Draft StructuralSteel DesignGuide

BCA T-186/2007
Draft for Public Comment
Design Guide on Use of Alternative Steel Materials to BS 5950
12-2007 BCA
Draft for Public Comment, 23 November 2007
BCA T-186/2007
Contents
Contents ............................................................................................................................................................... i List of tables .....................................................................................................................................................vii List of symbols ................................................................................................................................................... x Foreword............................................................................................................................................................ xi Section 1. 1.1 1.2 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................1
Scope..........................................................................................................................................................1 Acronyms...................................................................................................................................................1 Acronyms for standards and organizations....................................................................................1 Acronyms for technical terms .........................................................................................................1 Alternative steel materials..............................................................................................................1 Classification of alternative steel materials ..................................................................................1 Material performance requirements...............................................................................................2 Quality assurance requirements.....................................................................................................2 Certified steel materials ..................................................................................................................2 Manufacturer ...................................................................................................................................2 Stockist .............................................................................................................................................2 Trader ...............................................................................................................................................2 Purchaser..........................................................................................................................................2 Product..............................................................................................................................................2 Certification agency .........................................................................................................................3 Carbon equivalent value..................................................................................................................3 Proportional gauge length ...............................................................................................................3 Material performance requirements...................................................................................4 Manufacturing process ....................................................................................................................4 Mechanical properties .....................................................................................................................4 Chemical composition ......................................................................................................................5 Dimensional and mass tolerances ..................................................................................................5 Manufacturing process ....................................................................................................................5
1.2.1 1.2.2 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.3.5 1.3.6 1.3.7 1.3.8 1.3.9 1.3.10 1.3.11 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 Section 2. 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.2 2.2.1
Terms and definitions ..............................................................................................................................1
Technical equations ..................................................................................................................................3
Steel plates................................................................................................................................................4
Hot rolled sections ....................................................................................................................................5
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BCA T-186/2007 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.5 2.5.1 2.5.2 2.5.3 2.5.4 2.6 2.6.1 2.6.2 2.6.3 2.6.4 2.7 2.8 2.7.1 2.8.1 2.8.2 2.8.3 2.8.4 2.9 2.9.1 2.9.2 2.9.3 Section 3. 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 Mechanical properties ..................................................................................................................... 6 Chemical composition...................................................................................................................... 6 Dimensional and mass tolerances .................................................................................................. 6 Manufacturing process.................................................................................................................... 7 Mechanical properties ..................................................................................................................... 7 Chemical composition...................................................................................................................... 7 Dimensional and mass tolerances .................................................................................................. 8 Manufacturing process.................................................................................................................... 9 Mechanical properties ..................................................................................................................... 9 Chemical composition...................................................................................................................... 9 Dimensional and mass tolerances .................................................................................................. 9 Manufacturing process.................................................................................................................... 9 Mechanical properties ................................................................................................................... 10 Chemical composition.................................................................................................................... 11 Dimensional tolerances ................................................................................................................. 11 Manufacturing process.................................................................................................................. 12 Mechanical properties ................................................................................................................... 12 Chemical composition.................................................................................................................... 13 Dimensional tolerances ................................................................................................................. 13 Mechanical properties ................................................................................................................... 13 Manufacturing process.................................................................................................................. 14 Mechanical properties ................................................................................................................... 14 Chemical composition.................................................................................................................... 14 Dimensional and mass tolerances ................................................................................................14 Manufacturing process.................................................................................................................. 14 Mechanical properties ................................................................................................................... 15 Dimensional tolerances ................................................................................................................. 15 Quality assurance requirements .......................................................................................16 Feedstock materials....................................................................................................................... 16 Equipment...................................................................................................................................... 16
Hollow sections ......................................................................................................................................... 7
Steel for cold forming ............................................................................................................................... 8
Non-preloaded bolting assemblies........................................................................................................... 9
Preloaded bolting assemblies ................................................................................................................ 12
Welding consumables............................................................................................................................. 13 Profiled steel sheets ............................................................................................................................... 14
Stud shear connectors ............................................................................................................................ 14
Factory production control..................................................................................................................... 16
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BCA T-186/2007 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.1.5 3.1.6 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.2.6 Section 4. 4.1 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.4 Personnel ........................................................................................................................................16 Product testing ...............................................................................................................................17 Product marking ............................................................................................................................17 Non-conforming products ..............................................................................................................17 Information of manufacturer ........................................................................................................17 Reference details............................................................................................................................17 Material specifications...................................................................................................................18 Information for traceability...........................................................................................................18 Test results.....................................................................................................................................18 Authentication ...............................................................................................................................18 Classification of alternative steel materials .................................................................. 19 Certification....................................................................................................................................19 Material testing..............................................................................................................................19 Factory production control certificates.........................................................................................19 Manufacturer test certificates.......................................................................................................19 Class 1 alternative steel materials ...............................................................................................20 Class 2 alternative steel materials ...............................................................................................20 Class 3 alternative steel materials ...............................................................................................20
Manufacturer test certificates ...............................................................................................................17
Adequacy assessment.............................................................................................................................19
Reliability assessment............................................................................................................................19
Classification procedure .........................................................................................................................20
Special case .............................................................................................................................................20 Design recommendations.................................................................................................... 21 Class 1 structural steel..................................................................................................................21 Class 1 non-preloaded bolted connections....................................................................................24 Class 1 preloaded bolted connections ...........................................................................................27 Class 1 fillet welds .........................................................................................................................29 Class 1 profiled steel sheets ..........................................................................................................30 Class 1 stud shear connectors .......................................................................................................32 Class 2 structural steel..................................................................................................................33 Class 2 non-preloaded bolted connections....................................................................................33 Class 2 preloaded bolted connections ...........................................................................................33 Class 2 fillet welds .........................................................................................................................34 Class 2 profiled steel sheets ..........................................................................................................34
Section 5. 5.1 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.1.5 5.1.6 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5
Design recommendations on Class 1 alternative steel materials........................................................21
Design recommendations on Class 2 alternative steel materials........................................................33
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BCA T-186/2007 5.2.6 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.4 5.3.5 5.3.6 5.4 Class 2 stud shear connectors....................................................................................................... 34 Class 3 structural steel ................................................................................................................. 35 Class 3 non-preloaded bolted connections ................................................................................... 35 Class 3 preloaded bolted connections ........................................................................................... 35 Class 3 fillet welds......................................................................................................................... 35 Class 3 profiled steel sheets.......................................................................................................... 35 Class 3 stud shear connectors....................................................................................................... 35
Design recommendations on Class 3 alternative steel materials ....................................................... 34
Other properties ..................................................................................................................................... 35 Lists of certified steel materials ....................................................................................36
Appendix A A.1 A.1.1 A.1.2 A.1.3 A.1.4 A.1.5 A.1.6 A.1.7 A.1.8 A.1.9 A.2 A.2.1 A.2.2 A.2.3 A.2.4 A.2.5 A.2.6 A.2.7 A.2.8 A.2.9 A.3 A.3.1 A.3.2 A.3.3 A.3.4 A.3.5 A.3.6 A.3.7
Certified British/European steel materials...................................................................................... 37 Certified British/European steel plates ....................................................................................... 37 Certified British/European hot rolled sections ............................................................................ 37 Certified British/European hollow sections ................................................................................. 37 Certified British/European steel for cold forming ....................................................................... 38 Certified British/European non-preloaded bolting assemblies................................................... 38 Certified British/European preloaded bolting assemblies .......................................................... 38 Certified British/European welding consumables....................................................................... 38 Certified British/European profiled steel sheets ......................................................................... 39 Certified British/European stud shear connectors...................................................................... 39 Certified American steel materials................................................................................................... 40 Certified American steel plates .................................................................................................... 40 Certified American hot-rolled sections......................................................................................... 40 Certified American hollow sections .............................................................................................. 40 Certified American steel for cold forming .................................................................................... 40 Certified American non-preloaded bolting assemblies................................................................ 41 Certified American preloaded bolting assemblies ....................................................................... 41 Certified American welding consumables.................................................................................... 41 Certified American profiled steel sheets ...................................................................................... 41 Certified American shear stud connectors................................................................................... 42 Certified Japanese steel materials ................................................................................................... 43 Certified Japanese steel plates..................................................................................................... 43 Certified Japanese hot-rolled sections ......................................................................................... 43 Certified Japanese hollow sections............................................................................................... 43 Certified Japanese steel for cold forming..................................................................................... 43 Certified Japanese non-preloaded bolting assemblies ................................................................ 44 Certified Japanese preloaded bolting assemblies........................................................................ 44 Certified Japanese welding consumables .................................................................................... 44
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BCA T-186/2007 A.3.8 A.3.9 A.4 A.4.1 A.4.2 A.4.3 A.4.4 A.4.5 A.4.6 A.4.7 A.4.8 A.4.9 A.5 A.5.1 A.5.2 A.5.3 A.5.4 A.5.5 A.5.6 A.5.7 A.5.8 A.5.9 Certified Japanese profiled steel sheets .......................................................................................44 Certified Japanese stud shear connectors....................................................................................44 Certified Australian/New Zealand steel materials ..........................................................................45 Certified Australian/New Zealand steel plates............................................................................45 Certified Australian/New Zealand hot-rolled sections ................................................................45 Certified Australian/New Zealand hollow sections .....................................................................45 Certified Australian/New Zealand steel for cold forming ...........................................................46 Certified Australian/New Zealand non-preloaded bolting assemblies .......................................46 Certified Australian/New Zealand preloaded bolting assemblies ..............................................46 Certified Australian/New Zealand welding consumables ...........................................................46 Certified Australian/New Zealand profiled steel sheets .............................................................47 Certified Australian/New Zealand shear stud connectors ..........................................................47 Certified Chinese steel materials......................................................................................................48 Certified Chinese steel plates .......................................................................................................48 Certified Chinese hot rolled sections ............................................................................................48 Certified Chinese hollow sections .................................................................................................49 Certified Chinese steel for cold forming .......................................................................................49 Certified Chinese non-preloaded bolting assemblies...................................................................49 Certified Chinese preloaded bolting assemblies ..........................................................................49 Certified Chinese welding consumables.......................................................................................50 Certified Chinese profiled steel sheets .........................................................................................50 Certified Chinese stud shear connectors......................................................................................50 Testing of steel materials................................................................................................ 51 Standards for reference .................................................................................................. 52
Appendix B Appendix C C.1 C.1.1 C.1.2 C.1.3 C.1.4 C.1.5 C.1.6 C.1.7 C.1.8 C.1.9 C.2 C.2.1 C.2.2
British/European standards for reference ........................................................................................53 British/European standards on design of steel structures..........................................................53 British/European standards on steel materials...........................................................................53 British/European standards on manufacturing tolerances.........................................................54 British/European standards on bolting assemblies.....................................................................54 British/European standards on welding consumables ................................................................55 British/European standards on profiled steel sheets ..................................................................55 British/European standards on stud shear connectors ...............................................................55 British/European standards on material testing.........................................................................56 British/European standards on inspection documents................................................................56 American standards for reference.....................................................................................................57 American standards on design of steel structures.......................................................................57 American standards on steel materials........................................................................................57
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BCA T-186/2007 C.2.3 C.2.4 C.2.5 C.2.6 C.2.7 C.3 C.3.1 C.3.2 C.3.3 C.3.4 C.3.5 C.3.6 C.3.7 C.4 C.4.1 C.4.2 C.4.3 C.4.4 C.4.5 C.4.6 C.4.7 C.5 C.5.1 C.5.2 C.5.3 C.5.4 C.5.5 C.5.6 C.5.7 American standards on manufacturing tolerances ..................................................................... 58 American standards on bolting assemblies ................................................................................. 58 American standards on welding consumables............................................................................. 59 American standards on profiled steel sheets ............................................................................... 59 American standards on shear stud connectors............................................................................ 59 Japanese standards for reference ..................................................................................................... 60 Japanese standards on design of steel structures....................................................................... 60 Japanese standards on steel materials ........................................................................................ 60 Japanese standards on manufacturing tolerances...................................................................... 60 Japanese standards on bolting assemblies .................................................................................. 60 Japanese standards on welding consumables ............................................................................. 61 Japanese standards on profiled steel sheets................................................................................ 61 Japanese standards on stud shear connectors ............................................................................ 61 Australian/New Zealand standards for reference............................................................................ 62 Australian/New Zealand standards on design of steel structures ............................................. 62 Australian/New Zealand standards on steel materials .............................................................. 62 Australian/New Zealand standards on manufacturing tolerances ............................................ 62 Australian/New Zealand standards on bolting assemblies......................................................... 62 Australian/New Zealand standards on welding consumables.................................................... 62 Australian/New Zealand standards on profiled steel sheets ...................................................... 63 Australian/New Zealand standards on shear stud connectors ................................................... 63 Chinese standards for reference ....................................................................................................... 64 Chinese standards on design of steel structures ......................................................................... 64 Chinese standards on steel materials .......................................................................................... 64 Chinese standards on manufacturing tolerances ........................................................................ 64 Chinese standards on bolting assemblies .................................................................................... 64 Chinese standards on welding consumables ............................................................................... 65 Chinese standards on profiled steel sheets.................................................................................. 65 Chinese standards on stud shear connectors............................................................................... 65
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BCA T-186/2007
List of tables
Table 1 Chemical composition requirements for steel plates based on ladle analysis.................................5 Table 2 Chemical composition requirements for hot rolled sections based on ladle analysis .....................6 Table 3 Chemical composition requirements for hot finished hollow sections based on ladle analysis......8 Table 4 Chemical composition requirements for cold-formed hollow sections based on ladle analysis ......8 Table 5 Recommended grades of non-preloaded bolts ..................................................................................10 Table 6 Recommended grades of nuts in non-preloaded assemblies ...........................................................10 Table 7 Hardness requirements for non-preloaded bolts .............................................................................10 Table 8 Hardness requirements for nuts in non-preloaded assembly.........................................................11 Table 9 Chemical composition requirements for non-preloaded bolts based on product analysis ............11 Table 10 Chemical composition requirements for nuts in non-preloaded assemblies based on product analysis .............................................................................................................................................11 Table 11 Recommended grades of preloaded bolts .......................................................................................12 Table 12 Recommended grades of nuts in preloaded assemblies ................................................................12 Table 13 Hardness requirements for preloaded bolts...................................................................................13 Table 14 Hardness requirements for nuts in preloaded assemblies............................................................13 Table 15 Chemical composition requirements for nuts in preloaded assemblies based on product analysis .............................................................................................................................................13 Table 16 Design strengths of British/European (BS EN) structural steels ................................................21 Table 17 Design strengths of American (ASTM and API) structural steels ...............................................22 Table 18 Design strengths of Japanese (JIS) structural steels ...................................................................23 Table 19 Design strengths of Australian/New Zealand (AS/NZS) structural steels ..................................23 Table 20 Design strengths of Chinese (GB) structural steels ......................................................................24 Table 21 Design strengths of British/European (BS EN) non-preloaded bolts...........................................25 Table 22 Design strengths of American (ASTM) non-preloaded bolts ........................................................25 Table 23 Design strengths of Japanese (JIS) non-preloaded bolts ..............................................................25 Table 24 Design strengths of Australian/New Zealand (AS) non-preloaded bolts .....................................25 Table 25 Design strengths of Chinese (GB) non-preloaded bolts ................................................................26 Table 26 Recommended combinations of British/European (BS EN) non-preloaded bolting assemblies .26 12-2007 BCA Draft for Public Comment, 23 November 2007 vii
BCA T-186/2007 Table 27 Recommended combinations of American (ASTM) non-preloaded bolting assemblies .............. 26 Table 28 Recommended combinations of Japanese (JIS) non-preloaded bolting assemblies.................... 26 Table 29 Recommended combinations of Australian/New Zealand (AS/NZS) non-preloaded bolting assemblies ........................................................................................................................................ 27 Table 30 Recommended combinations of Chinese (GB) non-preloaded bolting assemblies ...................... 27 Table 31 Design strengths of British/European (BS EN) preloaded bolts.................................................. 27 Table 32 Design strengths of American (ASTM) preloaded bolts................................................................ 27 Table 33 Design strengths of Japanese (JIS) preloaded bolts ..................................................................... 28 Table 34 Design strengths of Australian/New Zealand (AS) preloaded bolts ............................................ 28 Table 35 Design strengths of Chinese (GB) preloaded bolts........................................................................ 28 Table 36 Recommended combinations of British/European (BS EN) preloaded bolting assemblies ........ 28 Table 37 Recommended combinations of American (ASTM) preloaded bolting assemblies...................... 28 Table 38 Recommended combinations of Japanese (JIS) preloaded bolting assemblies ........................... 28 Table 39 Recommended combinations of Australian/New Zealand (AS/NZS) preloaded bolting assemblies ........................................................................................................................................ 29 Table 40 Recommended combinations of Chinese (GB) preloaded bolting assemblies.............................. 29 Table 41 Design strengths of fillet weld made of British/European (BS EN) welding consumables ........ 29 Table 42 Design strengths of fillet weld made of American (AWS) welding consumables........................ 29 Table 43 Design strengths of fillet weld made of Japanese (JIS) welding consumables ........................... 29 Table 44 Design strengths of fillet weld made of Australian/New Zealand (AS) welding consumables... 30 Table 45 Design strengths of fillet weld made of Chinese (GB) welding consumables.............................. 30 Table 46 Design strengths of British/European (BS EN) profiled steel sheets .......................................... 30 Table 47 Design strengths of American (ASTM) profiled steel sheets........................................................ 31 Table 48 Design strengths of Japanese (JIS) profiled steel sheets ............................................................. 31 Table 49 Design strengths of Australian/New Zealand (AS/NZS) profiled steel sheets ............................ 31 Table 50 Design strengths of Chinese (GB) profiled steel sheets................................................................ 32 Table 51 Tensile strengths of British/European (BS EN), American (AWS), Japanese (JIS), Australian/New Zealand (AS/NZS) and Chinese (GB) stud shear connectors ............................ 32 Table 52 Design strengths of Class 2 structural steels................................................................................ 33 Table 53 Design strengths of Class 2 non-preloaded bolts .......................................................................... 33 Table 54 Recommended combinations of Class 2 non-preloaded bolting assemblies ................................ 33 Draft for Public Comment, 23 November 2007 viii 12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007 Table 55 Design strengths of Class 2 preloaded bolts ..................................................................................34 Table 56 Recommended combinations of Class 2 preloaded bolting assemblies ........................................34 Table 57 Design strengths of Class 3 structural steels ................................................................................35
Table B.1 Material testing required for steel materials...............................................................................51
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BCA T-186/2007
List of symbols
For the purposes of this design guide, the following symbols apply. fu Lo pbb ps pt pw py pyo So t Ub Ue Us Yb Ys Tensile strength of stud shear connector, in N/mm2 Proportional gauge length used to compute elongation in tensile test, in mm Bearing strength of bolts, in N/mm2 Shear strength of bolts, in N/mm2 Tension strength of bolts, in N/mm2 Design strength of fillet welds, in N/mm2 Design strength of structural steels, in N/mm2 Basic design strength of structural steels with thickness not greater than 16 mm, in N/mm2 Original cross-sectional area of specimen in tensile test, in mm2 Thickness of steel materials, in mm Minimum tensile strength of bolts, in N/mm2 Minimum tensile strength of welding consumables, in N/mm2 Minimum tensile strength of structural steels, in N/mm2 Minimum yield strength of bolts, in N/mm2 Minimum yield strength of structural steels, in N/mm2; which is taken as the stress at either the initiation of yielding for steel materials with clearly defined yield point; and as the lesser of 0.2% proof stress, or the stress at 0.5% total elongation, for steel materials with no clearly defined yield point
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BCA T-186/2007
Foreword
This design guide serves as Singapores national code of practice for the use of alternative steel materials in design to the British Standard BS 5950 Structural use of steelwork in building, including those manufactured to British Standards. Steel materials not covered in BS 5950 by default shall be allowed with or without restrictions if they are in compliance with the provisions of this design guide. The objective of this design guide is to ensure that only adequate (in terms of material performance) and reliable (in terms of quality assurance) steel materials, regardless of material standards to which the materials are manufactured to, are used in the design of structural steelworks to ensure public safety. This design guide only gives provisions for structural design based on BS 5950, and therefore only serves as guidance at the design stage. It has been assumed in the drafting of this design guide that the execution of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified persons, in compliance with appropriate execution standards to control materials, fabrication and erection of steelwork. As a code of practice, this design guide takes the form of guidance and recommendations. It should not be quoted as if it was a specification and particular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are not misleading. Reference for additional design recommendations other than those given in this design guide shall be made to various parts of BS 5950. This design guide does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of this design guide are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with this design guide does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
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BCA T-186/2007
Section 1. Introduction
1.1 Scope
Under the provisions of this design guide, alternative steel materials not manufactured to British Standards may be allowed in structural design based on BS 5950. To be consistent, this design guide outlines the material performance requirements and quality assurance requirements to be imposed on all steel materials, including those manufactured to British Standards, intended for use in accordance with BS 5950, in the context of Singapore.
1.2
Acronyms
Unless otherwise stated, the following acronyms apply throughout this design guide. 1.2.1 AS AISC ANSI API ASTM AWS BCA BS EN GB ISO JIS NZS 1.2.2 CEV FPC NDT Acronyms for standards and organizations - Australian Standard(s) - American Institute of Steel Construction - American National Standards Institute - American Petroleum Institute - American Society for Testing and Materials - American Welding Society - Building and Construction Authority of Singapore - British Standard(s) - European Standard(s) - National Standard(s) of the Peoples Republic of China - International Organization for Standardization - Japanese Industrial Standard(s) - New Zealand Standard(s) Acronyms for technical terms - Carbon equivalent value - Factory production control - Non-destructive testing
1.3
Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this design guide, the following terms and definitions apply. 1.3.1 Alternative steel materials
Alternative steel materials are steel materials not manufactured in accordance with British Standards, and therefore not covered in BS 5950 by default. The use of alternative steel materials in BS 5950 shall be allowed with or without recommendations and/or restrictions according to the classification defined in 1.3.2. 1.3.2 Classification of alternative steel materials
Classification of alternative steel materials is carried out based on the assessments of both material performance requirements defined in 1.3.3 and quality assurance requirements defined in 1.3.4 to
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BCA T-186/2007 categorize alternative steel materials into three classes Class 1, Class 2 and Class 3 for the purpose of design to BS 5950 defined in Section 4.
NOTE See Section 4 for more details on the classification procedure and the description for each class.
1.3.3
Material performance requirements
Material performance requirements are the essential requirements for the mechanical, physical, dimensional and/or other relevant properties of alternative steel materials to ensure their adequacy to be used in the structural design based on BS 5950.
NOTE See Section 2 for more details on structural performance requirements.
1.3.4
Quality assurance requirements
Quality assurance requirements are the requirements for the manufacturers of alternative steel materials to provide adequate assurance on the nominal specifications of the materials, and are acceptable to BCA, to ensure their reliability to be used in the structural design based on BS 5950.
NOTE See Section 3 for more details on quality assurance requirements.
1.3.5
Certified steel materials
Certified steel materials are alternative steel materials which can be found in Singapore and manufactured to one of the five international standards, which are British/European (BS EN), American (API, ASTM and AWS), Japanese (JIS), Australian/New Zealand (AS/NZS and AS) and Chinese (GB) standards, with their nominal specifications already certified to be complying with the essential material performance requirements through rigorous evaluation. Not all materials manufactured to the abovementioned five international standards are in the lists of certified steel materials (see Appendix A), but only those which meet the essential material performance requirements.
NOTE Certified steel materials still need to be classified accordingly (see Section 4).
1.3.6
Manufacturer
The term manufacturer in this design guide shall refer to the manufacturer of steel materials. 1.3.7 Stockist
The term stockist in this design guide shall refer to the supplier of steel materials who does not manufacture the steel materials, but only stocks and supplies the steel materials to the market. 1.3.8 Trader
The term trader in this design guide shall refer to the supplier of steel materials who does not manufacture the steel materials, but only supplies the steel materials to the market. 1.3.9 Purchaser
The term purchaser in this design guide shall refer to the purchaser of steel materials for design, fabrication and erection of steelwork. 1.3.10 Product The term product in this design guide shall refer to the steel material produced or manufactured by the manufacturer defined in 1.3.6.
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BCA T-186/2007 1.3.11 Certification agency The term certification agency in this design guide shall refer to the independent third-party agency which carries out the duty of auditing the production control system of a manufacturer through necessary inspection, assessment and surveillance.
NOTE Attestation by a certification agency, acceptable to or recognized by BCA, is part of the quality assurance requirements (see Section 3).
1.4
Technical equations
Unless otherwise stated, the following technical equations apply throughout this design guide. 1.4.1 Carbon equivalent value
Carbon equivalent value as a measure of the weldability of steel materials shall be computed using the following equation.
CEV (%) = % C + % Mn % Cr + % Mo + % V % Cu + % Ni + + 6 5 15
1.4.2
Proportional gauge length
Proportional gauge length used in computing the elongation as a measure of the ductility of steel materials shall be computed using the following equation.
Lo = 5.65 S o
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Section 2. Material performance requirements

Alternative steel materials shall be manufactured to a national standard in the first place and they shall, at the same time, meet the relevant material performance requirements. The essential material performance requirements for various types of commonly available alternative steel materials are as given in 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8 and 2.9. Project-specific (internal soundness and through thickness deformation properties, for examples) or other requirements given in BS 5950 but not covered by this design guide (surface and physical conditions, for examples) shall also be complied with.
2.1
Steel plates
This section covers hot rolled uncoated steel plates with a minimum thickness of 3 mm, supplied flat or pre-curved in any shape as required. Steel for cold forming (see 2.4) are not within the scope of this section.
NOTE References for material performance requirements in this section include, in alphanumerical order, BS 5950-1, BS 5950-2, BS EN 1993-1-12, BS EN 10025-1, BS EN 10025-2, BS EN 10025-3, BS EN 10025-4, BS EN 10025-5, BS EN 10025-6, BS EN 10029 and BS EN 10051.
2.1.1
Manufacturing process
Rimming steel shall not be allowed and the steel shall be at least semi-killed in the deoxidation process. The plates may be produced directly on reversing mill, by cutting from parent plates rolled on reversing mill or hot rolled wide strips. The plate edges may be as rolled or sheared, flame cut or chamfered. The products may be supplied in as-rolled, normalized or quenched and tempered condition, or with controlled rolling (normalized rolling or thermo-mechanical rolling).
2.1.2 Mechanical properties
2.1.2.1 Strength
The nominal yield strength shall be in the range of 235 N/mm2 to 690 N/mm2. The nominal tensile strength shall be in the range of 300 N/mm2 to 1000 N/mm2.
2.1.2.2 Ductility
The elongation after fracture on proportional gauge length shall be at least 15 %, for nominal yield strength not greater than 460 N/mm2; and shall be at least 10 % for nominal yield strength greater than 460 N/mm2. The nominal tensile strength to nominal yield strength ratio shall be at least 1.1 for nominal yield strength not greater than 460 N/mm2.
NOTE Conversion of elongation values measured not based on proportional gauge length is necessary and shall be performed according to BS EN ISO 2566-1.
2.1.2.3 Impact toughness
As a minimum, the product shall be able to absorb at least 27 J of impact energy at 20 C.

NOTE Depending on other factors including the thickness and minimum service temperature, the impact toughness should also conform to the appropriate requirements as given in BS 5950-1.
2.1.2.4 Through thickness deformation properties
Where appropriate, through thickness deformation properties shall be specified to guarantee adequate deformation capacity perpendicular to the surface to provide ductility and toughness against lamellar tearing.
NOTE Specification of through thickness deformation properties can be referred to BS EN 10164.
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2.1.3 Chemical composition
In general, based on ladle analysis, carbon content shall not exceed 0.26 %; maximum CEV and content of impurities shall be in accordance with the requirements given in Table 1.
NOTE 1 Interpolation for maximum content shall be allowed for design strength not given in Table 1. NOTE 2 Depending on the product thickness or variation in metallurgical process and intended use, the requirements for chemical composition might vary and shall be referred to BS EN 10025-1, BS EN 10025-2, BS EN 10025-3, BS EN 10025-4, BS EN 10025-5 and BS EN 10025-6.
Table 1 Chemical composition requirements for steel plates based on ladle analysis py (N/mm2, based on t 16 mm) Maximum content (% by mass) CEV Pa S
235 275 355 420 460 460b 550b 690b b For quenched and tempered steel only.
2.1.4 Dimensional and mass tolerances
0.40 0.44 0.49 0.52 0.55 0.50 0.83 0.83
0.045 0.045 0.045 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.030 0.030
0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.02
a For certain weathering steel, maximum phosphorous content shall be allowed up to 0.15 %.
2.1.4.1 Dimensions
In general, the deviation in actual thickness from nominal plate thickness shall not exceed the larger of 2 mm and 10 %.
2.1.4.2 Mass
In general, the deviation in actual mass from mass computed using a density of 7 850 kg/m3 shall be limited by the dimensional tolerances.
2.2
Hot rolled sections
This section covers hot rolled structural open sections including universal beams and columns, joists, channels, angles and T sections.
NOTE References for material performance requirements in this section include, in alphanumerical order, BS 5950-1, BS 5950-2, BS EN 10024, BS EN 10025-1, BS EN 10025-2, BS EN 10025-3, BS EN 10025-4, BS EN 10025-5, BS EN 10034, BS EN 10055, BS EN 10056-2, BS EN 10164 and BS EN 10279.
2.2.1
Rimming steel shall not be allowed and the steel shall be at least semi-killed in the deoxidation process. T sections may be produced directly through hot rolling or by splitting the universal beams or columns. The products may be supplied in as-rolled or normalized condition, or with controlled rolling (normalized rolling or thermo-mechanical rolling). Quenched and tempered steel shall not be allowed.
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2.2.2.1 Strength
2.2.2.2 Ductility
The elongation after fracture on proportional gauge length shall be at least 15 %. The nominal tensile strength to nominal yield strength ratio shall be at least 1.1.

2.2.3
Chemical composition
In general, based on ladle analysis, carbon content shall not exceed 0.26 %; maximum CEV and content of impurities shall be in accordance with the requirements given in Table 2.
NOTE 1 Interpolation for maximum content shall be allowed for design strength not given in Table 2. NOTE 2 Depending on the product thickness or variation in metallurgical process and intended use, the requirements for chemical composition might vary and shall be referred to BS EN 10025-1, BS EN 10025-2, BS EN 10025-3, BS EN 10025-4 and BS EN 10025-5.
Table 2 Chemical composition requirements for hot rolled sections based on ladle analysis py (N/mm2, based on t 16 mm) Maximum content (% by mass) CEV Pa S
235 275 355 420 460
0.40 0.44 0.49 0.52 0.55
0.045 0.045 0.045 0.040 0.040
0.045 0.045 0.045 0.040 0.040
2.2.4.1 Dimensions
In general, the deviation in the actual overall dimensions like section height, width and leg length shall not exceed 2 %; the deviation in the thicknesses of flange, web and leg shall not exceed the larger of 2 mm and 10 %.
2.2.4.2 Mass
In general, the deviation in actual mass from mass computed using a density of 7 850 kg/m3 shall not exceed 5 %.
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2.3
Hollow sections
This section covers both hot finished and cold-formed structural hollow sections of circular, square or rectangular forms. Hot finished elliptical hollow sections are also within the scope of this section.
NOTE References for material performance requirements in this section include, in alphanumerical order, BS 5950-1, BS 5950-2, BS 7668, BS EN 10210-1, BS EN 10210-2, BS EN 10219-1 and BS EN 10219-2.
2.3.1
Rimming steel shall not be allowed and the steel shall be at least semi-killed in the deoxidation process. Quenched and tempered steel shall not be allowed. Hollow sections shall be manufactured by a seamless or by a welding process. Hot finished hollow sections may be formed hot, with or without subsequent heat treatment, or formed cold with subsequent heat treatment to attain the metallurgical conditions equivalent to those formed hot. Hot finished hollow sections may also be supplied in normalized condition or with normalized rolling. Cold-formed hollow sections shall be formed cold without subsequent heat treatment except the weld seam may be in the as welded or heat treated condition. Cold-formed hollow sections may also be supplied in normalized condition or with controlled rolling (normalized rolling or thermo-mechanical rolling).
2.3.2.1 Strength
2.3.2.2 Ductility
The elongation after fracture on proportional gauge length shall be at least 15 %.


2.3.3
In general, based on ladle analysis, carbon content shall not exceed 0.24 %; maximum CEV and content of impurities shall be in accordance with the requirements given in Table 3 and Table 4.
NOTE 1 Interpolation for maximum content shall be allowed for design strength not given in Table 3 and Table 4. NOTE 2 Depending on the product thickness or variation in metallurgical process and intended use, the requirements for chemical composition might vary and shall be referred to BS EN 10210-1 and BS EN 10219-1.
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Table 3 Chemical composition requirements for hot finished hollow sections based on ladle analysis py (N/mm2, based on t 16 mm) Maximum content (% by mass) CEV Pa S
235 275 355 420 460
0.41 0.45 0.50 0.52 0.55
0.040 0.040 0.035 0.035 0.035
0.040 0.040 0.035 0.035 0.035
Table 4 Chemical composition requirements for cold-formed hollow sections based on ladle analysis py (N/mm2, based on t 16 mm) Maximum content (% by mass) CEV Pa S
235 275 355 420 460
0.37 0.40 0.48b 0.50b 0.53b
0.040 0.040 0.035 0.035 0.035
0.040 0.040 0.035 0.035 0.035
a For certain weathering steel, maximum phosphorous content shall be allowed up to 0.15 %. b If thermo-mechanical rolling, which is recommended to lower the CEV, is introduced, the corresponding maximum CEV allowed shall be reduced by 10 %.
2.3.4.1 Dimensions
In general, the deviation in the actual overall dimensions like section height, width and diameter shall not exceed 1 %; the deviation in the wall thicknesses shall not exceed the larger of 2 mm and 10 %.
2.3.4.2 Mass
In general, the deviation in actual mass from mass computed using a density of 7 850 kg/m3 shall not exceed 6 %.
2.4
Steel for cold forming
This section covers steel flat products used for the manufacture of cold-formed open sections with a thickness, exclusive of coatings, of not more than 8 mm for use as structural members, and supplied in sheet or strip. Cold-formed structural hollow sections (see 2.3) and profiled steel sheets for composite slabs (see 2.8) are not within the scope of this section.
NOTE References for material performance requirements in this section include, in alphanumerical order, BS 5950-5, BS 5950-7, BS EN 10025-2 and BS EN 10051.
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2.4.1 Manufacturing process
The steel flat products for cold forming might be hot rolled, cold rolled or continuously hot-dip coated. For hot rolled steel sheets or strips, rimming steel shall not be allowed and the steel shall be at least semikilled in the deoxidation process; the products may be supplied in as-rolled, normalized or with controlled rolling (normalized rolling or thermo-mechanical rolling). For cold rolled steel sheets or strips, low carbon steel shall not be allowed. For coated steel sheets or strips, low carbon steel shall not be allowed; the coatings might be zinc, zinc-iron alloy, zinc-aluminium alloy, aluminium-zinc alloy or aluminium-silicon alloy.
2.4.2.1 Strength
2.4.2.2 Ductility

2.4.3
In general, based on ladle analysis, carbon content shall not exceed 0.22 %, CEV shall not exceed 0.48 % and content of each phosphorous and sulphur shall not exceed 0.04 %. For special steel with high mechanical and/or plastic strain resistances, maximum phosphorous content shall be allowed up to 0.12 %
NOTE Depending on the product thickness or variation in metallurgical process and intended use, the requirements for chemical composition might vary and shall be referred to BS EN 10025-2, BS EN 10149-2, BS EN 10149-3, BS EN 10268 and BS EN 10326.
2.4.4
Dimensional and mass tolerances
2.4.4.1 Dimensions
In general, the deviation in actual thickness from nominal plate thickness shall not exceed the larger of 0.3 mm and 10 %.
2.4.4.2 Mass
2.5
Non-preloaded bolting assemblies
This section covers structural bolting assemblies, which include the ISO metric hexagon bolts with the matching nuts and washers, used for non-preloaded or bearing type bolted connections. Bolts with thread size in the range of 5 mm to 68 mm; plain washers with or without chamfer, are covered in this section.
NOTE References for material performance requirements in this section include, in alphanumerical order, BS 4190, BS 4320, BS 5950-1, BS 5950-2, BS EN 20898-2 (ISO 898-2), BS EN ISO 898-1, BS EN ISO 4014, BS EN ISO 4016, BS EN ISO 4017, BS EN ISO 4018, BS EN ISO 4032, BS EN ISO 4033, BS EN ISO 4034 and BS EN ISO 7091.
2.5.1
The bolts may be produced by cold forging or hot forging; alloying or quenching and tempering shall be allowed to achieve higher strength; free cutting steel may be allowed for lower grades of bolts. The nuts may be produced by cold forging, hot forging or by turning from bar; alloying or quenching and tempering shall be allowed to achieve higher strength; free cutting steel may be allowed for lower grades of nuts. 12-2007 BCA Draft for Public Comment, 23 November 2007 9
BCA T-186/2007 The washers shall be made from mild steel.

2.5.2.1 Strength
For bolts, the nominal tensile strength shall be in the range of 300 N/mm2 to 1200 N/mm2; the recommended grades of non-preloaded bolts, and the corresponding nominal tensile and yield strengths, in accordance with the property class designation system of ISO 898-1 are given in Table 5.
NOTE The nominal strengths given in Table 5 shall not be used as the tension strength for design (see BS 5950-1).
Table 5 Recommended grades of non-preloaded bolts Grade of bolts Nominal tensile strength (N/mm2) Nominal yield strength (N/mm2)
4.6 8.8 10.9
400 800 1000
240 640 900
For nuts, the proof load stress shall be in the range of 400 N/mm2 to 1200 N/mm2; the recommended grades of nuts, and the corresponding proof load stress and the compatible grades of bolts, in accordance with the property class designation system of ISO 898-2 are given in Table 6.
NOTE Nuts of one class higher shall be used when overtapping of nut thread occurs due to the thick coating of bolts.
Table 6 Recommended grades of nuts in non-preloaded assemblies Grade of nuts Proof load stress (N/mm2) Compatible bolt grades
4 8 10
2.5.2.2 Ductility
400 800 1000
4.8 8.8 10.9
For bolts, the elongation after fracture on proportional gauge length shall be at least 8 %; the reduction in area after fracture shall be at least 45 %.
2.5.2.3 Hardness
The bolts and nuts of recommended grades shall be able to meet the one of the three hardness ranges given in Table 7 and Table 8, respectively; whereas the Vickers hardness of the washers shall be in between 100 HV to 200 HV.
Table 7 Hardness requirements for non-preloaded bolts Range of hardness Grade of bolts Vickers hardness (HV) Brinell hardness (HB) Rockwell hardness (HRB or HRC)
4.6 8.8 10.9
120 220 250 335 320 380
114 209 238 318 304 361
67 95 (HRB) 22 34 (HRC) 32 39 (HRC)
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Table 8 Hardness requirements for nuts in non-preloaded assembly Range of hardness Grade of nuts Vickers hardness (HV) 310 370 395 Brinell hardness (HB) 302 353 375 Rockwell hardness (HRC) 30 36 39
8 10 12
For bolts, based on product analysis, carbon content shall not exceed 0.55 %; maximum content of impurities shall be in accordance with the requirements given in Table 9.
Table 9 Chemical composition requirements for non-preloaded bolts based on product analysis Grade of bolts Maximum content (% by mass) P S
6.8a 8.8
0.050 0.035
0.060 0.035
a Free cutting steel may be allowed for these grades with the following maximum contents sulphur 0.34 %, phosphorous 0.11 % and lead 0.35 %. For nuts, based on product analysis, maximum content of carbon and impurities shall be in accordance with the requirements given in Table 9.
Table 10 Chemical composition requirements for nuts in non-preloaded assemblies based on product analysis Grade of nuts Maximum content (% by mass) C P S
6a 8 10 and 12
0.50 0.58 0.58
0.110 0.060 0.048
0.150 0.150 0.058
a Free cutting steel may be allowed for these grades with the following maximum contents sulphur 0.34 % and lead 0.35 %.
2.5.4 Dimensional tolerances
As a minimum, dimensional tolerances shall be in accordance with the corresponding standards which the bolts, nuts and washers are manufactured to.
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2.6
Preloaded bolting assemblies
This section covers structural bolting assemblies, which include the ISO metric hexagon bolts with the matching nuts and washers, used for preloaded or non-slip bolted connections. Bolts with thread size in the range of 12 mm to 36 mm; plain washers with or without chamfer and tension indicating washers, are covered in this section.
NOTE References for material performance requirements in this section include, in alphanumerical order, BS 4395-1, BS 4395-2, BS 4604-1, BS 4604-2, BS 5950-1, BS 5950-2, BS 7644-1, BS 7644-2, BS EN 14399-1, BS EN 14399-2, BS EN 14399-3, BS EN 14399-4, BS EN 14399-5, BS EN 14399-6, BS EN 20898-2 (ISO 898-2) and BS EN ISO 898-1.
2.6.1
The bolts shall be heat-treated under uniform conditions, and hardened by quenching and tempering. The nuts shall be heat-treated under uniform conditions, and hardened by quenching and tempering; free cutting steel shall not be allowed. The washers shall be hardened by quenching and tempering.
2.6.2.1 Strength
For bolts, the nominal tensile strength shall be in the range of 800 N/mm2 to 1200 N/mm2; the recommended grades of preloaded bolts, and the corresponding nominal tensile and yield strengths, in accordance with the property class designation system of ISO 898-1 are given in Table 11.
NOTE The nominal strengths given in Table 5 shall not be used as the tension strength for design (see BS 5950-1).
Table 11 Recommended grades of preloaded bolts Grade of bolts Nominal tensile strength (N/mm2) Nominal yield strength (N/mm2)
8.8 10.9
800 1000
640 900
For nuts, the proof load stress shall be in the range of 800 N/mm2 to 1200 N/mm2; the recommended grades of nuts, and the corresponding proof load stress and the compatible grades of bolts, in accordance with the property class designation system of ISO 898-2 are given in Table 12.
NOTE Nuts of one class higher shall be used when overtapping of nut thread occurs due to the thick coating of bolts.
Table 12 Recommended grades of nuts in preloaded assemblies Grade of nuts Proof load stress (N/mm2) Compatible bolt grades
8 10
2.6.2.2 Ductility
800 1000
8.8 or lower 10.9 or lower
For bolts, the elongation after fracture on proportional gauge length shall be at least 8 %.
2.6.2.3 Hardness
The bolts and nuts of recommended grades shall be able to meet the one of the three hardness ranges given in Table 13 and Table 14, respectively; whereas for the washers, either the Vickers hardness shall be in between 300 HV to 370 HV or the Rockwell hardness shall be in between 38 HRC to 45 HRC.
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Table 13 Hardness requirements for preloaded bolts Range of hardness Grade of bolts Vickers hardness (HV) Brinell hardness (HB) Rockwell hardness (HRC)
8.8 10.9
250 335 320 380
238 318 304 361
22 34 32 39
Table 14 Hardness requirements for nuts in preloaded assemblies Range of hardness Grade of nuts Vickers hardness (HV) Brinell hardness (HB) Rockwell hardness
8 10 12
175 310 258 370

395
166 302 248 353

375
88 HRB 30 HRC 24 HRC 36 HRC

39 HRC
For bolts, based on product analysis, carbon content shall not exceed 0.55 %; the maximum content of sulphur and phosphorus shall not exceed 0.06 % each. For nuts, based on product analysis, maximum content of carbon and impurities shall be in accordance with the requirements given in Table 15.
Table 15 Chemical composition requirements for nuts in preloaded assemblies based on product analysis Grade of nuts Maximum content (% by mass) C P S
8 10 and 12
2.6.4 Dimensional tolerances
0.58 0.58
0.060 0.048
0.150 0.058
As a minimum, dimensional tolerances shall be in accordance with the corresponding standards which the bolts, nuts and washers are manufactured to.
2.7
NOTE
Welding consumables
References for material performance requirements in this section include, in alphanumerical order, BS 5950-1, BS 5950-2, BS EN 440, BS EN 756, BS EN 758, BS EN 1597-1, BS EN 1668 and BS EN ISO 2560.
This section covers welding consumables, including electrodes, wires, rods and fluxes, used in arc welding.
2.7.1
NOTE
Mechanical properties
Multi run technique shall be referred to BS EN 1597-1 or equivalent.
The mechanical properties of the all-weld metal shall be obtained through multi run technique.
2.7.1.1 Strength
The nominal yield strength of the all-weld metal shall be in the range of 355 N/mm2 to 690 N/mm2.
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2.7.1.2 Ductility
The elongation after fracture of the all-weld metal on proportional gauge length of 5 times the specimen diameter shall be at least 15 %.
As a minimum, the all-weld metal shall be able to absorb at least 27 J of impact energy at 20 C.
2.8
Profiled steel sheets
This section covers profiled steel sheets with a thickness, exclusive of coatings, in the range of 0.7 mm to 5.0 mm for use in composite slabs through composite action.
NOTE References for material performance requirements in this section include, in alphanumerical order, BS 5950-4, BS 5950-6, BS 5950-7, BS EN 10143 and BS EN 10326.
2.8.1
The profiled steel sheets shall be continuously hot-dip zinc-coated with structural quality.
2.8.2.1 Strength
In general, based on ladle analysis, carbon content shall not exceed 0.25 % and content of each phosphorous and sulphur shall not exceed 0.05 % and 0.04 %, respectively.
2.8.4.1 Dimensions
In general, the deviation in actual thickness from nominal plate thickness shall not exceed the larger of 0.1 mm and 10 %.
2.8.4.2 Mass
2.9
Stud shear connectors
This section covers headed stud shear connectors used in transmitting the longitudinal shear between concrete and steel in composite beams and slabs. The shank diameter shall be in the range of 10 mm to 25 mm. The head diameter shall be at least 1.5 times the shank diameter; whereas the head depth shall be at least 0.4 times the shank diameter.
NOTE References for material performance requirements in this section include, in alphanumerical order, BS 5950-3.1 and BS EN ISO 13918.
2.9.1
The stud shear connectors shall be made from mild steel or stainless steel.
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2.9.2.1 Strength
The nominal tensile strength shall be at least 400 N/mm2.

2.9.2.2 Ductility

2.9.3
Dimensional tolerances
As a minimum, dimensional tolerances shall be in accordance with the corresponding standards which the shear connectors are manufactured to.
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Section 3. Quality assurance requirements

The actual performance and compliance of the alternative steel materials with the nominal specifications stipulated in their respective national standards and material performance requirements from Section 2 shall be substantiated by a quality assurance system acceptable to BCA. A manufacturer with an acceptable quality assurance system shall establish a production control system attested with a certificate issued by a certification agency (see 3.1) and shall provide sufficient guarantee to the purchasers with appropriate test certificates (see 3.2).
3.1
Factory production control
The manufacturer shall establish, document and maintain a factory production control (FPC) system to ensure the conformity of the products to the nominal specifications. Such system shall consist of written procedures, regular inspections and tests and/or assessments and the use of the results to control feedstock materials, equipment, personnel, the production process and the products, in accordance with the relevant performance requirements (see Section 2). As a minimum, the production control system shall meet the requirements in 3.1.1, 3.1.2, 3.1.3, 3.1.4, 3.1.5 and 3.1.6 through attestation by an independent third-party certification agency acceptable to or recognized by BCA on the basis of; first, initial inspection on the system after receiving and analyzing the complete set of manuals of production control system submitted by the manufacturers; second, continuous surveillance and assessment of the production control system through inspection carried out at least once a year. Certificates of factory production control system, issued by the independent third-party certification agencies acceptable to or recognized by BCA, shall form the acceptable indicator for an attested factory production control system.
3.1.1 Feedstock materials
The source of feedstock and/or raw materials shall be well-documented for a period of at least 7 years to ensure the full traceability of the products. The specifications of all incoming feedstock and/or raw materials and the relevant inspection scheme to ensure their conformity shall be documented in accordance with the manufacturers written procedures.
3.1.2 Equipment
All equipment used in the manufacturing process shall be regularly inspected and maintained to ensure consistency in the manufacturing process and the product quality; all weighing, measuring and testing equipment for quality control shall be in accordance with the standards listed in Appendix B or the equivalent standards, regularly inspected and calibrated to ensure the reliability and accuracy of results. Such inspections, maintenances and calibrations shall be carried out and documented in accordance with the manufacturers written procedures.
3.1.3 Personnel
Qualifications of personnel involved in NDT, process affecting product quality and conformity, based on relevant education, training, skills and experience, shall be assessed and documented in the manufacturers written procedures. The responsibilities of personnel managing, performing or verifying work affecting product quality and conformity, and their inter-relationship, shall be clearly defined.
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3.1.4 Product testing
The manufacturer shall establish testing procedures to ensure conformity of the products to the nominal specifications. The testing shall be performed in accordance with the standards listed in Appendix B or the equivalent standards.
3.1.4.1 Initial type testing
Initial type testing shall be carried out under the sole responsibility of the manufacturer before the products are made available in the market and upon the introduction of changes to the manufacturing process which may affect the product characteristics. As a minimum, the initial type testing shall include the experimental and/or theoretical evaluation of the product characteristics corresponding to the relevant performance requirements (see Section 2).
3.1.4.2 Routine testing
Routine testing shall be carried out by the manufacturer in accordance with the manufacturers written procedures.
3.1.4.3 Specific testing
Specific testing, upon request at the time of order, shall be carried out by authorized inspection representative independent of the manufacturing department prior to delivery to ensure the products to be supplied conform to the nominal specifications and additional requirements made at the time of order.
3.1.5 Product marking
The products shall be properly marked using methods like painting, stamping, laser marking, bar coding, durable adhesive labels or attached tags with the product specifications, particulars of manufacturer and any other essential information. Information corresponding to the relevant material performance requirements given in Section 2 and Appendix B shall be attached in the form of test certificates (see 3.2). For bolts to be used for structural purpose, every individual bolt must be properly marked to clearly indicate the grade.
3.1.6 Non-conforming products
The manufacturer shall establish appropriate actions to be taken against products not conforming to the nominal specifications. Occurrence of such non-conformity shall be documented in accordance with the manufacturers written procedures.
3.2
Manufacturer test certificates
Testing, including inspections, conducted by the manufacturers shall be substantiated by test certificates. As a minimum, testing shall be conducted by a department independent from the production department, within the manufacturers organization. Upon the request of the purchasers or BCA, certificates issued by an independent third party inspection agency shall also be produced. As a minimum, quality assurance shall be provided by the manufacturers with manufacturer test certificates containing information given in 3.2.1, 3.2.2, 3.2.3, 3.2.4, 3.2.5 and 3.2.6.
3.2.1 Information of manufacturer
The manufacturers name, contact information and company registration number shall be indicated clearly in the test certificate.
3.2.2 Reference details
The number of purchase order, reference number and date of issue shall be indicated clearly in the test certificate.
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3.2.3 Material specifications
The number of material standard and the grade, name or code of material supplied, and/or other useful information about the material supplied, shall be indicated clearly in the test certificate.
3.2.4 Information for traceability
The heat number and batch number of the feedstock materials shall be indicated clearly in the test certificate.
3.2.5 Test results
The test results, which are corresponding and conforming to the relevant material performance requirements (see Section 2 and Appendix B), shall be indicated clearly in the test certificate. Use of the test results of feedstock materials shall be clearly indicated, if any.
3.2.6 Authentication
The test certificate shall be authenticated with the manufacturers company stamp.
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Section 4. Classification of alternative steel materials

Classification of alternative steel materials is necessary to determine whether these materials shall be allowed in the structural design based on BS 5950 with or without any restriction. The adequacy and reliability of alternative steel materials shall be verified against the material performance requirements (see Section 2) as well as the quality assurance requirements (see Section 3), respectively, in the entire process of classification.
4.1
Adequacy assessment
The adequacy of alternative steel materials shall be verified against the material performance requirements. Certification and material testing are the two possible methods to verify the adequacy of alternative steel materials.
4.1.1 Certification
Certification is the process of rigorous evaluation of the specifications given in the British/European, American, Japanese, Australian/New Zealand and Chinese material standards, against the essential material performance requirements. The purpose of certification is to derive lists of certified steel materials as defined in 1.3.5. Only those materials with their specifications complying with the relevant material performance requirements are included in the lists.
4.1.2 Material testing
Material testing is the process of verifying the adequacy of non-certified steel materials, during the design stage prior to material procurement, through appropriate sampling rates and test methods as given in Appendix B.
NOTE Material testing for the purpose of adequacy assessment during the design stage shall not exempt the purchasers from performing the obligatory inspection and testing in accordance with appropriate regulations.
4.2
Reliability assessment
The reliability of alternative steel materials shall be verified against the quality assurance requirements. Two types of certificates are required to verify the reliability of alternative steel materials. Failure of the manufacturer to produce either one of the certificates given in 4.2.1 or 4.2.2 is considered not meeting the quality assurance requirements.
4.2.1 Factory production control certificates
The manufacturer shall produce a factory production control (FPC) certificate issued by an independent third-party certification agency acceptable to or recognized by BCA as an attestation of the factory production control system in meeting the requirements given in 3.1. The purchaser shall obtain a validated copy of such certificate directly from the manufacturer or through the stockist or trader.
4.2.2 Manufacturer test certificates
The manufacturer shall produce an authenticated test certificate (see 3.2) as an additional layer of quality assurance on the alternative steel materials delivered. The purchaser shall obtain such certificate directly from the manufacturer or a validated copy of such certificate through the stockist or trader. In both cases, the quantity of steel materials actually supplied to the purchaser shall be clearly indicated.
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4.3
Classification procedure
The complete classification procedure of alternative steel materials shall follow the flow represented by the overall framework shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Overall framework for classification of alternative steel materials
Alternative steel materials shall be classified based on the verification against material performance requirements and quality assurance requirements, see Figure 1, into three classes Class 1, Class 2 and Class 3, as defined in 4.3.1, 4.3.2 and 4.3.3.
4.3.1 Class 1 alternative steel materials
Class 1 alternative steel materials are certified steel materials manufactured with approved quality assurance.
NOTE Only materials in the list of certified materials can be qualified as Class 1 alternative steel materials, depending on the quality assurance provided by the manufacturers.
4.3.2
Class 2 alternative steel materials
Class 2 alternative steel materials are non-certified steel materials which meet the material performance requirements through material testing, and are manufactured with approved quality assurance.
NOTE Materials not in the list of certified materials can only be qualified as Class 2 alternative steel materials, depending on the quality assurance provided by the manufacturers.
4.3.3
Class 3 alternative steel materials
Class 3 alternative steel materials are steel materials which do not meet at least one of the two requirements material performance requirements and quality assurance requirements.
4.4
Special case
As an alternative to 4.3 and on a case-by-case basis subject to approval by BCA, the steel material may be treated as Class 2 status if its adequacy and reliability can be guaranteed through rigorous material control and testing plans on site. As a minimum, such written plan should comprise at least 100% material inspection and non-destructive testing, 100% destructive testing for all batches and heat numbers, test report from accredited laboratory and material compliance report from an independent expert consultant.
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Section 5. Design recommendations

This section covers the design recommendations on the use of three different classes of alternative steel materials, as defined in 4.3.1, 4.3.2 and 4.3.3, to BS 5950. The major design parameters and equations are given in 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3 whereas other properties which are common to all three classes of alternative steel materials are given in 5.4.
5.1
Design recommendations on Class 1 alternative steel materials
This section covers the design guide on Class 1 alternative steel materials, which are in the lists of certified steel materials in Appendix A and are in compliance with the quality assurance requirements (see Section 3).
5.1.1 Class 1 structural steel
This section covers the design strength of Class 1 steel plates, hot-rolled sections, hollow sections and steel for cold forming. The design strength py of Class 1 structural steel shall be computed using the following equation. Design strength: or
py = Ys 1.0
Us or 460 N/mm2 ; 1.2
Ys 690 N/mm 2 for steel plates with nominal yield strength of at 1.0 least 460 N/mm2, where plastic design shall not be allowed. py =
The design strengths corresponding to different steel grades are given in Table 16, Table 17, Table 18, Table 19 and Table 20.
NOTE For rolled sections, the specified thickness of the thickest element of the cross-section shall be used.
Table 16 Design strengths of British/European (BS EN) structural steels Grade Design strength py (N/mm2), for thickness (mm) less than or equal to 16 40 63 80 100 150
S235 S275 S355 S420 S460 S460a S500a S550a S620a S690a
235 275 355 420 460 460 500 550 620 690
225 265 345 400 440 460 500 550 620 690
215 255 335 390 430 440 480 530 580 650
215 245 325 370 410 440 480 530 580 650
215 235 315 360 400 440 480 530 580 650
195 225 295 340 380 400 440 490 560 630
a Quenched and tempered steel for steel plates only, plastic design shall not be allowed.
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Table 17 Design strengths of American (ASTM and API) structural steels Grade in Designation metric [imperial] Design strength py (N/mm2), for thickness (mm) less than or equal to 20 32 40 50 65 100
ASTM structural steels A 36 A 242 250 [36] 345 [50] 290 [42] 345 [50] A 572 380 [55] 415 [60] 450 [65] A 588 345 [50] 250 [36] A 709 345 [50] 485 [70]a 690 [100] a A 792 A 852 230 [33] 485 [70] a 230 [33] 255 [37] A 875 275 [40] 345 [50] 410 [60] A 945 A 992 345 [50] 450 [65] 345 [50] 205 [30] 210 [31] 230 [33] A 1008 240 [35] 310 [45] 340 [50] 410 [60] 250 345 290 345 380 415 450 345 250 345 485 690 230 485 230 255 275 345 410 345 450 345 205 210 230 240 310 340 410 250 345 290 345 380 415 450 345 250 345 485 690 485 345 450 345 250 345 290 345 380 345 250 345 485 690 485 345 450 345 250 345 290 345 380 345 250 345 485 690 485 345 450 345 250 345 290 345 345 250 345 485 690 485 450 345 250 345 290 345 345 250 345 485 690 485 345 -
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Grade in Designation metric [imperial] Design strength py (N/mm2), for thickness (mm) less than or equal to 20 32 40 50 65 100
205 [30] 230 [33] A 1011 250 [36] 310 [45] 340 [50] API 5L (PSL 2) structural steels Grade B Grade X42 Grade X46 Grade X52 Grade X56 Grade X60 Grade X65
205 230 250 310 340
241 290 317 359 386 414 448
241 290 317 359 386 414 448
241 290 317 359 386 414 448
a For steel plates only, plastic design shall not be allowed.

Table 18 Design strengths of Japanese (JIS) structural steels Grade Design strength py (N/mm2), for thickness t (mm) in the range 6 t < 12 12 t < 16 t = 16 16 < t 40 40 < t 100
SN 400 B SN 400 C SN 490 B SN 490 C
235 325 -
235 325 -
235 235 325 325
235 235 325 325
215 215 295 295
Table 19 Design strengths of Australian/New Zealand (AS/NZS) structural steels Grade Design strength py (N/mm2), for thickness (mm) less than or equal to 8 12 20 32 50 80 150
3678-250-L15 3678-300-L15 3678-350-L15 3678-400-L15 3678-450-L15 3679-250
250 300 350 400 450 250
250 300 350 400 450 250
250 300 350 380 450 250
250 280 340 360 420 250
250 280 340 360 400 230
240 280 340 360 -
240 280 330 -
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007
Design strength py (N/mm2), for thickness (mm) less than or equal to 8 12 20 32 50 80 150
Grade
3679-350 3679-400 1163-C250 1163-C275 1163-C300 1163-C350 1163-C400 1163-C450
350 400 250 275 300 350 400 450
340 400 250 275 300 350 400 450
340 380 -
340 380 -
330 -
Table 20 Design strengths of Chinese (GB) structural steels Grade Design strength py (N/mm2), for thickness (mm) less than or equal to 16 35 50 100 150
Q235 Q275 Q295 Q345a Q345b Q355c Q390 Q420 Q460
235 275 295 345 325 355 390 420 460
225 265 275 325 315 345 370 400 440
215 255 255 295 305 335 350 380 420
215 245 235 275 325 330 360 400
195 225 -
a Not applicable to Q345 for seamless hollow sections manufactured to GB/T 8162. b Only applicable to Q345 for seamless hollow sections manufactured to GB/T 8162. c Only applicable to weathering steel Q355NH manufactured to GB/T 4172.
5.1.2 Class 1 non-preloaded bolted connections
This section covers the design strengths of Class 1 non-preloaded bolts and the recommended combinations of matching components in non-preloaded bolting assemblies. The design strengths corresponding to different bolt grades are given in Table 21, Table 22, Table 23, Table 24 and Table 25.
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007
Table 21 Design strengths of British/European (BS EN) non-preloaded bolts Grade Shear strength ps (N/mm2) Bearing strength pbb (N/mm2) Tension strength pt (N/mm2)
4.6 8.8 10.9
160 375 400
460 1000 1300
240 560 700
Table 22 Design strengths of American (ASTM) non-preloaded bolts Grade Shear strength ps (N/mm2) Bearing strength pbb (N/mm2) Tension strength pt (N/mm2)
Grade B (ASTM A 307)
165
310
232.5
Table 23 Design strengths of Japanese (JIS) non-preloaded bolts Grade Shear strength ps (N/mm2) Bearing strength pbb (N/mm2) Tension strength pt (N/mm2)
3.6 4.6, 4.8 5.6, 5.8 6.8 8.8 9.8 10.9 12.9
120 160 200 240 320 360 400 480
336 448 560 756 1008 1134 1330 1596
210 280 350 420 560 630 700 840
Table 24 Design strengths of Australian/New Zealand (AS) non-preloaded bolts Grade Shear strength ps (N/mm2) Bearing strength pbb (N/mm2) Tension strength pt (N/mm2)
3.6 4.8 5.8 6.8 8.8 10.8
186 248 310 372 496 620
336 360 448 672 896 1120
300 400 500 600 800 1000
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007
Table 25 Design strengths of Chinese (GB) non-preloaded bolts Grade Shear strength ps (N/mm2) Bearing strength pbb (N/mm2) Tension strength pt (N/mm2)
4.6 8.8 10.9
125 250 310
320 720 930
200 400 500
The recommended combinations of matching components in non-preloaded bolting assemblies are given in Table 26, Table 27, Table 28, Table 29 and Table 30.
Table 26 Recommended combinations of British/European (BS EN) non-preloaded bolting assemblies Grade of bolt Grade of nut Grade of washer
4.6 8.8 10.9
4 for d > M16; 5 for d M16 8; 10 for overtapped nut thread 10; 12 for overtapped nut thread 100 HV
Table 27 Recommended combinations of American (ASTM) non-preloaded bolting assemblies Grade of bolt Class of nut Grade of washer
Grade B (ASTM A 307)
4 to 10, 12, 16
Type 1 and Type 3
Table 28 Recommended combinations of Japanese (JIS) non-preloaded bolting assemblies Grade of bolt Class of nut Style 1 Style 2 Grade of washer
3.6, 4.6, 4.8 for d > M16 3.6, 4.6, 4.8 for d M16 5.6, 5.8 for d M39 6.8 for d M39 8.8 for d M39 9.8 for d M16 10.9 for d M39 12.9 for d M39
1 for d > M16 5 for d M39 5 for d M39 6 for d M39 8 for d M39 10 for d M39 12 for d M16
8 for d > M16; 8 for d M39 9 for d M16 12 for d M39 Product Grade A and C
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007
Table 29 Recommended combinations of Australian/New Zealand (AS/NZS) non-preloaded bolting assemblies Grade of bolt Class of nut Grade of washer
3.6 4.8 5.8 6.8 8.8 10.8
4 4 5 6 8 10 AS/NZS 1252
Table 30 Recommended combinations of Chinese (GB) non-preloaded bolting assemblies Grade of bolt Grade of nut Grade of washer
4.6 8.8 10.9

5.1.3
4 for d > M16; 5 for d M16 8; 10 for overtapped nut thread 10; 12 for overtapped nut thread 100 HV
Class 1 preloaded bolted connections
This section covers the design strengths of Class 1 preloaded bolts and the recommended combinations of matching components in preloaded bolting assemblies. The design strengths corresponding to different bolt grades are given in Table 31, Table 32, Table 33, Table 34 and Table 35.
Table 31 Design strengths of British/European (BS EN) preloaded bolts Grade Shear strength ps (N/mm2) Tension strength pt (N/mm2)
8.8 10.9
375 400
560 700
Table 32 Design strengths of American (ASTM) preloaded bolts Grade Shear strength ps (N/mm2) Tension strength pt (N/mm2)
Grade BC (ASTM A 354) Grade BD (ASTM A 354)
344 for d 62.5 mm; 316 for d > 62.5 mm 413 for d 62.5 mm; 386 for d > 62.5 mm
645 for d 62.5 mm; 594 for d > 62.5 mm 775 for d 62.5 mm; 723 for d > 62.5 mm
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007
Table 33 Design strengths of Japanese (JIS) preloaded bolts Grade Shear strength ps (N/mm2) Tension strength pt (N/mm2)
F8T F10T F11T
387 484 532
571 713 785
Table 34 Design strengths of Australian/New Zealand (AS) preloaded bolts Grade Shear strength ps (N/mm2) Tension strength pt (N/mm2)
8.8 10.9 12.9
496 620 744
800 1000 1200
Table 35 Design strengths of Chinese (GB) preloaded bolts Grade Shear strength ps (N/mm2) Tension strength pt (N/mm2)
8.8 10.9
250 310
400 500
The recommended combinations of matching components in preloaded bolting assemblies are given in Table 36, Table 37, Table 38, Table 39 and Table 40.
Table 36 Recommended combinations of British/European (BS EN) preloaded bolting assemblies Grade of bolt Grade of nut Grade of washer
8.8 10.9
8 10
300 370 HV
Table 37 Recommended combinations of American (ASTM) preloaded bolting assemblies Grade of bolt Grade of nut Grade of washer
All
Class 8S3-C or 8S3-D
Type 1 or Type 3
Table 38 Recommended combinations of Japanese (JIS) preloaded bolting assemblies Grade of bolt Grade of nut Grade of washer
F8T (Class 1 set) F10T (Class 2 set) F11T (Class 3 set) F10 F35
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007
Table 39 Recommended combinations of Australian/New Zealand (AS/NZS) preloaded bolting assemblies Grade of bolt Grade of nut Grade of washer
8.8 10.9 12.9
8 10 12 AS/NZS 1252
Table 40 Recommended combinations of Chinese (GB) preloaded bolting assemblies Grade of bolt Grade of nut Grade of washer
8.8Sa 10.9Sa a Equivalent to grades 8.8 and 10.9 in Table 31.

5.1.4 Class 1 fillet welds
8H 10H
35 45 HRC
This section covers the design strength fillet welds made of Class 1 welding consumables. The design strengths of fillet welds corresponding to different welding consumable grades are given in Table 41, Table 42, Table 43, Table 44 and Table 45.
Table 41 Design strengths of fillet weld made of British/European (BS EN) welding consumables Grade Tensile strength Ue (N/mm2) Design strength pw (N/mm2)
35 38 42 46 50
440 470 500 530 560 0.50Ue 0.55Us Us = tensile strength of parent metal
Table 42 Design strengths of fillet weld made of American (AWS) welding consumables Grade Tensile strength Ue (N/mm2) Design strength pw (N/mm2)
E49XX
490
400
Table 43 Design strengths of fillet weld made of Japanese (JIS) welding consumables Grade Tensile strength Ue (N/mm2) Design strength pw (N/mm2)
D43xx D50xx D53xx
450 510 600
225 255 300
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007
Table 44 Design strengths of fillet weld made of Australian/New Zealand (AS) welding consumables Grade Tensile strength Ue (N/mm2) Design strength pw (N/mm2)
E43xx E49xx E55xx E57xx
430 490 550 570
258 294 330 342
Table 45 Design strengths of fillet weld made of Chinese (GB) welding consumables Grade Tensile strength Ue (N/mm2) Design strength pw (N/mm2)
43 50 55
5.1.5 Class 1 profiled steel sheets
420 490 540
160 200 220
This section covers the design strength of Class 1 profiled steel sheets. The design strengths corresponding to different steel grades are given in Table 46, Table 47, Table 48, Table 49 and Table 50.
Table 46 Design strengths of British/European (BS EN) profiled steel sheets Grade Tensile strength Us (N/mm2) Design strength py (N/mm2)
In composite slab
As formwork
S220GD S250GD S280GD S320GD S350GD S550GD
220 250 280 320 350 550 0.93Us 0.84Us
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007
Table 47 Design strengths of American (ASTM) profiled steel sheets Grade Tensile strength Us (N/mm2) Design strength py (N/mm2)
In composite slab
As formwork
210 240 275 280 300 340 410
210 240 275 280 300 340 410

Table 48 Design strengths of Japanese (JIS) profiled steel sheets
0.93Us
0.84Us
Grade
Tensile strength Us (N/mm2)
Design strength py (N/mm2)
In composite slab
As formwork
SGH340, SGC340 SGH400, SGC400 SGH440, SGC440 SGH490, SGC490 SGH540
340 400 440 490 540 0.93Us 0.84Us
Table 49 Design strengths of Australian/New Zealand (AS/NZS) profiled steel sheets Grade Tensile strength Us (N/mm2) Design strength py (N/mm2)
In composite slab
As formwork
250 300 350 400 450 500 550
250 300 350 400 450 500 550 0.93Us 0.84Us
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007
Table 50 Design strengths of Chinese (GB) profiled steel sheets Grade Tensile strength Us (N/mm2) Design strength py (N/mm2)
In composite slab
As formwork
220 (structural grade) 250 (structural grade) 280 (structural grade) 320 (structural grade) 350 (structural grade) 400 (structural grade) 500 (structural grade) 550 (structural grade)
5.1.6
220 250 280 320 350 400 500 550 0.93Us 0.84Us
Class 1 stud shear connectors
This section covers the characteristic resistance of Class 1 stud shear connectors. The characteristic resistance of stud shear connectors shall be computed using the following equation. Characteristic resistance: where =
h= d= fcu = Ec = fu =
h 0.2 + 1 1 d
Q k = 0.29d 2 0.8 f cu E c
for
0. 8 f u
d 2
4
h 3; d
overall as-welded height of stud shear connector; shank diameter of stud shear connector; cube compressive strength of concrete; modulus of elasticity of concrete; tensile strength of stud shear connector, but not greater than 450 N/mm2.
The tensile strengths of stud shear connectors manufactured to EN, ASTM, JIS, AS/NZS and GB are given in Table 51.
Table 51 Tensile strengths of British/European (BS EN), American (AWS), Japanese (JIS), Australian/New Zealand (AS/NZS) and Chinese (GB) stud shear connectors Material standards Tensile strength fu (N/mm2)
BS EN ISO 13918 AWS D 1.1 (Type B) JIS B 1198 AS/NZS 1554.2 GB/T 10433
450 450 400 410 400
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007
5.2
This section covers the design guide on Class 2 alternative steel materials, which are not in the lists of certified steel materials (see Appendix A) but are in compliance with both the material performance requirements (see Section 2) through material testing and quality assurance requirements (see Section 3).
This section covers the design strength of Class 2 steel plates, hot-rolled sections, hollow sections and steel for cold forming. The basic design strength pyo corresponding to the thickness not greater than 16 mm shall be computed using the following equation. Basic design strength:
p yo = Ys 1.1
Us or 460 N/mm 2 1.3
The design strengths corresponding to different thickness are given in Table 52.
Table 52 Design strengths of Class 2 structural steels Design strength py, for thicknessa (mm) less than or equal to 16 40 63 80 100 150
pyo =
Ys 1.1
U s or 460 N/mm 2 1.3
0.95pyo
0.92pyo
0.90pyo
0.85pyo
0.80pyo
a For rolled sections, used the specified thickness of the thickest element of the cross-section.
This section covers the design strengths of Class 2 non-preloaded bolts and the recommended combinations of matching components in non-preloaded bolting assemblies. The design strengths corresponding to different bolt grades are given in Table 53.
Table 53 Design strengths of Class 2 non-preloaded bolts Tensile strength Yield strength Shear strength ps Bearing strength pbb Tension strength pt
Ub 1000 N/mm2
Yb
0.3Ub
0.5(Ub + Yb)
0.5Ub Yb
The recommended combinations of matching components in non-preloaded bolting assemblies are given in Table 54.
Table 54 Recommended combinations of Class 2 non-preloaded bolting assemblies Tensile strength of bolt Proof load of nut Hardness of washer
Ub 1000 N/mm2
5.2.3
Ub
100 HV (or equivalent hardness)
Class 2 preloaded bolted connections
This section covers the design strengths of Class 2 preloaded bolts and the recommended combinations of matching components in preloaded bolting assemblies. The design strengths corresponding to different bolt grades are given in Table 55. 12-2007 BCA Draft for Public Comment, 23 November 2007 33
BCA T-186/2007
Table 55 Design strengths of Class 2 preloaded bolts Tensile strength Yield strength Shear strength ps Tension strength pt
Ub 1000 N/mm2
Yb
0.3Ub
0.5Ub Yb
The recommended combinations of matching components in preloaded bolting assemblies are given in Table 56.
Table 56 Recommended combinations of Class 2 preloaded bolting assemblies Tensile strength of bolt Proof load of nut Hardness of washer
Ub 1000 N/mm2
Ub
300 HV (or equivalent hardness)
This section covers the design strength fillet welds made of Class 2 welding consumables. The design strength of fillet weld shall be computed using the following equation. Design strength of fillet weld: p w = 0.4U e
0.45U s
where Ue = tensile strength of all-weld metal, but not greater than 550 N/mm2
Us = tensile strength of parent metal

This section covers the design strength of Class 2 profiled steel sheets. The design strength of profiled steel sheets shall be computed using the following equations. Design strength:
p y = 0.85U s in composite slab;

p y = 0.75U s as formwork
where Us = tensile strength of profiled steel sheets, but not greater than 450 N/mm2
5.2.6 Class 2 stud shear connectors
This section covers the characteristic resistance of Class 2 stud shear connectors. The characteristic resistance of stud shear connectors shall be computed using the following equation. Characteristic resistance: where = h= d= fcu = Ec = fu =
h 0.2 + 1 1 d
Q k = 0.25d 2 0.8 f cu E c
0.6 f u
d 2
4
for
h 3; d
overall as-welded height of stud shear connector; shank diameter of stud shear connector; cube compressive strength of concrete; modulus of elasticity of concrete; tensile strength of stud shear connector, but not greater than 450 N/mm2.
5.3
This section covers the design guide on Class 3 alternative steel materials, which are not in compliance with at least one of the material performance requirements (see Section 2) or quality assurance requirements (see Section 3).
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007
This section covers the design strength of Class 3 steel plates, hot-rolled sections, hollow sections and steel for cold forming. The use of Class 3 structural steel is to be restricted to non-structural purpose. The basic design strength pyO corresponding to the thickness not greater than 16 mm shall be taken as 170 N/mm2. The design strengths corresponding to different thickness are given in Table 57.
Table 57 Design strengths of Class 3 structural steels Design strength py (N/mm2), for thicknessa (mm) less than or equal to 16 40 63 80 100 150
170
160
155
150
145
135
a For rolled sections, used the specified thickness of the thickest element of the cross-section.
Structural connections shall not be made of Class 3 steel materials.

5.3.3 Class 3 preloaded bolted connections


This section covers the design strength of Class 3 profiled steel sheets. The design strength of profiled steel sheets shall be taken as 150 N/mm2.
5.3.6 Class 3 stud shear connectors
5.4
Other properties
Modulus of elasticity: Shear modulus: Poissons ratio: Coefficient of linear thermal expansion (in the ambient temperature range): Density:
E = 205 000 N/mm 2
G= 2(1 + ) E
Unless otherwise stated, the following design values shall be used for steel materials wherever applicable.
= 0.30
= 12 10 6 per C
= 7 850 kg/m 3
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007
Appendix A Lists of certified steel materials

This appendix only covers certified steel materials manufactured to certain British/European standards (BS EN), American standards (API, ASTM and AWS), Japanese standards (JIS), Australian/New Zealand standards (AS/NZS and AS) and Chinese standards (GB), and shall be updated in accordance with the latest version of the respective standards.
NOTE Depending on the quality assurance provided by the manufacturer, materials in this appendix can be either Class 1 or Class 3.
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007
A.1
A.1.1
Certified British/European steel materials

Certified British/European steel plates
Any combination of steel grades manufactured to:BS EN 10025-2:2004 S235JR S235J0 S235J2 S275JR S275J0 S275J2 S355JR S355J0 S355J2 S355K2 or S355N S355NL S420N S420NL S460N S460NL or
S460ML
or BS EN 10025-5:2004 S235J0W S235J2W S355J0WP S355J2WP S355J0W S355J2W S355K2W
BS EN 10025-4:2004 S275M S275ML S355M or S355ML BS EN 10025-6:2004 BS EN 10025-3:2004 S420M S460Q S275N S420ML S460QL S275NL S460M with dimensional and/or mass tolerances in accordance with:BS EN 10029:1991 Class A Class B Class C Class D or BS EN 10051:1992 Category A Category B
A.1.2 Certified British/European hot rolled sections
S460QL1 S500Q S500QL S500QL1 S550Q S550QL S550QL1 S620Q S620QL S620QL1 S690Q S690QL S690QL1
Any combination of steel grades manufactured to:BS EN 10025-2:2004 S235JR S235J0 S235J2 S275JR S275J0 S275J2 S355JR S355J0 S355J2 S355K2 or BS EN 10025-3:2004 S275N S275NL S355N S355NL S420N S420NL S460N S460NL or BS EN 10025-4:2004 S275M S275ML S355M S355ML S420M S420ML S460M S460ML or BS EN 10025-5:2004 S235J0W S235J2W S355J0WP S355J2WP S355J0W S355J2W S355K2W
with dimensional and/or mass tolerances in accordance with:BS EN 10024:1995, BS EN 10034:1993, BS EN 10055:1996, BS EN 10056-1:1999 or BS EN 10279:2000
A.1.3 Certified British/European hollow sections S275J2H S275NH S275NLH S355J0H S355J2H S355K2H S355NH S355NLH S420NH
Either any combination of steel grades manufactured to:BS EN 10210-1:2006 S235JRH S275J0H
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007
S420NLH S460NH S460NLH
with dimensional and/or mass tolerances in accordance with:BS EN 10210-2:2006 Or any combination of steel grades manufactured to:BS EN 10219-1:2006 S235JRH S275J0H S275J2H S275MH S275MLH BS EN 10219-2:2006
A.1.4 Certified British/European steel for cold forming S235J2 S275JR S275J0 S275J2 S355J0 S355J2 S355K2
S275NH S275NLH S355J0H S355J2H S355K2H S355MH
S355MLH S355NH S355NLH S420MH S420MLH S460MH
S460MLH S460NH S460NLH
with dimensional and/or mass tolerances in accordance with:-
Any combination of steel grades manufactured to:BS EN 10025-2:2004 S235JR S235J0 BS EN 10051:1992
A.1.5 Certified British/European non-preloaded bolting assemblies
Bolts manufactured to: BS EN ISO 4014:2001 BS EN ISO 4016:2001 BS EN ISO 4017:2001 BS EN ISO 4018:2001 Nuts manufactured to: BS EN ISO 4032:2001 BS EN ISO 4033:2001 BS EN ISO 4034:2001 Washers manufactured to: BS EN ISO 7091:2000
A.1.6 Certified British/European preloaded bolting assemblies
Bolts manufactured to: BS EN 14399-3:2005 BS EN 14399-4:2005 Nuts manufactured to: BS EN 14399-3:2005 BS EN 14399-4:2005 Washers manufactured to: BS EN 14399-5:2005 BS EN 14399-6:2005
A.1.7 Certified British/European welding consumables
Welding consumables, which result in all-weld metals meeting material performance requirements in 2.7, and manufactured to: BS EN 440:1995 Draft for Public Comment, 23 November 2007 38 12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007

BS EN 756:2004 BS EN 758:1997 BS EN 1668:1997 BS EN ISO 2560:2005

Certified British/European profiled steel sheets
A.1.8
Any combination of steel grades manufactured to:BS EN 10326:2004 S220GD S250GD S280GD S320GD S350GD S550GD with dimensional and/or mass tolerances in accordance with:BS EN 10143:2006
A.1.9 Certified British/European stud shear connectors
Stud shear connectors manufactured to:BS EN ISO 13918:1998
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007
A.2
A.2.1
Certified American steel materials

Certified American steel plates Grade 380 Grade 415 Grade 450 or Grade K
Any combination of steel grades manufactured to:ASTM A 362004* or ASTM A 2422004* or ASTM A 5722004* Grade 290 Grade 345
NOTE
or ASTM A 7092005 Grade 250F* Grade 345F* Grade 485F Grade 690F or
ASTM A 8522001 or ASTM A 9452006 Grade 345 Grade 450
ASTM A 5882004* Grade A Grade B Grade C
*Copper content should not exceed 0.6 %, based on ladle analysis.
with dimensional and/or mass tolerances in accordance with:ASTM A 62005**

NOTE **Thickness of plate is less than 101 mm.
A.2.2
Certified American hot-rolled sections Grade 415 Grade 450 Grade C Grade K
Any combination of steel grades manufactured to:ASTM A 362004* or ASTM A 5722004* Grade 290 Grade 345 Grade 380
NOTE
or ASTM A 9922006
or ASTM A 5882004* Grade A Grade B
or ASTM A 7092005* Grade 250F Grade 345F
*Copper content should not exceed 0.6 % and sulphur content should not exceed 0.045 %, based on ladle analysis.

NOTE **At least one dimension should be higher than 75 mm.
A.2.3
Certified American hollow sections
Any combination of steel grades manufactured to:API 5L2004 Grade B-PSL 2 Grade X42-PSL 2 Grade X46-PSL 2 Grade X52-PSL 2 Grade X56-PSL 2 Grade X60-PSL 2 Grade X65-PSL 2 with dimensional and/or mass tolerances in accordance with:API 5L2004
A.2.4 Certified American steel for cold forming
Any combination of steel grades manufactured to:-
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007 ASTM A 10112004 Grade SS 205 Grade SS 230 Grade SS 250 Grade HSLAS 310 Cl1, Cl2 Grade HSLAS 340 Cl2 Grade HSLAS-F 310
Grade HSLAS-F 340 Grade HSLAS-F 340 Grade HSLAS-F 410 Grade SHS 210 Grade SHS 240 Grade BHS 210 Grade BHS 240 or
or ASTM A 10082006 Grade SS 205 Grade SS 230 Grade HSLAS 310 Grade HSLAS 340 Cl2
ASTM A 7922005 Grade SS 230 or ASTM A 8752002a Grade SS 230 Grade SS 255 Grade SS 275 Grade HSLAS 340 Grade HSLAS 410
with dimensional and/or mass tolerances in accordance with:ASTM A 9242004* or ASTM A 5682006
NOTE *ASTM A 9242004, Table 3: Thickness Tolerances for Hot-Dip Metallic-Coated Sheet1-in. [25mm] Minimum Edge Distance
A.2.5
Certified American non-preloaded bolting assemblies
Bolts manufactured to: ASTM A 3072004 (Grade B) Nuts manufactured to: ASTM A 5632004 (Class 5, Class 9, Class 8S, Class 8S3-A, C, D, E, F, Class 10, Class 10S, Class 10S3 and Class 12) ASTM A 1942005b (Grade 4, Grade 6, Grade 7, 7M, Grade 8, 8A, 8C, 8CA, 8M, 8MA, 8T, 8TA, 8P, 8PA, 8N, 8NA, 8LN, 8LNA, 8MN, 8MNA, 8MLN, 8MLNA, 8R, 8RA, 8S, 8SA, 8MLCuN, 8MLCuNA, Grade 9C, 9CA and Grade 16) Washers manufactured to: ASTM F 4362003 (Type 1 and Type 3)
A.2.6 Certified American preloaded bolting assemblies
Bolts manufactured to: ASTM A 3542004 (Grade BC and Grade BD) Nuts manufactured to: ASTM F 18522004a ASTM A 5632004 (Class 8S3-C and Class 8S3-D) Washers manufactured to: ASTM F 9592002 ASTM F 4362003 (Type 1 and Type 3)
A.2.7 Certified American welding consumables
Welding consumables, which result in all-weld metals meeting material performance requirements in 2.7, and manufactured to:AWS A 5.12004 E4915 E4916 E4918 E4927 E4928 E4948
A.2.8 Certified American profiled steel sheets
ASTM A 6532005a* Grade HSLAS 275 Grade HSLAS 340
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007

Grade HSLAS 410 Grade HSLAS-F 275 Grade HSLAS-F 340 Grade HSLAS-F 410 Grade SHS 210 Grade SHS 240 Grade SHS 280 Grade SHS 300 Grade BHS 210 Grade BHS 240 Grade BHS 280 Grade BHS 300
*Phosphorous content should not exceed 0.05 %.
NOTE

NOTE **ASTM A 9242004, Table 3: Thickness Tolerances for Hot-Dip Metallic-Coated Sheet1-in. [25mm] Minimum Edge Distance
A.2.9
Certified American shear stud connectors
Stud shear connectors manufactured to:AWS D 1.12007 Type B
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007
A.3
A.3.1
Certified Japanese steel materials

Certified Japanese steel plates SM520B* SM520C* SM570* or
Steel grades manufactured to:JIS G 3106:2004 SM490A** SM490B** SM490C* SM490YA* SM490YB*
NOTE NOTE NOTE NOTE
*Thickness of plate should not be greater than 100 mm. **Thickness of plate should not be greater than 200 mm. ***Thickness of plate should be in the range of 6 mm to 100 mm. ****Thickness of plate should be in the range of 16 mm to 100 mm.
JIS G 3114:2004 SMA490BW**
SMA490BP** SMA490CW* SMA490CP* SMA570W* or
JIS G 3136:2000 SN400B*** SN400C**** SN490B*** SN490C****
A.3.2
Certified Japanese hot-rolled sections SM520B* SM520C* SM570* or
Steel grades manufactured to:JIS G 3106:2004 SM490A** SM490B** SM490C* SM490YA* SM490YB*
NOTE NOTE NOTE NOTE
*Thickness of section should not be greater than 100 mm. **Thickness of section should not be greater than 200 mm. ***Thickness of section should be in the range of 6 mm to 100 mm. ****Thickness of section should be in the range of 16 mm to 100 mm.
JIS G 3114:2004 SMA490BW**
SMA490BP** SMA490CW* SMA490CP* SMA570W* or
JIS G 3136:2000 SN400B*** SN400C**** SN490B*** SN490C****
A.3.3
Certified Japanese hollow sections
Any combination of steel grades manufactured to:JIS G 3475: 1996* STKN490B with dimensional and/or mass tolerances in accordance with:JIS G 3475: 1996*
NOTE *Only hot-finished non-seamless hollow sections with outside diameter not greater than 100 mm are certified.
A.3.4
Certified Japanese steel for cold forming SM520B SM520C SM570
Steel grades manufactured to:JIS G 3106:2004 SM490A SM490B SM490C SM490YA SM490YB JIS G 3114:2004 SMA490BW SMA490BP SMA490CW SMA490CP SMA570W or JIS G 3136:2000 SN400B SN490B
or
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007
A.3.5
Certified Japanese non-preloaded bolting assemblies
Bolts manufactured to: JIS B 1051: 2000 JIS B 1180: 2004 Nuts manufactured to: JIS B 1052: 1998 JIS B 1181: 2004 Washers manufactured to: JIS B 1256: 1998
A.3.6 Certified Japanese preloaded bolting assemblies
Bolts manufactured to: JIS B 1186: 1995 Nuts manufactured to: JIS B 1186: 1995 Washers manufactured to: JIS B 1186: 1995
A.3.7 Certified Japanese welding consumables
Welding consumables, which result in all-weld metals meeting material performance requirements in 2.7, and manufactured to: JIS Z 3211: 2000 JIS Z 3212: 2000 JIS Z 3313: 1999
A.3.8 Certified Japanese profiled steel sheets
Any combination of steel grades manufactured to:JIS G 3302: 2005 SGH340 SGH400 SGH440 SGH490 SGH540 SGC340 SGC400 SGC440 SGC490 with dimensional and/or mass tolerances in accordance with:JIS G 3302: 2005
A.3.9 Certified Japanese stud shear connectors
Stud shear connectors manufactured to:JIS B 1198: 1995
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007
A.4
A.4.1
Certified Australian/New Zealand steel materials

Certified Australian/New Zealand steel plates
Either any combination of steel grades manufactured to:AS/NZS 3678-1996 Grade 250 L15 Grade 300 L15 Grade 350 L15 Grade 400 L15 Grade 450 L15 with dimensional and/or mass tolerances in accordance with:AS/NZS 1365-1996*
NOTE *Plates are rolled on continuous mills. If plates are rolled on reversing mills, width of plate should be less than 2.7 m.
Or any combination of steel grades manufactured to:AS 1548-1995 Grade 5-490 N or A Grade 7-430 R, N, T, or A Grade 7-460 R, N, T, or A Grade 7-490 R, N, T, or A with dimensional and/or mass tolerances in accordance with:AS/NZS 1548-1995*
NOTE *Plates are rolled on continuous mills. If plates are rolled on reversing mills, width of plate should be less than 2.7 m.
A.4.2
Certified Australian/New Zealand hot-rolled sections
Any combination of steel grades manufactured to:AS/NZS 3679.1-1996 Grade 250 (L0, L15) Grade 350 (L0, L15) Grade 400 (L0, L15) with dimensional and/or mass tolerances in accordance with:AS/NZS 3679.1-1996*
NOTE *Basis for acceptance is stringent mass tolerance requirement.
A.4.3
Certified Australian/New Zealand hollow sections
Any combination of steel grades manufactured to:AS 1163-2007 C250 (L0, L15) C275 (L0, L15) C300 (L0, L15) C350 (L0, L15) C400 (L0, L15) C450 (L0, L15) with dimensional and/or mass tolerances in accordance with:AS 1163-2007*
NOTE * Basis for acceptance is stringent mass tolerance requirement.
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007
A.4.4 Certified Australian/New Zealand steel for cold forming
Any combination of steel grades manufactured to:AS/NZS 1595-1998 CA 220 CA 260 CA 350 with dimensional and/or mass tolerances in accordance with:AS/NZS 1365-1996* Or any combination of steel grades manufactured to:AS/NZS 1397-2001 G 250 with dimensional and/or mass tolerances in accordance with:AS/NZS 1365-1996*
NOTE *Basis for acceptance is stringent thickness tolerance requirement.
A.4.5
Certified Australian/New Zealand non-preloaded bolting assemblies
Bolts manufactured to: AS/NZS 1252-1996 AS 4291.1-2000* AS/NZS 1559-1997

NOTE *Grade 12.9 is non-certified.
Nuts manufactured to: AS/NZS 1252-1996 AS/NZS 4291.2-1995 Washers manufactured to: AS/NZS 1252-1996
A.4.6 Certified Australian/New Zealand preloaded bolting assemblies
Bolts manufactured to: AS/NZS 1252-1996 AS 4291.1-2000 Nuts manufactured to: AS/NZS 1252-1996 AS/NZS 4291.2:1995 Washers manufactured to: AS/NZS 1252-1996
A.4.7 Certified Australian/New Zealand welding consumables
Welding consumables, which result in all-weld metals meeting material performance requirements in 2.7, and manufactured to: AS/NZS 1554.1-2004 AS/NZS 4855-2007 AS/NZS 4857-2006* AS 1858.1-2003** AS/NZS 2717.1-1996
NOTE NOTE NOTE *Only grades 55, 62 and 69 are certified. **Z is non-certified. ***Only grades W5xxx to W6xxx are certified; grade W5ZXH is non-certified.
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007
A.4.8 Certified Australian/New Zealand profiled steel sheets
Any combination of steel grades manufactured to:AS 1397-2001 Grade 250 Grade 300 Grade 350 Grade 400 Grade 450 Grade 500 Grade 550 with dimensional and/or mass tolerances in accordance with:AS/NZS 1365-1996*
NOTE *Tolerances for cold-rolled sheet/strip.
A.4.9
Certified Australian/New Zealand shear stud connectors
Stud shear connectors manufactured to:AS/NZS 1554.2-2003*

NOTE *Stud diameter should be at least 15.9 mm.
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007
A.5
A.5.1
Certified Chinese steel materials

Certified Chinese steel plates
Any combination of steel grades manufactured to:GB/T 700-2006* Q235BZ Q235CZ Q235DTZ Q275BZ Q275CZ Q275DTZ or GB/T 1591-1994* Q295B Q345B Q345C Q345D Q345E Q390B GB/T 709-2006* Class A Class B Class C Class N PT.A PT.B
NOTE NOTE *Steel plates manufactured to GB/T 912-1989 and GB/T 3274-1988, which make reference to GB/T 700-2006, GB/T 15911994 and GB/T 709-2006, shall be considered certified. **Zxx shall be Z15, Z25 and Z35, in accordance with GB/T 5313-1985.
Q390C Q390D Q390E Q420B Q420C Q420D Q420E Q460C Q460D Q460E or
Q345GNHL Q390GNH or
or YB 4104-2000 Q235GJC Q235GJD Q235GJE Q235GJZxxC** Q235GJZxxD** Q235GJZxxE** Q345GJC Q345GJD Q345GJE Q345GJZxxC** Q345GJZxxD** Q345GJZxxE**
GB/T 4171-2000 Q295GNH Q295GNHL Q345GNH
GB/T 4172-2000 Q235NHC Q235NHD Q235NHE Q295NHC Q295NHD Q295NHE Q355NHC Q355NHD Q355NHE Q460NHD Q460NHE
A.5.2
Certified Chinese hot rolled sections
Any combination of steel grades manufactured to:GB/T 700-2006 Q235BZ Q235CZ Q235DTZ Q275BZ Q275CZ Q275DTZ or GB/T 1591-1994 Q295B Q345B Q345C
NOTE
Q345D Q345E Q390B Q390C Q390D Q390E Q420B Q420C* Q420D* Q420E* Q460C* Q460D*
Q460E* or
GB/T 4171-2000 Q295GNH Q295GNHL Q345GNH Q345GNHL Q390GNH or GB/T 4172-2000 Q235NHC
Q235NHD Q235NHE Q295NHC Q295NHD Q295NHE Q355NHC Q355NHD Q355NHE Q460NHD Q460NHE
*Quenched and tempered steels are non-certified.
with dimensional and/or mass tolerances in accordance with:GB/T 706-1988, GB/T 707-1988, GB/T 9787-1988, GB/T 9946-1988 or GB/T 11263-2005
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007
A.5.3 Certified Chinese hollow sections
Either any combination of steel grades manufactured to:GB/T 700-2006 Q235CZ Q235DTZ Q275CZ Q275DTZ or
NOTE
GB/T 1591-1994 Q345C Q345D Q345E Q390C Q390D Q390E
Q420C* Q420D* Q420E* Q460C* Q460D* Q460E* or
GB/T 4171-2000 Q295GNH Q295GNHL Q345GNH Q345GNHL Q390GNH
with dimensional and/or mass tolerances in accordance with:GB/T 6728-2002 Or any combination of steel grades manufactured to:GB/T 8162-1999 Q345 with dimensional and/or mass tolerances in accordance with:GB/T 8162-1999 and GB/T 17395-1998
A.5.4 Certified Chinese steel for cold forming
Any combination of steel grades manufactured to:GB/T 700-2006 Q235CZ Q235DTZ Q275CZ Q275DTZ or
NOTE
GB/T 1591-1994 Q295A Q295B Q345A Q345B Q345C
Q345D Q345E Q390A Q390B Q390C Q390D Q390E
Q420A Q420B Q420C* Q420D* Q420E*
with dimensional and/or mass tolerances in accordance with:GB/T 709-2006

A.5.5 Certified Chinese non-preloaded bolting assemblies
Bolts manufactured to: GB/T 5780-2000 GB/T 5781-2000 GB/T 5782-2000 GB/T 5783-2000 Nuts manufactured to: GB/T 41-2000 GB/T 6170-2000 GB/T 6175-2000 Washers manufactured to: GB/T 95-2002
A.5.6 Certified Chinese preloaded bolting assemblies
Bolts manufactured to: GB/T 1228-2006 GB/T 3632-1995
12-2007 BCA
Nuts manufactured to: GB/T 1229-2006 GB/T 3632-1995 Washers manufactured to: GB/T 1230-2006 GB/T 3632-1995
A.5.7 Certified Chinese welding consumables
Welding consumables, which result in all-weld metals meeting material performance requirements in 2.7, and manufactured to: GB/T 5117-1995 GB/T 5118-1995 GB/T 5293-1999 GB/T 8110-1995 GB/T 10045-2001 GB/T 12470-2003 GB/T 17493-1998
A.5.8 Certified Chinese profiled steel sheets
Any combination of steel grades manufactured to:GB/T 2518-2004 220 (structural grade) 250 (structural grade) 280 (structural grade) 320 (structural grade) 350 (structural grade) 400 (structural grade) 500 (structural grade) 550 (structural grade) with dimensional and/or mass tolerances in accordance with:GB/T 2518-2004
A.5.9 Certified Chinese stud shear connectors
Stud shear connectors manufactured to:GB/T 10433-2002
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007
Appendix B Testing of steel materials

Testing of steel materials shall be in accordance with the standards given in Table B.1.
Table B.1 Material testing required for steel materials Tests Materials Parameters testeda Standards for reference
Tensile test
Steel plates Hot-rolled sections Hollow sections Steel for cold forming Bolts Profiled steel sheets Stud shear connectors
Yield strength Tensile strength Elongation after fracture
BS EN 10002-1:2001
Charpy impact test
Steel plates Hot-rolled sections Hollow sections Steel for cold forming
Impact energy
BS EN 10045-1:1990
Hardness test
Bolts Nuts Washers
Brinell hardness Vickers hardness Rockwell hardness Proof load stress Yield strength Tensile strength Elongation after fracture Impact energy
BS EN ISO 6506-1:2005 BS EN ISO 6507-1:2005 BS EN ISO 6508-1:2005 BS EN 20898-2:1994 BS EN 1597-1:1997
Proof load test All-weld metal tests
Nuts Welding consumables
Chemical analysis
Steel plates Hot-rolled sections Hollow sections Steel for cold forming Bolts Profiled steel sheets
Carbon contentb Carbon equivalent valueb Sulphur contentb Phosphorous contentb Othersc
BS EN ISO 14284:2002
a To ensure the adequacy of non-certified steel materials, parameters tested shall be in compliance with the relevant material performance requirements given in Section 2. b Compared to the limits specified for ladle analysis in Section 2, limits for product analysis shall be:0.03 % higher for carbon content; 0.04 % higher for carbon equivalent value; 0.01 % higher for each sulphur and phosphorous content. c The content of the following elements shall also be determined and recorded:- silicon, manganese, copper, chromium, molybdenum, nickel, aluminium, niobium, titanium, vanadium, nitrogen and any other element intentionally added.
12-2007 BCA
Appendix C Standards for reference

This appendix covers British/European, American, Japanese, Australian/New Zealand and Chinese standards used as reference materials for this design guide. The standards listed in this appendix are only current and confirmed at the time of drafting of this design guide and shall be updated in accordance with the latest version of the respective standards.
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007
C.1
British/European standards for reference
The following British/European standards are published by the British Standards Institution, London, United Kingdom.
C.1.1 British/European standards on design of steel structures
BS 5950-1:2000 BS 5950-2:2001 BS 5950-3.1:1990
Structural use of steelwork in building Part 1: Code of practice for design Rolled and welded sections Structural use of steelwork in building Part 2: Specification for materials, fabrication and erection Rolled and welded sections Structural use of steelwork in building Part 3: Design in composite construction Section 3.1 Code of practice for design of simple and continuous composite beams Structural use of steelwork in building Part 4: Code of practice for design of composite slabs with profiled steel sheeting Structural use of steelwork in building Part 5: Code of practice for design of cold formed thin gauge sections Structural use of steelwork in building Part 6. Code of practice for design of light gauge profiled steel sheeting Structural use of steelwork in building Part 7: Specification for materials and workmanship: cold formed sections Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures Part 1-3: General rules Supplementary rules for cold-formed members and sheeting Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures Part 1-8: Design of joints Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures Part 1-12: Additional rules for the extension of EN 1993 up to steel grades S 700
BS 5950-4:1994 BS 5950-5:1998 BS 5950-6:1995 BS 5950-7:1992 BS EN 1993-1-1:2005 BS EN 1993-1-3:2006 BS EN 1993-1-8:2005 BS EN 1993-1-12:2007

C.1.2
British/European standards on steel materials
BS 7668:2004 BS EN 10020:2000 BS EN 10021:1993 BS EN 10025-1:2004 BS EN 10025-2:2004 BS EN 10025-3:2004 BS EN 10025-4:2004 BS EN 10025-5:2004 BS EN 10025-6:2004
Weldable structural steels Hot finished structural hollow sections in weather resistant steels Specification Definition and classification of grades of steel General technical delivery requirements for steel and iron products Hot rolled products of structural steels Part 1: General technical delivery conditions Hot rolled products of structural steels Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy structural steels Hot rolled products of structural steels Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for normalized/normalized rolled weldable fine grain structural steels Hot rolled products of structural steels Part 4: Technical delivery conditions for thermomechanical rolled weldable fine grain structural steels Hot rolled products of structural steels Part 5: Technical delivery conditions for structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance Hot rolled products of structural steels Part 6: Technical delivery conditions for flat products of high yield strength structural steels in the quenched and tempered condition
12-2007 BCA
BS EN 10027-1:2005 BS EN 10079:2007 BS EN 10164:2004 BS EN 10210-1:2006 BS EN 10219-1:2006

C.1.3
Designation systems for steels Part 1: Steel names Definition of steel products Steel products with improved deformation properties perpendicular to the surface of the product Technical delivery conditions Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels Part 1: Technical delivery conditions Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels Part 1: Technical delivery conditions
British/European standards on manufacturing tolerances
BS EN 10024:1995 BS EN 10029:1991 BS EN 10034:1993 BS EN 10051:1992 BS EN 10055:1996 BS EN 10056-2:1993 BS EN 10210-2:2006 BS EN 10219-2:2006 BS EN 10279:2000

C.1.4
Hot rolled taper flange I sections Tolerances on shape and dimensions Specification for tolerances on dimensions, shape and mass for hot rolled steel plates 3 mm thick or above Structural steel I and H sections Tolerances on shape and dimensions Continuously hot-rolled uncoated plate, sheet and strip of non-alloy and alloy steels Tolerances on dimensions and shape Hot rolled steel equal flange tees with radiused root and toes Dimensions and tolerances on shape and dimensions Specification for structural steel equal and unequal leg angles Part 2: Tolerances on shape and dimensions Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels Part 2: Tolerances, dimensions and sectional properties Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels Part 2: Tolerances, dimensions and sectional properties Hot rolled steel channels Tolerances on shape, dimension and mass
British/European standards on bolting assemblies
General information BS EN 20898-2:1994 BS EN ISO 898-1:1999 Non-preloaded assemblies BS 4190:2001 BS 4320:1968 BS EN ISO 4014:2001 BS EN ISO 4016:2001 BS EN ISO 4017:2001 BS EN ISO 4018:2001 BS EN ISO 4032:2001 BS EN ISO 4033:2001 BS EN ISO 4034:2001 BS EN ISO 7091:2000 Preloaded assemblies Draft for Public Comment, 23 November 2007 54 12-2007 BCA ISO metric black hexagon bolts, screws and nuts Specification Specification for metal washers for general engineering purposes metric series Hexagon head bolts Product grades A and B Hexagon head bolts Product grade C Hexagon head screws Product grades A and B Hexagon head screws Product grade C Hexagon nuts, style 1 Product grades A and B Hexagon nuts, style 2 Product grades A and B Hexagon nuts Product grade C Plain washers Normal series Product Grade C Mechanical properties of fasteners Part 2: Nuts with specified proof load values Coarse thread Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs
BCA T-186/2007 BS 4395-1:1969 BS 4395-2:1969 Specification for high strength friction grip bolts and associated nuts and washers for structural engineering metric series Part 1: General grade Specification for high strength friction grip bolts and associated nuts and washers for structural engineering metric series Part 2: Higher grade bolts and nuts and general grade washers Specification for the use of high strength friction grip bolts in structural steelwork metric series Part 1: General grade Specification for the use of high strength friction grip bolts in structural steelwork metric series Part 2: Higher grade (parallel shank) Direct tension indicators Part 1: Specification for compressible washers Direct tension indicators Part 2: Specification for nut face and bolt face washers High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading Part 1: General requirements High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading Part 2: Suitability test for preloading High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading Part 3: System HR Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading Part 4: System HV Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading Part 5: Plain washers High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading Part 6: Plain chamfered washers
BS 4604-1:1970 BS 4604-2:1970 BS 7644-1:1993 BS 7644-2:1993 BS EN 14399-1:2005 BS EN 14399-2:2005 BS EN 14399-3:2005 BS EN 14399-4:2005 BS EN 14399-5:2005 BS EN 14399-6:2005
C.1.5
British/European standards on welding consumables
BS EN 440:1995 BS EN 756:2004
Welding consumables Wire electrodes and deposits for gas shielded metal arc welding of non alloy and fine grain steels Classification Welding consumables Solid wires, solid wire-flux and tubular cored electrode-flux combinations for submerged arc welding of non alloy and fine grain steels Classification Welding consumables Tubular cored electrodes for metal arc welding with and without a gas shield of non-alloy and fine grain steels Classification Welding consumables Rods, wires and deposits for tungsten inert gas welding of non alloy and fine grain steels Classification Welding consumables Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of non-alloy and fine grain steels Classification
BS EN 758:1997 BS EN 1668:1997 BS EN ISO 2560:2005

C.1.6
British/European standards on profiled steel sheets
BS EN 10326:2004 BS EN 10143:2006
C.1.7
Continuously hot-dip coated strip and sheet of structural steels Technical delivery conditions Continuously hot-dip coated steel sheet and strip Tolerances on dimensions and shape
British/European standards on stud shear connectors
BS EN ISO 13918:1998
Welding Studs and ceramic ferrules for arc stud welding
12-2007 BCA
C.1.8
British/European standards on material testing
BS EN 1597-1:1997 BS EN 10002-1:2001 BS EN 10045-1:1990 BS EN 20898-2:1994 BS EN ISO 2566-1:1999 BS EN ISO 6506-1:2005 BS EN ISO 6507-1:2005 BS EN ISO 6508-1:2005 BS EN ISO 14284:2002
C.1.9
Welding consumables Test methods Part 1. Test piece for all-weld metal test specimens in steel, nickel and nickel alloys Metallic materials Tensile testing Part 1: Method of test at ambient temperature Charpy impact test on metallic materials Part 1: Test method (V-and Unotches) Mechanical properties of fasteners Part 2: Nuts with specified proof load values Coarse thread Steel Conversion of elongation values Part 1: Carbon and low alloy steels Metallic materials Brinell hardness test Part 1: Test method Metallic materials Vickers hardness test Part 1: Test method Metallic materials Rockwell hardness test Part 1: Test method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) Steel and iron Sampling and preparation of samples for the determination of chemical composition
British/European standards on inspection documents
BS EN 10168:2004 BS EN 10204:2004
Steel products Inspection documents List of information and description Metallic products Types of inspection documents
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007
C.2
American standards for reference
The following American standards are published by the American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago, Illinois; the American Petroleum Institute, Washington, D.C.; the American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania; the American Welding Society, Miami, Florida, United States of America.
C.2.1 American standards on design of steel structures
AISC 305-2005 ANSI/AISC 360-2005

C.2.2
Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges Specification for Structural Steel Buildings
American standards on steel materials
API 5L2004 ASTM A 362004 ASTM A 532006 ASTM A 10920001 ASTM A 2422004 ASTM A 2682005a ASTM A 2832000 ASTM A 3082002 ASTM A 3332004a ASTM A 4231995(00) ASTM A 4502004 ASTM A 5002003 ASTM A 5012001 ASTM A 5142000a ASTM A 5292004 ASTM A 5722004 ASTM A 5732000a ASTM A 5882004 ASTM A 5952004a
Specification for line pipe Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless Standard Specification for Steel, Strip, Carbon (0.25 Maximum Percent), ColdRolled Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service Standard Specification for Low and Intermediate Tensile Strength Carbon Steel Plates Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Terne (Lead-Tin Alloy) Coated by the Hot-Dip Process Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for LowTemperature Service Standard Specification for Seamless and Electric-Welded Low-Alloy Steel Tubes Standard Specification for General Requirements for Carbon, Ferritic Alloy, and Austenitic Alloy Steel Tubes Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes Standard Specification for Hot-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing Standard Specification for High-Yield-Strength, Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Plate, Suitable for Welding Standard Specification Structural Quality for High-Strength Carbon-Manganese Steel of
Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Structural Steel Standard Specification for Structural Carbon Steel Plates of Improved Toughness Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel with 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield Point to 4in. [100mm] Thick Standard Specification for Steel Tubes, Low-Carbon or High-Strength LowAlloy, Tapered for Structural Use
12-2007 BCA
ASTM A 6062001 ASTM A 6182001 ASTM A 6532005a ASTM A 6732004 ASTM A 7092005 ASTM A 7922005 ASTM A 8471999a(03) ASTM A 8522001 ASTM A 8712001 ASTM A 8752002a ASTM A 9132003 ASTM A 9452004
Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, with Improved Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance Standard Specification for Hot-Formed Welded and Seamless High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Tubing Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process Standard Specification for Sampling Procedure for Impact Testing of Structural Steel Standard Specification for Structural Steel for Bridges Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, 55 % Aluminum-Zinc Alloy-Coated by the Hot-Dip Process Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless High-Strength, Low- Alloy Structural Tubing with Improved Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance Standard Specification for Quenched and Tempered Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plate with 70 ksi [485 MPa] Minimum Yield Strength to 4 in. [100 mm] Thick Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plate With Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-5 % Aluminum Alloy-Coated by the Hot-Dip Process Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Shapes of Structural Quality, Produced by Quenching and Self-Tempering Process (QST) Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plate with Low Carbon and Restricted Sulfur for Improved Weldability, Formability, and Toughness Standard Specification for Structural Steel Shapes Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Carbon, Metallic- and NonmetallicCoated for Cold-Formed Framing Members Steel, Sheet, Cold-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, HighStrength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, Solution Hardened, and Bake Hardenable Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy and High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability
ASTM A 9922006 ASTM A 10032002a ASTM A 10082006
ASTM A 10112004
C.2.3
American standards on manufacturing tolerances
ASTM A 62005 ASTM A 5682006 ASTM A 9242004 ASTM A 9992004

C.2.4
Standard Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet Piling Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Structural, and High-Strength, Low- Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, General Requirements for Standard Specification for General Requirements for Steel Sheet, MetallicCoated by the Hot-Dip Process Standard Specification for General Requirements for Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe
American standards on bolting assemblies
Non-preloaded assemblies
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007 ASTM A 1932004b ASTM A 1942005b ASTM A 3072004 ASTM A 3252004b ASTM A 3542004 ASTM A 4492004b ASTM A 4902004a ASTM A 5632004 ASTM F 4362003 Preloaded assemblies ASTM A 1932004b ASTM A 1942005b ASTM A 3542004 ASTM A 5632004 ASTM F 4362003 ASTM F 9592002 ASTM F 18522004a Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for High-Temperature Service Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature Service, or Both Standard Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasteners Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts [Metric] Standard Specification for Hardened Steel Washers Standard Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type Indicators for Use with Structural Fasteners [Metric] Direct Tension Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for High-Temperature Service Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature Service, or Both Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60 000 psi Tensile Strength Standard Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated 830 MPa Minimum Tensile Strength [Metric] Standard Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasteners Standard Specification for Hex Cap Screws, Bolts and Studs, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105/90 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength, General Use Standard Specification for High-Strength Steel Bolts, Classes 10.9 and 10.9.3, for Structural Steel Joints [Metric] Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts [Metric] Standard Specification for Hardened Steel Washers
Standard Specification for Twist Off Type Tension Control Structural Bolt/Nut/Washer Assemblies, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
C.2.5
American standards on welding consumables
AWS D1.31998 AWS A5.12004

C.2.6
Structural welding code Sheet steel Specifications for carbon steel electrodes for shielded metal arc-welding
American standards on profiled steel sheets
ASTM A 6062001 ASTM A 6532005a

C.2.7
Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, with Improved Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process
American standards on shear stud connectors
ASTM A 2920041 AWS D 1.12004
Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for Structural Steel Welding Code Steel
12-2007 BCA
C.3
Japanese standards for reference
The following Japanese standards are published by the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee, Tokyo, Japan.
C.3.1 Japanese standards on design of steel structures
JSCE: 1997 JSCE: 1997

C.3.2
Design Code for Steel Structures Part A: Structures in General Design Code for Steel Structures Part B: Composite Structures
Japanese standards on steel materials
JIS G 3101:2004 JIS G 3106:2004 JIS G 3114:2004 JIS G 3128:1999 JIS G 3131:2005 JIS G 3132:2005 JIS G 3136:2005 JIS G 3302:2005 JIS G 3312:2005 JIS G 3321:2005 JIS G 3322:2005 JIS G 3352:2003 JIS G 3444:2006 JIS G 3466:2006 JIS G 3475:1996
C.3.3
Rolled steels for general structure Rolled steels for welded structure Hot-rolled atmospheric corrosion resisting steels for welded structure High yield strength steel plates for welded structure Hot-rolled mild steel plates, sheets and strip Hot-rolled carbon steel strip for pipes and tubes Rolled steels for building structure Hot-dip zinc coated steel sheets and coils Prepainted hot-dip zinc-coated steel sheets and coils Hot-dip 55 % aluminium-zinc alloy-coated steel sheets and coils Prepainted hot-dip 55 % aluminium-zinc alloy-coated steel sheets and coils Steel decks Carbon steel tubes for general structural purposes Carbon steel square pipes for general structural purposes Carbon steel tubes for building structure
Japanese standards on manufacturing tolerances
JIS G 3191:2002 JIS G 3192:2005 JIS G 3193:2005 JIS G 3194:1998

C.3.4
Dimensions, mass and permissible variations of hot rolled steel bars in coil Dimensions, mass and permissible variations of hot rolled steel sections Dimensions, mass and permissible variations of hot rolled steel plates, sheets and strip Dimensions, mass and permissible variations of hot rolled flat steel
Japanese standards on bolting assemblies
Non-preloaded assemblies JIS B 1051:2000 JIS B 1052:1998 JIS B 1180:2004 JIS B 1181:2004 JIS B 1256:1998 Preloaded assemblies JIS B 1186:1995 Sets of high strength hexagon bolt, hexagon nut and plain washers for friction grip joints Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel Mechanical properties of nuts Hexagon head bolts and hexagon head screws Hexagon nuts and hexagon thin nuts Plain washers
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007
C.3.5 Japanese standards on welding consumables
JIS Z 3200:1995 JIS Z 3211:2000 JIS Z 3212:2000 JIS Z 3313:1999

C.3.6
Welding consumables Technical delivery conditions for welding filler materials Type of product, dimensions, tolerances and markings Covered electrodes for mild steel Covered electrodes for high tensile strength steel Flux cored wires for gas shielded and self-shielded metal arc welding of mild steel, high strength steel and low temperature service steel
Japanese standards on profiled steel sheets
JIS G 3302:2005 JIS G 3321:2005

C.3.7
Hot-dip zinc coated steel sheets and coils Hot-dip 55 % aluminium-zinc alloy-coated steel sheets and coils
Japanese standards on stud shear connectors
JIS B 1198:1995
Headed studs
12-2007 BCA
C.4
Australian/New Zealand standards for reference
The following Australian/New Zealand standards are published by Standards Australia, Sydney, Australia.
C.4.1 Australian/New Zealand standards on design of steel structures
AS 4100-1998
C.4.2
Steel structures
Australian/New Zealand standards on steel materials
AS 1163-2007 AS 1397-2001 AS 1548-1995 AS/NZS 1594-2002 AS/NZS 1595-1998 AS/NZS 3678-1996 AS/NZS 3679.1-1996
C.4.3
Structural steel hollow sections (cold-formed) Steel sheet and strip Hot-dipped zinc-coated or aluminium/zinc-coated Steel plate for pressure equipment Hot-rolled steel flat products Cold-rolled, unalloyed, steel sheet and strip Structural steel hot-rolled plates, floor plates and slabs Structural steel Part 1: Hot-rolled bars and sections
Australian/New Zealand standards on manufacturing tolerances
AS/NZS 1365-1996 AS 1548-1995 AS/NZS 3679.1-1996

C.4.4
Tolerances for flat rolled steel products Steel plate for pressure equipment Structural steel Part 1: Hot-rolled bars and sections
Australian/New Zealand standards on bolting assemblies
AS 1112.3-2000 AS 1112.4-2000 AS 4291.1-2000 AS/NZS 1252-1996 AS/NZS 1559-1997 AS/NZS 4291.2-1995

C.4.5
ISO metric hexagon nuts Part 3: Product grade C ISO metric hexagon nuts Part 4: Chamfered thin nuts. Product grades A and B Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel Bolts, screws and studs High strength steel bolts with associated nuts and washers for structural engineering Hot-dip galvanized steel bolts with associated nuts and washers for tower construction. Mechanical properties of fasteners Nuts with specified proof load values Coarse thread
Australian/New Zealand standards on welding consumables
AS 1554.1-2004 AS/NZS 4855-2007 AS/NZS 4857-2006 AS/NZS 1167.2-1999 AS/NZS 2717.1-1996 AS 1858.1-2003 AS 1858.1-2003
Structural Steel Welding Welding of steel structures Manual arc weld Manual arc weld high strength steel Welding and brazing Filler metals Welding Electrodes Gas metal arc Electrodes and fluxes for submerged-arc welding Carbon steels and carbonmanganese steels Electrodes and fluxes for submerged-arc welding Carbon steels and carbonmanganese steels
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007
C.4.6 Australian/New Zealand standards on profiled steel sheets
AS 1397-2001
C.4.7
Steel sheet and strip Hot-dipped zinc-coated or aluminium/zinc-coated
Australian/New Zealand standards on shear stud connectors
AS/NZS 1554.2-2003
Structural steel welding Stud welding
12-2007 BCA
C.5
Chinese standards for reference
The following Chinese standards are published by the Standardization Administration of China, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China.
C.5.1 Chinese standards on design of steel structures
GB 50017-2003 GB 50018-2002 JGJ 81-2002 JGJ 82-1991

C.5.2
Code for design of steel structures Technical code of cold-formed thin-wall steel structures Technical specification for welding of steel structure of building Code for design, construction and acceptance of high strength bolt connection of steel structures
Chinese standards on steel materials
GB/T 700-2006 GB/T 912-1989 GB/T 1591-1994 GB/T 3274-1988 GB/T 4171-2000 GB/T 4172-2000 GBT 5313-1985 GB/T 8162-1999 GB/T 13304-1991 GB/T 15574-1995 YB 4104-2000
C.5.3
Carbon structural steels Hot-rolled plain carbon and low alloy structural steel sheets and strips High strength low alloy structural steels Carbon structural and low alloy steel rolled plates and strips Superior atmospheric corrosion resisting structural steel Atmospheric corrosion resisting steel for welded structures Steel plate with through-thickness characteristics Seamless steel tubes for structural purposes Steels Classification Steel products classification and definitions Steel plates for high rise building structure
Chinese standards on manufacturing tolerances
GB/T 706-1988 GB/T 707-1988 GB/T 709-2006 GB/T 6728-2002 GB/T 9787-1988 GB/T 9946-1988 GB/T 11263-2005 GBT 17395-1998
C.5.4
Hot-rolled beam steel Dimensions, shape, weight and tolerances Hot-rolled channel steel Dimensions, shape, weight and tolerances Dimension, shape, weight and tolerances for hot-rolled steel plates and sheets Cold formed steel hollow sections for general structure Dimensions, shapes, weight and permissible deviations Hot-rolled equal-leg angle steel Dimensions, shape, weight and tolerances Dimensions, shape, weight and tolerances for hot-rolled L-sectional steel The hot-rolled H and cut T section Dimensions, shapes, masses and tolerances of seamless steel tubes
Chinese standards on bolting assemblies
General information GB/T 3098.1-2000 GB/T 3098.2-2000 Materials GB/T 699-1999 GB/T 3077-1999 Quality carbon structural steels Alloy structure steels Mechanical properties of fasteners Bolts, screws and studs Mechanical properties of fasteners Nuts Coarse thread
12-2007 BCA
BCA T-186/2007 GB/T 6478-2001 Non-preloaded assemblies GB/T 41-2000 GB/T 95-2002 GB/T 5780-2000 GB/T 5781-2000 GB/T 5782-2000 GB/T 5783-2000 GB/T 6170-2000 GB/T 6175-2000 Preloaded assemblies GB/T 1228-2006 GB/T 1229-2006 GB/T 1230-2006 GB/T 1231-2006 GB/T 3632-1995 GB/T 3633-1995
C.5.5
Steels for cold heading and cold extruding Hexagon nuts Product grade C Plain washers Product grade C Hexagon head bolts Product grade C Hexagon head bolts Full thread Product grade C Hexagon head bolts Hexagon head bolts Full thread Hexagon nuts, style 1 Hexagon nuts, style 2 High strength bolts with large hexagon head for steel structures High strength large hexagon nuts for steel structures High strength plain washers for steel structures Specifications of high strength bolts with large hexagon nuts, plain washers for steel structures Sets of torshear type high strength bolt hexagon nut and plain washer for steel structures Technical requirement for sets of torshear type high strength bolt hexagon nut and plain washer for steel structures
Chinese standards on welding consumables
GB/T 3429-2002 GB/T 5117-1995 GB/T 5118-1995 GB/T 5293-1999 GB/T 8110-1995 GB/T 10045-2001 GB/T 12470-2003 GB/T 14957-1994 GB/T 14981-2004 GB/T 17493-1998
C.5.6
Wire rod for electrode Carbon steel covered electrodes Low alloy steel covered electrodes Carbon steel electrodes and fluxes for submerged arc welding Welding wires for gas shielding arc welding of carbon and low alloy steels Carbon steel flux cored electrodes for arc welding Low alloy steel electrodes and fluxes for submerged arc welding Steel wires for melt welding Dimensions, shape, mass and tolerances for hot-rolled wire rods Low alloy steel flux cored electrodes for arc welding
Chinese standards on profiled steel sheets
GB/T 2518-2004 GB/T 12755-1991

C.5.7
Continuous hot-dip zinc-coated steel sheets and strips Roll-profiled steel sheet for building
Chinese standards on stud shear connectors
GB/T 10433-2002
Cheese head studs for arc stud welding
12-2007 BCA

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What are some of the Chinese standards mentioned for steel materials?

What are some of the Chinese standards mentioned for steel materials?

What are some of the Chinese standards mentioned for manufacturing tolerances?

What are some of the Chinese standards mentioned for manufacturing tolerances?

BCA T-186/2007

Draft for Public Comment

Design Guide on Use of Alternative Steel Materials to BS 5950

Draft for Public Comment, 23 November 2007

Terms and definitions ..............................................................................................................................1

Technical equations ..................................................................................................................................3

Hot rolled sections ....................................................................................................................................5

Draft for Public Comment, 23 November 2007 i

Hollow sections ......................................................................................................................................... 7

Steel for cold forming ............................................................................................................................... 8

Non-preloaded bolting assemblies........................................................................................................... 9

Preloaded bolting assemblies ................................................................................................................ 12

Stud shear connectors ............................................................................................................................ 14

Factory production control..................................................................................................................... 16

Draft for Public Comment, 23 November 2007 ii

Manufacturer test certificates ...............................................................................................................17

Classification procedure .........................................................................................................................20

Design recommendations on Class 1 alternative steel materials........................................................21

Design recommendations on Class 2 alternative steel materials........................................................33

Draft for Public Comment, 23 November 2007 iii

Design recommendations on Class 3 alternative steel materials ....................................................... 34

Other properties ..................................................................................................................................... 35 Lists of certified steel materials ....................................................................................36

Draft for Public Comment, 23 November 2007 iv

Draft for Public Comment, 23 November 2007 v

Draft for Public Comment, 23 November 2007 vi

Table B.1 Material testing required for steel materials...............................................................................51

Draft for Public Comment, 23 November 2007 ix

Draft for Public Comment, 23 November 2007 x

Draft for Public Comment, 23 November 2007 xi

Terms and definitions

Draft for Public Comment, 23 November 2007 1

Material performance requirements

Quality assurance requirements

Certified steel materials

Draft for Public Comment, 23 November 2007 2

Proportional gauge length

Draft for Public Comment, 23 November 2007 3

Section 2. Material performance requirements

2.1.2.3 Impact toughness

As a minimum, the product shall be able to absorb at least 27 J of impact energy at 20 C.

2.1.2.4 Through thickness deformation properties

Draft for Public Comment, 23 November 2007 4

0.40 0.44 0.49 0.52 0.55 0.50 0.83 0.83

0.045 0.045 0.045 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.030 0.030

0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.02

Hot rolled sections

Draft for Public Comment, 23 November 2007 5

2.2.2.3 Impact toughness

As a minimum, the product shall be able to absorb at least 27 J of impact energy at 20 C.

235 275 355 420 460

0.40 0.44 0.49 0.52 0.55

0.045 0.045 0.045 0.040 0.040

0.045 0.045 0.045 0.040 0.040

Draft for Public Comment, 23 November 2007 6

The elongation after fracture on proportional gauge length shall be at least 15 %.

2.3.2.3 Impact toughness