Rayman Manual Small
Rayman Manual Small
Rayman Manual Small
Email: [email protected]
Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Shadow
Global radiation Mean radiant temperat. Predicted Mean Vote Phys. Equiv. Temp. Stand. Effec. Temp. ....
Easy environments Complex environments Topography Fish-Eye Hemisph. input/SVF Meteo data Climate data ....
The beginnings
Calculation of SVF Calculation of thermal indices Windows based program User friendly Estimation of Tmrt
Energy Energy balance balance applied applied on on human human beeings beeings
D
B I
A R
C Qre
E
E E
nach G. Jendritzky
H Icl
Ekm Qsw
R E
human beings
- grade of activity - heat transfer resistance of the clothing
neutral conditions at 20 C
Under stationary conditions due to priciples of thermodynamics:total of input energies = total of output energies
H + Q* + QH +QL + QSw + Qre = 0 H: Q*: QH: internal heat production (metabolic heat production - heat loss due to physical (mechanical) work) net radiation (radiative heat flux) turbulent flux of sensible heat (convection heat flux), interchange of sensible heat between the surface of the body and the ambient air turbulent flux of latent heat due to water vapour diffusion through the skin into the ambient air turbulent flux of latent heat due to sweat evaporation heat flux due to respiration (heating and humidification of respired air)
Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Threshold values of thermal indices PMV and PET for different grades of thermal sensivity of human beings and physiological stress on human beings (according to Matzarakis and Mayer, 1996)
Thermal indices Predicted Mean Vote PMV Physiological equivalent temperature PET Standard effective temperature SET*
Socrates Exchange, March 2005
VDI, 1998: VDI 3787, Part I: Environmental Meteorology, Methods for the human biometeorological evaluation of climate and air quality for the urban and regional planning at regional level. Part I: Climate. Beuth, Berlin. VDI, 1994: VDI 3789, Part 2: Environmental Meteorology, Interactions between Atmosphere and Surfaces; Calculation of the short- and long wave radiation. Beuth, Berlin. VDI, 2001: VDI 3789, Part 3: Environmental Meteorology, Interactions between Atmosphere and Surfaces; Calculation of the spectral irradiances in the solar wavelength range. Beuth, Berlin.
Tmrt (S, D, albedo, A, E(Ts), Fp, SVF) S: Solar radiation D: diffuse radiation A: aldedo A: atmospheric radiation E: radiation of solid surfaces fp: projection factor (human) SVF: Sky View factor Tmrt (S, D, albedo, A, E(Ts), f , SVF, shadow, multiple reflexion, turbidity,
clouds,)
p Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Calculation of Tmrt
Tmrt = ( 1/ * (Ei + ak * Di/p )* Fi)0,25 p : Emission coefficient of the human body (default 0,97) Di : diffuse solar radiation and reflected global radiation ak : Absorption coefficient of the sun exposed Surfaces for short wave radiation
Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Calculation of Tmrt
Ei: long wave radiation, calculation by Ei = i* * Tsi4( is the Stefan Boltzmann Constant 5,67*10-8 W/m2*K4, Tsi is surface temperature, i is Emissions coefficient) Fi: area of sky/surfaces
Calculation of Tmrt
Tmrt* = (Tmrt4 + fp * ak * I/( p*))0,25 I: Radiation intensity of the sun on a surface perpendicular to the incident radiation direction fp: Projection factor, lies between 0,308 for 0 solar angle and 0,082 for 90
Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Calculation of Tmrt
The mean radiation flux SStr(in W/m2) density absorbed by the human body is calculated as: Sstr = Wi *(ak*Ki + al*Li) Ki and Li: stands for short- and long wave radiation fluxes (in W/m2) from the six directions (North, East, South, West, upper and lower hemisphere)
Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Calculation of Tmrt
Wi: Weighting factors: In order to be able to calculate the radiation fluxes on the surface of a standing or seated person from the six individual measurements of the terrestrial and solar radiation respectively, the dimension less weighting factors Standing (resp. 0.22 for radiation fluxes from North, East, South and West and respectively 0.06 for the radiation fluxes from the upper and lower hemisphere)
Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Calculation of Tmrt
ak: Absorption coefficient of the human body for the short wave radiation al:Absorption coefficient of the human body for the long wave radiation
Calculation of Tmrt
Tmrt = ((Sstr/ (al*)) 273,2)1/4 Emission coefficient p of the human body is equal the Absorption coefficient al (5.67*10-8 W/(m2*K4)) is the Stefan-Boltzmann-Constant
Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Unter a Tree
E-W Southside
E-W Northside
N-S Easside
N-S Westside
RayMan Pro
Starting 1998 First run: 1998 Releases: 1.0, 1.1., 1.2, (1.3), RayMan Pro End: ?
Exit Option for Input of meteo and other data Generation and Output of Dato/Figures Selection of output Parameters Selection of Language Help, Bibliography, Info, Website
Clear/new Open new file Save file Add new obstacles Remove obstacles Edit obstacles Copy obstacle Paste obstacle Move everything Zoom in Zoom out Set yardstick Move location Import map image Move template Remove template
Coniferous tree
Meteorological Institute Input/Import of free drawing/fish-eye photographs Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences Input: albedo and emission Grid in foreground
Clear/new Open new file Save file Limit edges Limit clouds Fill colour Monochrome Brush color
Meteorological Institute Input/Import of free drawing/fish-eye photographs Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences Input: albedo and emission
Meteorological Institute Eingabe/Import fr freies Zeichnen/fish-eye Aufnahmen Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences Eingabe: Albedo und Emissionsvermgen
Output formats (date, time) Bowen-ration inputs Albedo for surface Turbidity (automatical, individual) Ratio of diffuse radition Fog ** Transfer of Global radiation from other site
Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Soft keys
Diagram (Polar) Diagram (Cylindrical not in operation) Data table Daily data Shadow
Output:
Combination of
fish-eye and
Output: Shadow
Output: Shadow
Clear/new Save file Print file Zoom in Zoom out Change time Change increment
Bibliography Information
Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Companies/Govermental Bureau of Meteorol, Melbourne CITMA, Cuba LANL, USA CRES, Athens, Hellas Croatian Weather Service US Forest Service Meteo Swiss IMA, Germany
Countries Hellas, Germany, Swiss, Austria, Japan, USA, UK, Canada, Australia, Israel, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Norway, Cuba, Argentina, Brasil, Poland, South Africa, Hungary, Netherlands, Slovenia, Croatia, Bulgaria, New Sealand, Algeria, India, Sri Lanka, Costa Rica
Applications of RayMan
Urban Climatology full use Landscape climatology full and part use (radiation) Tourism climatology and tourism planning full and part use (radiation, shadow, sunshine duration) Agricultural climatology part use (radiation, shadow, sunshine duration) Forest Meteorology part use (radiation, sky view) Human biometeorology full use ....
Socrates Exchange, March 2005
MEMI Integration with Output Input- and Output formats (Date and time)
New!
Input meteo files (soft keys), Missing values (default: 9999) Sunshine duration in minutes Turbidity (automatically or individual) Buildings (Adaptation of Scans) Urban Morphologies (a and ) for all all kinds Polar input variable input von a und More limits (a.e. no multiple inputs) Daily (SD, G) with and without obstacles
Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Not working
vertical surfaces Transparency/Porosity of vegetation Input digital Atlas Detail Help Additional calculation of Tmrt (VDI, Hppe)
Summary
RayMan Model for calculation of radiation fluxes in urban areas (complex environments) Calculates SVF of urban structures (a.e. Buildings, Coniferous and deciduous trees) taking under consideration urban structures as geometrical properties
Socrates Exchange, March 2005
Summary II
Calculation of SVF via free drawing or fisheye images Calculation of short- and long wave radiation fluxes (current, daily courses) Export of Figures/Graphs in diverse formats Calculation of Tmrt and Thermal indices (PET, PMV. SET*)