040 -0,0205
qa2
y=0
My0mi
Mxvmin Mx
x=a
Mys
0,0088
0,0113
0,0137
0,0166
0,0187
0,0212
0,0233
0,0254
0,0274
0,0292
0,0309
0,0335
0,0357
0,0374
0,0386
0,0396
0,0404
0,0410
0,0414
0,0416
0,0417
y=b
y=b
q
Myv
q
x=0
Mxbmin = Myvmin
My0min = Mxvmin
y=0
Mys
Mx0
Mxbmi
a
=b
Mx
Mx0s = Mxbs
Mxbs = Myvs
Myv
Mxb
a
=b
Myvmi
qa2
Mys
0,0040
0,0054
0,0072
0,0092
0,0114
0,0139
0,0164
0,0191
0,0217
0,0243
0,0269
0,0319
0,0365
0,0406
0,0442
0,0473
0,0499
0,0521
0,0540
0,0556
0,0570
=0,15
Myvmin
-0,0205
-0,0249
-0,0294
-0,0341
-0,0390
-0,0442
-0,0496
-0,0548
-0,0598
-0,0648
-0,0699
-0,0787
-0,0869
-0,0937
-0,0993
-0,1041
-0,1082
-0,1116
-0,1143
-0,1167
-0,1189
qb2
qb2
x=0
0,50
0,55
0,60
0,65
0,70
0,75
0,80
0,85
0,90
0,95
1,00
1,10
1,20
1,30
1,40
1,50
1,60
1,70
1;80
1,90
2,00
ws
0,0528
0,0489
0,0450
0,0411
0,0373
0,0336
0,0300
0,0266
0,0236
0,0209
0,0184
0,0142
0,0110
0,0086
0,0068
0,0054
0,0043
0,0034
0,0027
0,0022
0,0018
qa4
Eh3
Tab. 1.11
Mxs
Mxvs
0,0550 0,1135
0,0514 0,1078
0,0476 0,1021
0,0436 0,0964
0,0398 0,0906
0,0359 0,0845
0,0323 0,0881
0,0289 0,0720
0,0257 0,0661
0,0228 0,0603
0,0202 0,0546
0,0158 0,0467
0,0123 0,0399
0,0096 0,0341
0,0075 0,0293
0,0060 0,0254
0,0048 0,0221
0,0039 0,0193
0,0031 0,0171
0,0026 0,0154
0,0022 0,0141
qa2
qa2
x=a
x=0
Mys
0,0045
0,0062
0,0081
0,0101
0,0122
0,0145
0,0169
0,0191
0,0211
0,0232
0,0252
0,0287
0,0316
0,0340
0,0359
0,0374
0,0386
0,0395
0.0402
0,0408
0,0412
=0,15
Myvmin
0,0203
0,0247
0,0291
0,0336
0,0381
0,0427
0.0471
0,0513
0,0551
0,0586
0,0617
0,0676
0,0722
0,0757
0,0782
0,0800
0,0814
0,0825
0,0834
0,0342
0,0847
qb2
qb2
26
0,50
0,55
0,60
0,65
0,70
0,75
0,80
0,85
0,90
0,95
1,00
1,10
1,20
1,30
1,40
1,50
1,60
1,70
1,80
1,90
2,00
ws
0,0296
0,0286
0,0275
0,0261
0,0246
0,0231
0,0214
0,0196
0,0180
0,0164
0,0149
0,0121
0,0098
0,0078
0,0063
0,0051
0,0041
0,0033
0,0027
0,0022
0,0018
qa4
Eh3
y=b
x
x=a
Tab. 1.12
Mxs
Mxvs
0,0405 0,0833
0,0394 0,0817
0,0378 0,0794
0,0360 0,0767
0,0339 0,0737
0,0315 0,0704
0,0293 0,0668
0,0269 0,0631
0,0247 0,0593
0,0224 0,0554
0,0202 0,0515
0,0164 0,0449
0,0131 0,0388
0,0105 0,0336
0,0084 0,0291
0,0066 0,0254
0,0053 0,0223
0,0042 0,0198
0,0035 0,0176
0,0028 0,0158
0,0024 0,0143
qa2
Myas
Myvs
Mx0s
Mxvs
Mx
y=0
Mxvs
y=0
Mxbs
My0s
Myas
Myvmi
Mx0m
a
Myvs
y=b
Mxvs
Mx
Mx0min = Mxbmin
Mx0min = Myvmin
Myas = Mxvs
a
=b
Mxbs = Mx0s
Myas = My0s
Mx0s = Myvs
My0s = Mxvs
Mys
Myvmi
Mxbmi
a
=b
Mys
qa2
Mys
0,0024
0,0033
0,0046
0,0061
0,0079
0,0098
0,0103
0,0139
0,0160
0,0181
0,0202
0,0242
0,0287
0,0306
0,0332
0,0353
0,0369
0,0383
0,0392
0,0399
0,0405
=0,15
Myvmin
0,0143
0,0172
0,0206
0,0242
0,0280
0,0320
0,0360
0,0400
0,0440
0,0480
0,0515
0,0585
0,0643
0,0690
0,0728
0,0757
0,0779
0,0797
0,0812
0,0824
0,0833
qb2
qb2