Line Distance Protection 511

Line distance protection terminal
REL 511
1MDB06309-YN
Page 1 Issued April 1999 Changed since June 1998 Data subject to change without notice
(SE 95 02 08)
Features
Line distance functionality comprises; - simultaneous measurement of the different phase - phase and phase - earth impedances within the numerical measuring elements, individually for each type of fault and each distance zone for fast and reliable fault detection - Up to five zone protection with completely individual settings - separate and independent impedance measuring elements for the General Fault Criteria with advanced characteristic and phase preference logic - scheme communication logic with current reversal and weak end infeed logics - power swing detection Additional protection functionality such as; - phase overcurrent, residual current and voltage functions - breaker failure protection - fuse failure and current transformer circuit supervision - fast interbay communication of binary signals - single- or multi-pole tripping Control; - command control - autoreclosing and synchro-check with phasing and energising check
Monitoring; - event recorder - disturbance recorder - fault locator - trip value recorder - status indication of all input and internal binary signals - presentation of measured mean values of line current, voltage, active power, reactive power and frequency with accuracy up to 0.25% Metering; - pulse counter logic Remote-end data communication alternatives; - multiplexed, dedicated fibre and galvanic channel - allows for remote-end binary signal transfer - communication channel supervision Serial communication; - SPA or IEC 870-5-103 port (monitoring) - LON port (control) Extensive configuration possibilities by use of internal logical gates, timers and user configurable connections between different functions, binary inputs and outputs
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Features (contd)
Several input/output module options including measuring mA input module (for transducers) Extensive software tool-box for monitoring, evaluation and user configuration of the terminal Flexible software and hardware Selected processor design guarantees high availability together with excellent possibilities for extensive combination of different functions without prolonging the operation time
Numerical filtering and measuring techniques ensuring correct performance during transient conditions Versatile local human-machine interface (HMI) from the front panel Various local HMI language options Extensive self-supervision with fault diagnostics
General
The REL511 line distance protection terminal is one of the basic units for HV and EHV line distance protection applications and forms a part of a PANORAMA Station Automation. The PANORAMA Station Automation concept includes a complete range of single-function units and multi-functional ter-
minals, Substation Monitoring System (SMS) and Substation Control System (SCS). The units in the PANORAMA concept are available as stand alone relays/terminals or as building blocks in a total power network management system.
Functions
Line impedance
jX
Distance protection (ZM15)

Application
Xph-e
Xph-ph
Distance protection provides fast and reliable protection for overhead lines and power cables in all kinds of power networks. For each independent distance protection zone, full scheme design provides continuous measurement of impedance separately in three independent phase-phase measuring loops as well as in three independent phase-earth measuring loops. Phase-earth distance protection serves as basic earth-fault protection in networks with directly or low-impedance earthed networks. Together with an independent phase-preference-logic, it also serves as selective protection function at cross-country faults in isolated or resonantly earthed networks. Independent reactive reach setting for phasephase and for phase-earth measurement secures high selectivity in networks with different protective relays used for short-circuit and earth-fault protection.
Zline
Rph-ph
Rph-e
(98000062.vmf)
Xph-e Xph-ph Rph-e Rph-ph Zline Fig. 1
reactive reach for ph-e faults reactive reach for ph-ph faults resistive reach for ph-e faults resistive reach for ph-ph faults line impedance
Schematic presentation of the operate characteristic for one distance protection zone in forward direction
The distance protection zones can operate, independently of the others, in directional (forward or reverse) or non-directional mode. This makes it suitable, together with different communication schemes, for the protection of power lines and cables in complex network configurations, such as double-circuit, parallel lines, multiterminal lines, etc. Zone one, two and three has a built-in option for a phase selective operation.
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Functions (contd)
The additional distance protection zones four and five have the same basic functionality as zone 13, except phase-selective output signals.
Design
characteristic angle. The earth-return compensation factor for the earth-fault distance protection is calculated automatically by the terminal itself. Voltage polarisation for directional measurement uses continuous calculation and updating of the positive sequence voltage for each measuring loop separately. This secures correct directionality of the protection on different evolving faults within the complex network configurations. Positive-sequence memory voltage secures reliable directional operation on close-up three-phase faults. The distance protection function blocks are independent of each other for each zone. Each function block comprises a number of different functional inputs and outputs, which are freely configurable to different external functions, logic gates, timers and binary inputs and outputs. This makes it possible to influence the operation of the complete measuring zone or only its trip function by the operation of the fuse-failure function, the power-swing-detection function, etc.
Different digital signal processors calculate the impedance as seen for different measuring loops in different distance protection zones. The results are updated each millisecond for all measuring loops and each distance protection zone separately. Measurement of the impedance for each fault follows the differential equation, which considers a complete line replica impedance, as presented schematically on Fig. 2.
Rl i(t)
jX l
u(t)
Rf
General fault criteria (GFC)

(98000063.vmf)
Xl i ( t) - ----------u ( t ) = ( R l + R f ) i ( t ) + --- t
Rl Rf Xl f Fig. 2 line resistance fault resistance line reactance 2..f frequency Schematic presentation of the impedance measuring principle.
Application
The general fault criteria is an independent impedance measuring function, which serves as an overall fault detection and/or phase selection element in all kinds of networks. Observe that the GFCn function is not used as start function, because full scheme measurement is utilised for the distance protection zones. The GFC function is specially suitable in cases when the fault resistance to be detected exceeds the minimum expected load impedance. The shaped operate characteristic in the impedance plane (see Fig. 3) prevents the operation of the impedance measuring elements for low load impedances and at the same time allows coverage of higher fault resistance with remote infeed of the fault current.
Setting of all line parameters, such as positive sequence resistance and reactance as well as zero-sequence resistance and reactance, together with expected fault resistance for phase-phase and phase-earth faults, are independent for each zone. The operate characteristic is thus automatically adjusted to the line
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Functions (contd)
jX X fw
of the GFC elements, as long as the measured impedance is outside the GFC operate characteristic. Operation of the distance protection zones can also be completely independent on the operation of the GFC function.
-R f
-R ld
A R G ld R ld
Rf
Power swing detection (PSD)

Application
X rv
(98000064.vmf)
Xfw Xrv Rf Rld ARGld Fig. 3
Reactive reach in forward direction Reactive reach in reverse direction Resistive reach related to fault resistance Resistive reach related to minimum load impedance Load impedance angle
The power swing detection function detects power swings with a periodic swing time as low as 200 ms (i.e. slip frequency as high as 10% of the rated frequency on a 50 Hz basis). It detects swings under normal system conditions as well as during the dead-time of the single-pole reclosing cycle.
Design
General fault criteria - schematic presentation of the operate characteristic in the impedance plane
Independent measurement for each fault loop secures reliable phase selection and correct operation for complex network faults, such as simultaneous faults on parallel circuits, evolving faults, etc. It also serves, together with an independent phase-preference-logic, as a selective protection function on crosscountry faults in isolated or high-impedance earthed networks.Independent reactive reach setting for phase-phase and for phase-earth measurement secures high selectivity in networks with different protective relays used for short-circuit and earth-fault protection.
Design
The operation of the PSD function is based on the measurement of the transition time that the power swing transient impedance needs to pass the impedance area between two impedance measuring characteristics (known as Z/ t measurement). The impedance measuring principle is the same as the one used for the distance protection zones (see Fig. 2). The transient impedance time is measured in all three phases separately and one-out-of-three or two-out-of-three operating modes can be selected permanently or according to the specific system operate conditions. The use of different timers for initial and consecutive swings secures a high degree of differentiation between power swing and fault conditions. Built-in logic circuits and configurable functional inputs makes it possible to combine the function with other functions and conditions, as well as to use it in the same way as with older distance relays.
The basic operate principle is the same as for the basic distance protection zones (see Fig. 2). It is possible to set the reactive reach in forward and reverse direction for phase-phase and for phase-earth measurement separately and independently of each other. Setting of the resistive reach can also be different for phase-phase and for phase-earth measurement. The user can program the influence of the GFC function on the operation of the distance protection zones used. The GFC function can prevent the operation of the distance protection zones with a reach longer than the reach
Scheme communication logic (ZCOM)

Application
To achieve fast fault clearing for a fault on the part of the line not covered by the instantaneous zone 1, the stepped distance protection function can be supported with logic, utilising communication channels. One communication channel, capable of transmitting an on/ off signal, is required in each direction.
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Functions (contd)
Depending on whether a reverse or forward directed impedance zone is used to issue the send signal, the communication schemes are divided in Blocking and Permissive schemes, respectively. This function can support any scheme communication requirements.
configurations where more than one circuit breaker can energise the protected line at one line end.
Design
Current reversal and weak end infeed logics (ZCAL)

Application
This function is a complement to the ZCOM or to the ZC1P function. In interconnected systems, the fault current can change direction when circuit breakers open to clear the fault. The permissive overreach scheme should have a current reversal logic which, when activated, will prevent unwanted operation in case of current reversal. If the infeed of the fault current at the remote end is too low to operate the forward directed measuring element, no carrier signal will be obtained from the remote end when there is a fault on the line and the communication scheme will not operate properly. This will be the case if the zero sequence source at the remote line end is too high, e.g. if the line circuit breaker is open. The permissive communication scheme should therefore include a weak end infeed logic which, when activated, reflects the carrier signal and thereby secures tripping. It can also be used to trip the local circuit breaker in cases when fault current distribution prevent carrier signal.
The function is active for one second after the breaker closing conditions have been reported by the external auxiliary contact or by the DLD function (automatic mode). The output signal will be generated if the fault has been detected within the non-directional reach of the selected distance protection zone. Configurable function inputs and outputs make it possible to configure different use of the function. Note: The presence of the deadline-detection function is absolutely required, if the function shall operate in the automatic mode.
Local acceleration logic (ZCLC)

Application
To achieve fast fault clearing for faults on the whole line, also in cases where no communication channel is available, local acceleration logic is used. The logic can be controlled either by the autorecloser or by the loss of the load current.
Current, phase wise

Instantaneous phase overcurrent protection (IOC)
Application
Automatic switch onto fault logic (SOTF)

Application
The switch-onto-fault protection secures high-speed operation of the distance protection on energising of faulty or shortcircuited (earthed for safety reasons) power lines. Two operating modes are available for the detection of a breaker closing condition: Use of an auxiliary contact from a line CB control switch or the operation of a built-in dead-line-detection (DLD) function. The second mode is highly recommended for busbar
Different system conditions, such as source impedance and the position of the faults on long transmission lines, influence the fault currents to a great extent. The IOC function, with low overreaching of the measuring elements, secure very short operate times, down to 10 ms and selective tripping for close-in faults on long power lines, where short fault clearing times are extremely important in maintaining system stability
Design
The IOC function comprises a three phase instantaneous overcurrent protection. When single-pole tripping is required, the single and/or three-pole trip logic allows for phase selective starting signals from the function.
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Functions (contd)
Time delayed phase overcurrent protection (TOC)

Application
Current, residual (earth fault)

Current residual
Application
The time-delayed overcurrent protection operates in different system conditions for currents exceeding the pre-set value and remain high for longer than the delay time set on the corresponding timer. The function can also be used as supervision and fault detector for some other protection functions, to increase the security of a complete protection system. It can serve as a reserve function for the line distance protection, if activated under fuse failure conditions which disables the operation of the line distance protection.
Design
In case of single-phase to earth faults, the primary fault resistance will vary with the network conditions and location of the fault. In many cases the fault resistance is much higher than the resistance that can be covered by an impedance measuring distance function. Earth faults with high fault resistance can be detected by measuring the residual current (3Io). Hence, the current residual functions can be used as complement to the impedance measuring distance function for sensitive earth fault detection. To prevent unwanted operation when energising a directly grounded power transformer, the functions are provided with 2nd harmonic restraint blocking feature. The inverse time delayed function is provided with minimum operate current and minimum operate time for improved selectivity in certain applications. The instantaneous and time-delayed functions can be made directional together with logics for communication scheme cooperation, weak-end-infeed and current reversal.
Design
The TOC function comprises a three phase time-delayed overcurrent protection. Phase selective starting signals are available from the function.
Breaker failure protection (BFP)

Application
The breaker failure protection provides backup protection in case of failure of the breaker to trip and clear the fault as requested by the object protection. It is obtained by checking that fault current persists after a brief time from the operation of the object protection.
Design
The breaker failure protection is initiated by the trip commands from the protection functions, either internal to the terminal or from external commands through binary inputs. The start can be single-phase or three-phase. The operate values of the three current measuring elements are settable within a wide setting range. The measurement is stabilised against the dc-transient that can cause unwanted operation with saturated current transformers. Time measurement is individual for each phase. Two independent timers are available, T1 for repeated tripping of own breaker and T2 which operates trip logic for adjacent breakers.
Following current residual functions are selectable; 1. Instantaneous 2. Time delayed; - Independent time delay 3. Inverse time delayed; - Normal inverse (NI) - Very inverse (VI) - Extremely inverse (EI) - Logarithmic inverse (IDG) NI, VI and EI according to IEC 255-3 4. Directional check and communication schemes 5. 4-Step earth fault protection (4 elements)
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Functions (contd)
The 4-step earth fault overcurrent protection has three current steps with independent time delay and a fourth current step with independent time delay or inverse time characteristics. For all four steps, one of the following modes can be selected independently of other steps: Non-directional overcurrent function without second harmonic restraint Non-directional overcurrent function with second harmonic restraint Forward directional overcurrent function without second harmonic restraint Forward directional overcurrent function with second harmonic restraint Overcurrent function without second harmonic restraint, with blocking from the reverse direction measuring element Overcurrent function with second harmonic restraint, with blocking from the reverse direction measuring element
function or by an auxiliary contact detecting the open position of a line isolator. The function has phase-selective indication.
Time delayed overvoltage protection (TOV)

Application
Different system conditions might increase the system voltage and cause damage to exposed primary and secondary equipment. The overvoltage protection detects such voltage changes and initiates different measures to the power system. Both instantaneous and time-delayed operation of the overvoltage function are available.
Design
Voltage
Time delayed undervoltage protection (TUV)
Application
The function measures the phase voltages of a three-phase system and calculates the residual (3U0) voltage. It initiates the corresponding output signals if the measured phase or the residual voltages exceed the pre-set value (starting) and remains high longer than the time delay set on the corresponding timers (trip). The function detects the phases which caused the operation.
Power system supervision

Broken conductor check (BRC)
Application
The time-delayed undervoltage protection function is applicable in all situations, where reliable detection of low phase voltages is necessary. The function can also be used as a supervision and fault detection function for some other protection functions, to increase the security of a complete protection system.
Design
The function operates as a three-phase voltage measuring function, which issues an output signal if any of the three measured phase voltages falls below the pre-set value. The operation can be delayed by a built-in timer with settable time delay. The function can be disabled by various external conditions, for example by the operation of a fuse-failure
The broken-conductor check function detects non-symmetrical current conditions in the three phases. The BRC function is especially suitable for the detection of broken conductors on protected power lines and cables (series faults) without the presence of the additional short circuits (phase-earth or phase-phase faults). It will also detect interruptions in secondary current circuits.
Design
The function measures all three-phase currents and operates when the ratio between the minimum of measured phase currents and the maximum phase current falls below the set value. The phase current must be higher than 20% of the terminal rated current.
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Functions (contd)
Loss of voltage check (LOV)

Application
The loss-of-voltage function is suitable for use in networks with automatic restoration function. The LOV function initiates a threepole tripping of a circuit breaker, if all three phase voltages fall below the set value for longer than 7 seconds. The operation of the function is supervised by the fuse-failure function and the information about the closed position of an associated circuit breaker.
the terminal. Different output signals can be used to block, in the case of faults in the ac voltage secondary circuits, the operation of the distance protection and other voltagedependent functions, such as the synchrocheck function, the undervoltage protection function, etc. Negative-sequence based measurement is recommended in isolated or high-impedance earthed systems. Zero-sequence based measurement is recommended in directly- or low-impedance earthed systems.
Design
Overload supervision (OVLD)

Application
The overload protection prevents excessive loading of power lines. Its operation is based on the measurement of the maximum phase current and its duration, which must not exceed the pre-set values. The operate current and the operate time are settable within a wide range.
The function continuously measures the zerosequence and/or the negative-sequence voltage and current in three-phase ac voltage circuits. It operates if the measured zero and/or negative-sequence voltage increases over the pre-set operate value, and if the measured zero and/or negative-sequence current remains below the pre-set operate value. Two function output signals are available. The first depends directly on the voltage and current measurement. The second depends on the operation of the dead-line detection function, to prevent unwanted operation of the distance protection if the line has been deenergised and energised under fuse-failure conditions. A special function input serves the connection to the auxiliary contact of the MCB (when used), to secure correct operation of the function on simultaneous interruption of all three measured phase voltages.
Secondary system supervision

Current circuit supervision (CTSU)
Application
Wrong information on current flowing in a protected element might influence the security (line differential protection) or dependability (line distance protection) of a complete protection system. The current circuit supervision function, as built in REx 5xx terminals, detects different types of faults in CT secondary circuits and influence the operation of corresponding main protection functions.
Design
Control
Command control (16 signals)
Application
The function compares the 3I0 secondary currents from two different sets of current instrument transformers or different cores of the same instrument transformer. The function issues an output signal when the difference is greater than set value. The signal can be configured to block different protection functions or initiate the alarm.
Fuse failure supervision (FUSE)

Application
The terminals may be provided with 16 output functions that can be controlled either from a Substation Automation system or from the built-in HMI. The output functions can be used, for example, to control highvoltage apparatuses in switchyards. For local control functions, the built-in HMI can be used. Together with the configuration logic circuits, the user can govern pulses or steady output signals for control purposes within the terminal or via binary outputs.
The fuse-failure-supervision function continuously supervises the ac voltage measuring circuits between the voltage transformers and
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Functions (contd)
Synchro-check and energising check (SYNX)

Application
Autoreclosing (ARxx)
Application
The synchro-check function is used for controlled interconnection of a line in an already interconnected network. When used, the function gives an enable signal at satisfactory voltage conditions across the breaker that is to be closed. The synchro-check function measures the voltages on the busbar side and the line side. It operates and permits closing of the circuit-breaker when the set conditions are met, with respect to the voltage difference (UDiff), the phase-angle difference (PhaseDiff), and the frequency difference (FreqDiff). The energising condition can be set to allow energising in one, or the other, or both directions, e.g. live busbar and dead line. It is possible to have different energising settings for a manual close command and an autoreclose command.
Design
The reclosing function can be selected to perform single-, two- and/or three-phase reclosing from eight single-shot or multi-shot reclosing programs. The three-phase autoreclose open time can be selected to give either high-speed autoreclosing or delayed autoreclosing. Three-phase autoreclosing can be performed with or without the use of the synchronism check or energising function.
Design
The autoreclosing function co-operates with the line protection functions, the trip function, the circuit breaker and the synchro-check function. It can also be influenced by other protection functions through binary input signals.The autoreclosing is a logical function built up by logical elements.
Logic
Three-pole trip logic (TRIP)
Application
The synchro-check for double busbar arrangements includes the voltage selection function. From the auxiliary contacts of the breakers and disconnectors, the terminal can select the right voltage for the synchronism and energising function. The function is also designed to allow manual closing when both sides of the breaker are dead.
The function is intended for use when only a simultaneous three-pole tripping of the circuit breaker(s) is required.
Design
Phasing
Note: This function is not separately available. It is an addition to the Synchro-check and energising check described above.
Application
Phasing of network breakers is to be performed, together with synchro-check, when two asynchronous systems are going to be connected in order to avoid stress on the network and its components. The phasing function compensates for measured slip frequency as well as the circuit-breaker closing delay.
Design
Two functional inputs initiate the outgoing trip command. The first will initiate the trip command only if the function is not blocked or its operation has not been switched off or the terminal is not in a test mode. The second functional input overrides all the above conditions. It is intended for use together with station protection functions, such as breaker failure protection or transfer trip commands received from the remote ends of protected power lines.
Single- or two-pole trip logic (TRIP)

Application
The phasing function also includes the synchro-check function. The phasing function is used when the difference in frequency is less than the set value of the frequency difference for phasing and larger than the set value for synchro-check.
TRIP operates in single-pole trip mode for single-phase faults, in two-pole operating mode for two-phase faults (with or without earth) and in three-pole trip mode for threephase faults. It is also possible to achieve three-pole tripping for both one-phase and two-phase faults.
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Functions (contd)
The function is applicable for all terminals which have built-in phase selection functionality and is used in applications where singlepole tripping is required for single-phase faults due to system stability reasons. The two-pole operating mode can be used on double-circuit parallel lines with single-pole breakers.
Design
Additional configurable logic

Application
Configurable logic is included in basic. Additional logic circuits including more AND/OR gates are also available as an option. With this logic the user can configure different logical functions in the terminals to suit special requirements for different applications.
Special functional inputs are provided for the initiation of a single, two and three-pole trip command. Decision to initiate outgoing trip signals in different phases depends on a presence of corresponding phase selective signals on specially provided functional inputs. Additional logic circuits secure a three-pole final trip command in the absence of the required phase selection signals. The function is equipped with logic circuits, which secure correct operation on evolving faults as well as after the reclosing on persistent faults. Special function inputs are provided to override the internal conditions and initiate an instantaneous three-pole trip command. These inputs could be initiated by different external functions, such as station breaker failure protection, transfer trip from the remote end line terminal, etc.
Communication channel test logic (CCHT)

Application
Many applications in secondary systems require testing of some functionality with confirmed information about the result of the test. Channel test function perform testing of communication (power line carrier) channels in applications, where it is not possible to monitor them continuously by some other means.
Design
Pole discordance logic, contact based (PD)

Application
The logic initiates the sending of an impulse (carrier send signal), which starts the operation of different external functions and checks the feedback from the external function. It reports the successful or non-successful response on initiated test. It is also possible to abort the test with an external signal, which overrules all internal process.
Breaker pole position discordance can occur on operation of a breaker with independent operating gears for the three poles. The reason may be an interruption in the closing or trip coil circuit, or a mechanical failure resulting in a stuck breaker pole. A discordance caused by one pole failing to close or open can be tolerated for a limited time, for instance during a single-phase trip-reclosing cycle.
Design
Binary signal transfer to remote end (RTC)

Application
The binary signal transfer function is preferably used for sending communication scheme related signals, transfer trip and/or other binary signals required at the remote end. Up to 32 freely selectable binary signals, internal or external to the terminals, can be transmitted in both directions over a protected line.
Design
The operation of the pole discordance protection is based on checking the position of the breaker auxiliary contacts. Three parallel normally-open contacts in series with three normally-closed contacts in parallel for the respective breaker poles form a condition of pole discordance, connected to a binary input dedicated for the purpose.
Together with the binary signals internal to the terminal, the function is utilising binary inputs and outputs. The function can be provided with various 56/64 kbit/s communication modules for fibreoptic or galvanic connection. For more information about the available communication alternatives, see Remote end data communication.
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Functions (contd)
Binary signal interbay communication

Application
Fault locator (FLC)

Application
One receiving function block for 16 binary signals and with fast execution time is used to receive information over the LON bus from other REx 5xx terminals. The other terminals must have a corresponding Event function block to send the information. Additional 79 receiving blocks with slower execution time are also available as an option.
An accurate fault locator is an essential complement to the line protection. The fault locator provides distance to the fault together with information about the measuring loop that has been used in the calculation. Possibility of recalculation with changed parameter settings exists. Information on the last 10 disturbances are available. The fault locator algorithm compensates the effect of the load currents, the apparent fault resistance and zero sequence mutual impedance.
Monitoring
Disturbance recorder (DREP)
Application
Trip value recorder (TRVAL)

Application
The disturbance recording function is an important part of a station monitoring system, which enables the evaluation of different events within the power system. The highperformance disturbance recorder can memorise up to 10 analogue channels and 48 binary signals (internal signals to the terminal and/or external signals connected to the binary inputs of the terminal). Any of the recorded analogue channels and binary signals can be programmed to start a recording. Furthermore, analogue channels are programmable for over- and under-functions and the binary signals can start recording on transition from a logical 0 to a logical 1 and vice versa. Pre-fault, post-fault and limit time can be set in wide ranges. Collection of disturbance records is possible locally as well as remotely, using HMI software. Evaluation of the disturbances can be done in the program, type REVAL.
Information on the actual primary and secondary phasors of the voltages and currents are available in the trip value recorder. The prefault and fault values of the applicable voltages and currents are recorded with their phase relations for the last 10 disturbances.
Increased measuring accuracy for U, I, P, Q

Application
To reach a high accuracy in the measurements, a factory calibration of the five current and the five voltage input transformers is made.
Metering
Pulse counter logic
Application
Event recorder (EVR)

Application
An event recording function is available. It presents in a logical order, starting and tripping signals that have occurred in the terminal. Up to 150 time-tagged events for each of the last 10 recorded disturbances are stored. Also internal events, such as setting changes, are stored in the event recorder.
The pulse counter function provides the Substation Automation system with the number of pulses, which have been accumulated in the terminal during a defined period of time, for calculation of, for example, energy values. The pulses are captured on the Binary input module that is read by the Pulse counter function. The number of pulses in the counter is then reported via LON to the station HMI or read via SPA as a service value. The normal use for this function is the counting of energy pulses for kWh and kVarh in both directions from external energy meters.
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Functions (contd)
Miscellaneous
Activation of active setting group (GRP)
Application
The function operates on a phase-segregated basis, if single-pole trip logic has been selected for a particular terminal.
Serial communication
Application
Different system operate conditions require different settings of protection functions used. The 500 series terminals have basically four sets of independent setting groups builtin, which contains all setting parameters for all protection-, control- and monitoring functions used. The user can change the active setting group at any time, locally by means of local HMI or a personal computer, or remotely by means of SMS and SCS as well as by activation of the corresponding functional inputs to the GRP function. Adaptive changing of the active setting group is possible by means of the GRP and some other functions, available within the 500 series terminals.
Design
One or two optional optical serial interfaces, one with SPA or IEC 870-5-103 and the other with LON protocol, for remote communication, enable the terminal to be part of a Substation Control System (SCS) and/or Substation Monitoring System (SMS). These interfaces are located at the rear of the terminal. Two buses can be built up, one independent of another, each of them with different functionalities regarding monitoring and setting of the functions in the terminal. Plastic fibres can be used up to a distance of 30 m (90 ft.). Glass fibres for distances up to 500 m (1500 ft.). An optical network can be used within the SCS system. This enables communication with the terminal through the LON bus from the operators workplace and the control centre. The second bus is used for SMS. It can include different numerical relays/terminals from the PANORAMA range with remote communication possibilities. Connection to a personal computer (PC) can be made directly (if the PC is located in the substation) or by telephone modem through a telephone network with CCITT characteristics.
The GRP functional block has four functional inputs, each corresponding to one of the setting groups stored within the terminal. Activation of any of these inputs changes the active setting group. Four functional output signals are available for the configuration purposes, so that continuous information on active setting groups is available for different purposes.
Dead-line detection (DLD)

Note: This function is not separately available. It is an addition to the automatic switchonto-fault function, the weak-end infeed detection function and the fuse failure function.
Application
Time synchronisation
Application
Different protection, control and monitoring functions require for their proper operation information on the condition of a protected element, such as power lines, etc. The DLD function detects the conditions of a protected element, whether or not it is connected to the rest of the power system.
Design
The terminal has an internal clock, which can be synchronised by means of a minute pulse through a binary input or via the station bus communication.
Local HMI
Application
The function continuously measures all three phase currents and phase voltages of a protected power line. The line is declared as a dead (non-energised) line if all three measured currents and voltages fall below the pre-set values for longer than 200 ms.
The HMI (Human-Machine-Interface) serves as an information unit, presenting in a logical order starting and tripping signals that have appeared during each of the last ten recorded disturbances.
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Functions (contd)
Furthermore, each of the two local HMI possibilities takes over the functionality of the measuring instruments such as the A-meter, V-meter, VAr-meter, W-meter and Hz-meter. The current statuses of all binary input signals and internal logical signals are available too.
Self-supervision with internal event recorder

Application
The self-supervision function operates continuously and includes: - Normal micro-processor watchdog function - Checking of digitized measuring signals - Checksum verification of PROM contents - Checksum verification of types of signal communication - Read-Write-Read-Write cycling of the memory cells and internal registers The self-supervision status is available from the local HMI or via a SMS or SCS system. When an internal fault has occurred, you can retrieve extensive information about the fault from the list of internal events available in the terminal from SMS or SCS. A time-tagged list with the date and time of the last 40 internal events is available here.
Ac/dc measurements
Application
This function provides three-phase or singlephase values of voltage and current. At threephase measurement, the values of active power (W), reactive power (var), frequency (Hz) and the mean value for voltage (U) and current (I) can be calculated. Alarm limits to be used as conditions in the configuration logic can be set. Besides the direct inputs of voltage and current, analogue inputs for mA signals are also available.
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Functions (contd)
Remote end data communication

Application
REx 5xx
REx 5xx < 30 km
The line distance protection terminals are using the communication facilities below, except the dedicated links, together with the optional function, binary signal transfer to remote end. The fibre optical module can communicate without additional units over dedicated fibres up to around 30 km. When greater distances are required to be covered, an external FOX 20 system, available from ABB Network Partner Ltd. (Switzerland), can be used. The FOX 20 works as a repeater in this case and is optically connected, sending the signals on dedicated fibres. With this configuration it is possible to cover distances up to 120 km on single-mode fibres. The FOX 20 can also operate as a multiplexer, in which case a number of 64 kbit/s data channels and RS 232 channel can be transmitted in parallel. Direct galvanic connection to a multiplexer can be done up to a distance of 100 m. The built-in interface in these modules can support the CCITT standard V.35/36 contradirectional, X.21 64 kbit/s and EIA RS 530/ 544 contra-directional 56 kbit/s communication modes. V.35/36 and RS 530/544 codirectional communication modes can be supplied upon request. The CCITT G.703 can be connected over an optional RS 530/544 contra-directional to G.703 converter. The distance between the terminal and the converter is limited to 10 meters. When the distance is too great for direct galvanic connection, a short-range optical modem is used. The distance can be up to 5 km and the optical/galvanic converter can directly support CCITT standard V.35/36 contra-directional as well as X.21 and G.703 communication modes. Direct galvanic communication over twisted pair cable for distances up to 4 km can be done using the short range galvanic modem.
Dedicated link, fibre optical connection

Optical fibres REx 5xx < 30 km FOX 20 MUX
(X80039-2_5)
to the other end
other users
Multiplexed link, fibre optical connection

Galvanic V.35, V.36, X.21, RS530 56/64 kbit/s REx 5xx < 100 m
(X80039-2_6)
MUX
to the other end
other users
Multiplexed link, galvanic connection
(X80039-2_8)
REx 5xx
RS 530/422 < 10 m
Converter G.703
G.703 con-
(X80039-2_7)
REx 5xx
Optical fibres < 5 km
21-15X/16X
V.35/36 (15X X.21 (16X) G.703 (16X)
Multiplexed link, short-range fibre optical connection
Twisted pair cable REx 5xx < 4 km

Dedicated link, short-range galvanic modem Fig. 4 Communication alternatives (not applicable for REC 561)
REx 5xx
(X80039-2_4)
(X80039-2_2)
Optical fibres
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Hardware design
The REx 5xx series mechanical packaging and connecting system consist of a case in which printed circuit boards are inserted. The case is available in different sizes (widths) with the height 6U (265.9 mm). REL 511 is normally assembled in a case with the width 1/2x19". The cover is made of preplated steel sheet, with the different details spot welded together. The outside surfaces are painted light beige. The front plate, which is made of aluminium profile, has a cut-out with a local HMI module. The degree of protection is IP 40, according to IEC 529, for cases with the widths 1/2x19" and 3/4x19". IP 54, for the front area, can be obtained with accessories for flush and semiflush mounting.
The REx 5xx series can be flush, 19"-structure or projection mounted with different mounting kits available. Products assembled in the 1/2x19" and 3/4x19" cases can also be semi-flush mounted. Two cases 1/2x19" can be mounted side-by-side for maximum utilising of space in 19" panels. A test switch, type RTXP, and/or COMBIFLEX modules are added in separate cases of the same basic design as the mechanical packaging of the 500 series. These cases, type RHGS, exist in sizes 1/4x19" and 1/2x19" and can be mounted by the side of REx 5xx products smaller than 1/1x19". All connections are made on the rear of the cases with compression type screw terminal blocks for electrical connections. Serial communication connections are made by fibre optic connectors type Hewlett Packard (HFBR) for plastic fibres or bayonet type ST for glass fibres.
Hardware modules
Transformer module; Five current and five voltage input transformers. Power supply module; For case size 1/2x19" and 3/4x19", this module includes a regulated DC/DC converter that provides stabilised auxiliary voltage to all static circuits together with 4 binary inputs and 5 binary outputs. A/D conversion module; For 10 analogue signals, operating with a sampling frequency of 2000 Hz. Main processing module; All information is processed or passed through this module, such as configuration, settings and communication. Signal processing module; Module with up to 12 digital signal processors, performing all measuring functions. Binary input/output modules; Binary I/O module with 8 inputs, 10 outputs and 2 fast signalling outputs. Binary input module with 16 inputs. Binary output module with 24 single outputs or 12 double-pole command outputs including supervision function. Analogue input module; mA input module for 6 analogue channels. Communication modules; Module for multiplexed link, galvanic connection. Connector type 25 pin D-sub for V35/36, RS 530/ 422 contra-directional or 15 pin D-sub for X.21. Module for multiplexed link, fibre optical connection. The same module is used for dedicated link, fibre optical connection ( 30 km). Connector type FC (FC/PC). Module for multiplexed link, short range fibre optical connection ( 5 km). Connector bayonet type ST. Module for dedicated link, short range galvanic connection ( 4 km), twisted pair cable. Connection made on screw terminals.
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Hardware design (contd)
Layout and dimensions
Protection cover
Mounting angle
96000309
Case size 6U x 1/2 6U x 3/4
B 223.7
F 205.7
H 203.7
96000310
J 227.6
265.9
336
204.1
245.1
255.8
318
190.5
316
(mm)
Flush mounting
Semi-flush mounting
96000285
Cut-out dimensions Case size 6U x 1/2 6U x 3/4 A 1 210.1 322.4 259.3 B 1
C = 4-10 mm D = 16.5 mm E = 187.6 mm without protective cover, 228.6 mm with protective cover F = 106.5 mm G = 97.6 mm without protective cover, 138.6 mm with protective cover
(mm)
96000286
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Wall mounting
96000287
Case size 6U x 1/2 6U x 3/4
A 292 404.3
B 267.1 379.4
272.8
390
247
(mm)
Side-by-side mounting
96000311
Fixing plate
96000312
96000288
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Hardware design (contd)
Rear view layout
Fig. 5
Rear view of REL 511 (standard case size, 1/2x19)
Terminal connections
Fig. 6
Terminal connection without test switch
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Technical data
Table 1: Energising quantities, rated values and limits
Quantity Current Operation range Permissive overload Burden Ac voltage Ph-Ph Operation range Permissive overload Burden Frequency Auxiliary dc voltage EL power consumption basic terminal each output relay power dissipation RL24 = (24/30)V RL48 = (48/60)V RL110 = (110/125)V RL220 = (220/250)V Binary input/output module dc voltage RL Rated value Ir = 1 or 5 A Ir = 1 or 5 A for I5 (0.004-100) Ir 4 Ir cont. 100 Ir for 1 s *) < 0.25 VA at Ir Ur = 100/110/115/120 V Ur = 200/220/230/240 V (0.001-1.5) x Ur 1.5 Ur cont. 2.5 Ur for 1 s < 0.2 VA at Ur fr = 50/60 Hz EL = (48-250) V 16 W 0.15 W max. 0.05 W/input max. 0.1 W/input max. 0.2 W/input max. 0.4 W/input RL24 = (24/30) V RL48 = (48/60) V RL110 = (110/125) V RL220 = (220/250) V 1.0 W 0.15 W max. 0.05 W/input max. 0.1 W/input max. 0.2 W/input max. 0.4 W/input RL24 = (24/30) V RL48 = (48/60) V RL110 = (110/125) V RL220 = (220/250) V 0.5 W max. 0.05 W/input max. 0.1 W/input max. 0.2 W/input max. 0.4 W/input 20 % 20 % 20 % 20 % 20 % 20 % 20 % 20 % Nominal range (0.2-30) x Ir
(80-120) % of Ur
5% 20 %
power consumption each I/O-module each output relay power dissipation RL24 = (24/30)V RL48 = (48/60)V RL110 = (110/125)V RL220 = (220/250)V Binary input module dc voltage RL
power consumption each input module power dissipation RL24 = (24/30)V RL48 = (48/60)V RL110 = (110/125)V RL220 = (220/250)V Binary output module power consumption each output module each output relay
1.0W 0.25 W
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Technical data (contd)
Table 1: Energising quantities, rated values and limits

Quantity mA input module input range input resistance power consumption each mA-module each mA-input Ambient temperature Ripple in dc auxiliary voltage Relative humidity Rated value 20 mA Rin = 194 4W 0.1 W 20 C max. 2 % (10-90) % -5 C to +55 C max. 12 % (10-90) % Nominal range
*) max. 350 A for 1 s when COMBIFLEX test switch included together with the product I2t = 10 kAs
Table 2: Influencing factors, Permissible influence

Dependence on: Ambient temperature Ripple in auxiliary dc voltage Interruption in auxiliary dc voltage without resetting correct function restart time Within nominal range 0.01 % / C Negligible < 50 ms 0- < 100 s Within operative range Correct function Correct function < 50 ms 0- < 100 s
Table 3: Electromagnetic compatibility tests

Test 1 MHz burst disturbance For short-range galvanic modem For galvanic interface *) - common mode - differential mode Electrostatic discharge For short-range galvanic modem For galvanic interface *) Fast transient disturbance For short-range galvanic modem For galvanic interface *) Radiated electromagnetic field disturbance Type test values 2.5 kV 2.5 kV 1 kV 0.5 kV 8 kV 8 kV 4 kV 4 kV 1 kV 10 V/m, (25-1000) MHz Reference standards IEC 60255-22-1, Class III IEC 60255-22-1, Class III Class II Class II IEC 60255-22-2, Class III IEC 60255-22-2, Class III IEC 60255-22-4, Class IV IEC 60255-22-4, Class IV Class II, level 2 IEC 60255-22-3, Class III IEEE/ANSI C37.90.2
*) For FOX6Plus the following modes are not applicable: - V.36/V11 Co-directional according to CCITT - RS530/RS422 Co-directional according to EIA
Table 4: Insulation tests (reference standard: IEC 60255-5)

Test Dielectric test For short-range galvanic modem For galvanic interface *) Impulse voltage test For short-range galvanic modem For galvanic interface *) For other circuits Insulation resistance Type test values 2.0 kV ac, 1 min 2.5 kV ac, 1 min 1.0 kV ac, 1 min 5 kV, 1.2/50 s, 0.5 J 1 kV, 1.2/50 s, 0.5 J 5 kV, 1.2/50 s, 0.5 J >100 M at 500 V dc
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Table 5: CE-mark
Test Immunity Emissivity Low voltage directive Type test values EN 50082-2 EN 50081-2 EN 50178
Table 6: Mechanical tests

Test Vibration Shock and bump Seismic Type test values Class I Class I Class I Reference standards IEC 60255-21-1 IEC 60255-21-2 IEC 60255-21-3
Table 7: Contact data (reference standard: IEC 60255)

Function or quantity Max system voltage Test voltage across open contact, 1 min Current carrying capacity continuous 1s Making capacity at inductive load with L/R>10 ms 0.2 s 1.0 s Breaking capacity for ac, cos >0.4 Breaking capacity for dc with L/R<40ms Trip and Signal relays 250 V ac, dc 1000 V rms 8A 10 A Fast signal relays 250 V ac, dc 800 V dc 8A 10 A
30 A 10 A 250 V/8.0 A 48 V/1 A 110 V/0.4 A 220 V/0.2 A 250 V/0.15 A -
0.4 A 0.4 A 250 V/8.0 A 48 V/1 A 110 V/0.4 A 220 V/0.2 A 250 V/0.15 A 10 nF
Maximum capacitive load
Table 8: Additional General Data

Weight approx. Dimensions width height depth Storage temperature 1/2 of 19" rack: 8.5 kg 3/4 of 19" rack: 11 kg 1/2 of 19" rack: 223.7 mm 3/4 of 19" rack: 336 mm 267 mm 245 mm -40 C to +70 C
Table 9: Front communication

Function Protocol Communication speed Slave number Remote change of active group allowed Remote changed of settings allowed Connectors Value SPA 300, 1200, 2400, 4800 or 9600 bit/s 1 to 899 yes yes special electric/optic cable
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Table 10: Serial communication (SPA)
Function Protocol Communication speed Slave number Remote change of active group allowed Remote changed of settings allowed Connectors and optical fibres Value SPA 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200 or 38400 bit/s 1 to 899 yes/no yes/no glass or plastic
Table 11: Serial communication (LON)

Function Protocol Communication speed Connectors and optical fibres Value LON 1.25 Mbit/s glass or plastic
Table 12: Serial communication (IEC 870-5-103)

Function Protocol Communication speed Connectors and optical fibres Value IEC 870-5-103 9600, 19200 bit/s glass or plastic
Line impedance
Table 13: ZM1, 2, 3, 4, 5 - Zone impedance measuring elements
Function Operate time typical min and max Min. operate current Resetting ratio Resetting time Output signals start and trip zone 1-3 zone 4,5 Setting accuracy Number of zones Impedance setting range at Ir = 1 A reactive reach positive-sequence reactance zero-sequence reactance resistive reach positive-sequence resistance zero-sequence resistance fault resistance for phase - phase faults for phase - earth faults Setting range of timers for impedance zones
*)
Value 28ms Please refer to the separate isochrone diagrams (10-30) % of Ir in steps of 1 % typical 105 % typical 40 ms three-phase or single-phase and three-phase three-phase included in the measuring accuracy 3, 4 or 5, direction selectable
(0.1-400) /phase in steps of 0.01 (0.1-1200) /phase in steps of 0.01 (0.1-400) /phase in steps of 0.01 (0.1-1200) /phase in steps of 0.01 (0.1-400) /loop in steps of 0.01 (0.1-400) /loop in steps of 0.01 (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms
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Table 13: ZM1, 2, 3, 4, 5 - Zone impedance measuring elements

Function Static accuracy at 0 and 85 voltage range (0.1-1.1) x Ur current range (0.5-30) x Ir Static angular accuracy at 0 and 85 voltage range (0.1-1,1) x Ur current range (0.5-30) x Ir Max dynamic overreach at 85 measured with CVTs 0.5 < SIR < 30
*)
Value 5%
5%
Divide specified values by 5 for Ir = 5A
Table 14: GFC - General fault criteria

Function General fault criteria (GFC) - impedance setting range at Ir = 1A *) reactive reach forward positive-sequence reactance zero-sequence reactance reactive reach reverse positive-sequence reactance zero-sequence reactance resistive reach (forward & reverse) for phase - phase faults for phase - earth faults load encroachment safety load impedance angle General fault criteria (GFC) - overcurrent setting range phase currents residual current Timers for the GFC criteria for phase measuring for earth fault measuring Phase preference logic: operate residual current 3I0 operate residual voltage 3U0 voltage phase selection phase - phase phase - earth cyclic tripping phase preference non-cyclic tripping phase preference non-cyclic blocking phase preference *) Divide specified values by 5 for Ir = 5A Value
(0.1-400) /phase in steps of 0.01 (0.1-1200) /phase in steps of 0.01 (0.1-400) /phase in steps of 0.01 (0.1-1200) /phase in steps of 0.01 (0.1-400) /loop in steps of 0.01 (0.1-400) /loop in steps of 0.01 (0.1-400) /loop in steps of 0.01 (5-45) in steps of 1
(10-400) % of Ir in steps of 1 % (10-150) % of Ir in steps of 1 % (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms (20-200) % of Ir in steps of 1 % (30-70) % of Ur in steps of 1 % (10-100) % of Ur in steps of 1 % (20-170) % of Ur in steps of 1 % L1L3L2, L3L1L2 L1L3L2, L1L2L3, L3L2L1, L3L1L2, L2L1L3, L2L3L1 L1L3L2, L1L2L3, L3L2L1, L3L1L2, L2L1L3, L2L3L1
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Table 15: PSD - Power swing detection
Function Impedance setting range at Ir =1A reactive reach, XIN resistive reach, RIN reach multiplication factor reach multiplication factor
*)
Setting range (0.1-400) /phase in steps of 0.01 (0.1-400) /phase in steps of 0.01 (120-200) % of XIN in steps of 1 % (120-200) % of RIN in steps of 1 % (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms voltage range (0.1-1.1) x Ur current range (0.5-30) x Ir voltage range (0.1-1.1) x Ur current range (0.2-30) x Ir
Accuracy
Initial PSD timer Fast PSD timer Hold timer for activation of fast PSD timer Hold timer for PSD detected Timer overcoming 1ph reclosing dead time Timer to time delay block by the residual current On delay timer for blocking of output signal at very slow swings Static accuracy at 0 and 85 Static angular accuracy at 0 and 85
*)
5% 5
Divide specified values by 5 for Ir = 5A
Table 16: ZCOM, ZC1P - Communication logic - Single- and/or three-phase

Function Operational mode Coordination timers Coordination timer Minimum send time Unblocking logic security timer Setting range Intertrip / Permissive underreach / Permissive overreach / Blocking (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms
Table 17: ZCAL - Communication additional logic

Function Weak end infeed trip and echo function Operate voltage U< phase - phase phase - earth Coordination time Current reversal logic activation time delay time delay of CR, CS Setting range
(20-170) % Ur in steps of 1% (10-100) % Ur in steps of 1% (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms
Table 18: SOTF - Automatic switch onto fault logic

Function Minimum duration for open breaker condition Setting range 200 ms
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Table 19: DLD - Dead line detection
Function Automatic check of dead line condition operate phase voltage operate phase current Setting range (10-100) % of Ur in steps of 1% (5-100) % of Ir in steps of 1%
Table 20: ZCLC - Local acceleration logic

Function Operation zone extension Operation loss of load Setting range On / Off On / Off
Current
Table 21: IOC - Instantaneous overcurrent protection
Setting range Operate current I>> phase measuring elements (50-2000)% of Ir in steps of 1% (50-2000)% of Ir in steps of 1% max 15 ms <5% Operate time Accuracy
residual measuring elements Minimum operate time at I > 10 x Iset Dynamic overreach at < 100 ms
Table 22: TOC - Time delayed overcurrent protection

Function Operate current I> phase measuring elements residual measuring elements Time delay phase measuring elements residual measuring elements Dynamic overreach at < 100 ms Setting range (10-400) % of Ir in steps of 1 % (10-150) % of Ir in steps of 1 % (0-60) s in steps of 1ms (0-60) s in steps of 1ms <5% Accuracy
Table 23: BFP - Breaker failure protection

Function Operate current (one measuring element per phase) Retrip time delay t1 Back-up trip time delay t2 Setting range (5-200) % of Ir in steps of 1 % (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms Value Trip operate time Operate time for current detection max 18 ms max 10 ms
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Table 24: TEF - Time delay earth-fault
Function Basic current, inverse time delay: 3I0 Selection of E/F protection Operate value for directional current measurement forward 3I0 at = 65 reverse Characteristic angle Independent time delay Normal inverse characteristic Very inverse characteristic Extremely inverse characteristic Logarithmic characteristic I t = 5, 8 1, 35 ln ------3I 0 Min. operate current for dependent characteristic IMin tMin for dependent charact. Rated voltage Minimum polarising voltage Operate time Resetting time 5 % of t at I = (1.3-29) x 3I0 Setting range (5-300) % of Ir in steps of 1 % Non-directional or Directional Accuracy
(5-35) % of Ir in steps of 1 % 60 % of the setting for forward operation 65 lagging (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms k = (0.05-1.1) in steps of 0.01 k = (0.05-1.1) in steps of 0.01 k = (0.05-1.1) in steps of 0.01 0.5 % 10 ms IEC 255-3 class 5 60 ms IEC 255-3 class 7.5 60 ms IEC 255-3 class 7.5 60 ms
(100-400) % of 3I0 in steps of 1 % (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms Ur 1 % of Ur Value < 70 ms
Table 25: EFC - Earth-fault communication

Function Communication scheme Coordination timer Setting range None, Permissive, Blocking (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms
Table 26: EFCA - Earth-fault communication additional logic

Function Operate voltage for WEI trip Current reversal pickup timer Current reversal delay timer Setting range (5-70) % of Ur in steps of 1 % (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms
Table 27: EF4 - 4 Step earth-fault overcurrent protection

Function Current level for step 1 Definite time delay for step 1 Current level for step 2 Definite time delay for step 2 Current level for step 3 Definite time delay for step 3 Current level for step 4 definite time delay or minimum operate current for inverse time delay Setting range (50-2500) % of Ir in steps of 1 % (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms (20-1500) % of Ir in steps of 1 % (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms (20-1500) % of Ir in steps of 1 % (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms (4-440) % of Ir in steps of 1 % Accuracy
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Table 27: EF4 - 4 Step earth-fault overcurrent protection

Function Definite time delay for step 4 or inverse time additional delay Basic current for inverse time delay Time multiplier for inverse time delay Inverse time minimum delay Operate value for directional current measurement forward 3I0 at = 65 reverse Level of harmonic restrain Characteristic angle Normal inverse characteristic Very inverse characteristic Extremely inverse characteristic Logarithmic characteristic I t = 5, 8 1, 35 ln ------3I 0 Switch onto fault active time Rated voltage (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms Ur 5 % of t at I = (1.3-29) x 3I0 Setting range (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms (4-110) % of Ir in steps of 1 % (0.05-1.10) s in steps of 0.01 s (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms Accuracy
(5-40) % of Ir in steps of 1 % 60 % of the setting for forward operation (20 or 32) % of fundamental level 65 lagging k = (0.05-1.1) in steps of 0.01 k = (0.05-1.1) in steps of 0.01 k = (0.05-1.1) in steps of 0.01 IEC 255-3 class 5 60 ms IEC 255-3 class 7.5 60 ms IEC 255-3 class 7.5 60 ms
Voltage
Table 28: TUV - Time delayed undervoltage protection
Function Operate voltage U< Time delay Setting range (10-100) % of Ur in steps of 1% (0-60) s in steps of 1ms
Table 29: TOV - Time delayed overvoltage protection

Function Operate voltage U> phase measuring elements resudual measuring elements Time delay phase measuring elements residual measuring elements Setting range (50-200)% of Ur in steps of 1% (5-100)% of Ur in steps of 1% (0-60) s in steps of 1ms (0-60) s in steps of 1ms
Power system supervision

Table 30: BRC - Broken conductor check
Function Operate current time delay Setting range (10-100) % of Ir in steps of 1 % (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms
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Table 31: LOV - Loss of voltage check
Function Operate voltage U< Setting range (10-100) % of Ur in steps of 1%
Table 32: OVLD - Overload supervision

Function Operate current I> Time delay Setting range (20-300) % of Ir in steps of 1 % (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms
Secondary system supervision

Table 33: CTSU - CT supervision
Function Operate current I> Setting range (5 - 100)% of Ir in steps of 1%
Table 34: FUSE - Fuse failure supervision function

Function Zero-sequence quantities: operate voltage 3U0 operate current 3I0 Negative-sequence quantities: operate voltage 3U2 operate current 3I2 Setting range (10 - 50)% of Ur in steps of 1% (10 - 50)% of Ir in steps of 1% (10 - 50)% of Ur in steps of 1% (10 - 50)% of Ir in steps of 1%
Control
Table 35: SYNX - Synchro-check with phasing and energising check
Function Synchro check frequency difference limit voltage difference limit phase difference limit Energising voltage level high voltage level low auto-energising period manual energising period Phasing slip frequency breaker closing pulse duration breaker closing time Phase shift line - bus Voltage ratio Ubus/Uline Operate time For synchro check function For energising check function Setting range (50-300) mHz in steps of 10 mHz (5-50) % of Ur in steps of 1 % (5-75) in steps of 1 (50-120)% of Ur in steps of 1% (10-100) % of Ur in steps of 1% (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms (50-500) mHz in steps of 10mHz (0-60) s in steps of 1ms (0-60) s in steps of 1ms (0-360) in steps of 5 (0.20-5.00) in steps of 0.01 Value typical 190 ms typical 80 ms
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Table 36: ARxx - Autoreclosing
Function Number of autoreclosing shots Number of autoreclosing programs Auto-reclosing open time: shot 1 - t1 1ph shot 1 - t1 2ph shot 1 - t1 3ph shot 2 - t2 3ph shot 3 - t3 3ph shot 4 - t4 3ph Reclaim time Inhibit reclosing, reset time Duration of reclosing pulse Synchro-check/Dead line time limit Breaker closed before start Resetting of AR Started after reclosing Wait for Master release Setting range 1-4 6 (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms (0-9000) s in steps of 0.1 s (0-9000) s in steps of 0.1 s (0-9000) s in steps of 0.1 s (0-9000) s in steps of 0.1 s (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms (0-9000) s in steps of 0.1 s 5s (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms (0-9000) s in steps of 0.1 s
Logic
Table 37: Remote end data communication
Function Data communication between the terminals transmission type data transfer rate Galvanic interface Interface type Value
synchronous 56 or 64 kbit/s For G.703 only 64 kbit/s Connection V.36/V11 Co-directional V.36/V11 Contra-directional X.21/X27 RS530/RS422 Co-directional RS530/RS422 Contra-directional G.703 D-sub 15 or 25 pins (G.703 screw) According to CCITT According to CCITT According to CCITT According to EIA According to EIA According to CCITT
Connector type Short-range galvanic modem Range Line interface Connector Isolation Optical interface Type of fibre Optical connector Wave length Optical transmitter injected power Optical receiver sensitivity Transmission distance
max 4 km Balanced symmetrical three-state current loop 5-pin divisible connector with screew connection Galvanic isolation through optocouplers and isolating DC/DCconverter
Graded-index multimode 50/125m Type FC e.g. Diamond HFC-13 1300 nm LED -16 dBm PIN diode -40 dBm max 20 km
Single mode 9/125 m Type FC-PC, e.g. Diamond HPC-10 1300 nm LED -21 dBm PIN diode -40 dBm max 30 km
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Table 37: Remote end data communication

Function Interface type Short-range fibre optical modem Transmission distance Optical fibre Optical connectors Optical budget Interface type max 5 km 1300 nm, multimode fibre ST 15dB Fiberdata specific protocol Value ABB FOX specific protocol
Table 38: Trip logic

Function Tripping action Setting range 3-ph, 1/3-ph, 1/2/3-ph
Table 39: PD - Pole discordance, contact based

Function Auxiliary-contact-based function - time delay Setting range (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms
Table 40: CCHT - Communication channel test logic

Function Time interval for automatic start of testing cycle Time interval available for successful test of an external function Minimum time interval for repeated tests of an external function Duration of CCHT-CS functional output signal Duration of a CCHT-CHOK functional output signal Duration of an inhibit condition after the CCHT-BLOCK input signal resets Setting range (0-90000) s in steps of 0.1 s (0-90000) s in steps of 0.1 s (0-90000) s in steps of 0.1 s (0-90000) s in steps of 0.1 s (0-90000) s in steps of 0.1 s (0-90000) s in steps of 0.1 s
Table 41: Basic logic

Timers Function Timer Long timer Pulse timer Pulse long timer Logic Function AND OR XOR INV SR Number 30 60 39 20 5 2 inputs, 2 outputs (inverted and non-inverted) Description 4 inputs (1 inverted),2 outputs (inverted and non-inverted) 6 inputs, 2 outputs (inverted and non-inverted) 2 inputs, 2 outputs (inverted and non-inverted) Number 10 10 10 10 Setting range (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms (0-90000) s in steps of 0.1 s (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms (0-90000) s in steps of 0.1 s
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Table 42: Additional logic
Timers Function Pulse timer Logic Function AND OR INV Number 239 159 59 Description 4 inputs (1 inverted),2 outputs (inverted and non-inverted) 6 inputs, 2 outputs (inverted and non-inverted) Number 40 Setting range (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms
Monitoring
Table 43: DREP - Disturbance recorder
Function Number of binary signals Number of analogue signals Sampling rate Recording bandwidth Overcurrent triggering Undercurrent triggering Overvoltage triggering Undervoltage triggering Pre-fault time Post fault time Limit time Number of recorded disturbances Total recording time with 10 analogue and 48 binary signals *) recorded Voltage channels dynamic range resolution Current channels dynamic range without dc offset with full dc offset resolution Built-in calendar Setting range 0 - 48 0 - 10 2 kHz (5-250) Hz (0 - 5000) % of Ir in steps of 1 % (0 - 200) % of Ir in steps of 1 % (0 - 200) % of Ur in steps of 1 % at 100 V sec (0 - 110) % of Ur in steps of 1 % (10 - 300) ms in steps of 10 ms (100 - 3000) ms in steps of 100 ms (500 - 4000) ms in steps of 100 ms Max 10 disturbances maximum 40 s
(0.01-2.0) x Ur at 100 V sec. 0.1 % of Ur
(0.01-110) x Ir (0.01-60) x Ir 0.5 % of Ir for 30 years with leap years
*) The amount of harmonics can affect the maximum storage time
Table 44: Event recorder

Function Time tagging resolution Event buffering capacity Max. number of events/disturbance report Max. number of disturbance reports Time tagging error with synchronisation once/1s Time tagging error with synchronisation once/10s Time tagging error with synchronisation once/60s (minute pulse synchronisation) Time tagging error without synchronisation Value 1 ms 150 10 1.5 ms 1.5 ms 1.5 ms 3 ms/min
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Table 45: FLC - Fault locator
Function Distance to fault locator reach for Ir =1 A in resistive direction reactive direction phase selection Setting range
(0 - 1500) /phase (0 - 1500) /phase internal
Table 46: mA measuring function

Function mA measuring function Max current of transducer to input Min current of transducer to input High alarm level for input High warning level for input Low warning level for input Low alarm level for input Alarm hysteresis for input Amplitude dead band for input Integrating dead band for input Setting range 5, 10, 20 mA 0-5, 0-10, 0-20, 4-20 mA (-25 to +25) mA in steps of 0.01 (-25 to +25) mA in steps of 0.01 (-25 to +25) mA in steps of 0.01 (-25 to +25) mA in steps of 0.01 (-25 to +25) mA in steps of 0.01 (-25 to +25) mA in steps of 0.01 (0 - 20) mA in steps of 1 (0 - 20) mA in steps of 1 (0 - 1000) mA in steps of 0.01
Table 47: Mean values

Function Frequency Voltage Current Active power *) Reactive power *)
*) Measured
Setting range (0.95-1.05) x fr (0.1-1.5) x Ur (0.2-4) x Ir at |cos | > 0.9 at |cos | 0.8
Accuracy 0.2 Hz 2.5 % of Ur at U Ur 2.5 % of U at U > Ur 2.5 % of Ir at I Ir 2.5 % of I at I > Ir 5% 7.5 %
at Ur and 20 % of Ir
Table 48: Mean values with increased accuracy

Function Frequency Voltage Current Active power *) Setting range (0.95-1.05) x fr (0.8-1.2) x Ur (0.2-2) x Ir at |cos | > 0.9 0.8 x Ur < U < 1.2 x Ur 0.2 x Ir < I < 2 x Ir Accuracy 0.2 Hz 0.25 % of Ur at U Ur 0.25 % of U at U > Ur 0.25 % of Ir at I Ir 0.25 % of I at I > Ir 0.5 % of Pr at P Pr*) 0.5 % of P at P >Pr*)
*)
Pr active power at U = Ur , I = Ir and |cos | = 1
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Metering
Table 49: Pulse counter for metering
Function Cycle time for pulse counter Setting range (0.5-60) min in steps of 30 s
Ordering
The standard version of REL 511 is a phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth line distance protection terminal with three impedance measuring zones and separate general fault criteria. Independent time-delayed phase overcurrent protection is also included in the standard version.
Basic functions Self-supervision with internal event recorder Real-time clock with external time synchronisation Four groups of setting parameters Local Human Machine Interface (HMI) Configurable logic Service value reading Monitoring of ac analogue measurements Monitoring of dc analogue measurements Note: mA input module required
Ordering Number:
1MRK 002 492-AA
Quantity:
Includes basic functions and the selected functions and hardware options below
Basic data: Frequency, fr Dc voltage, EL 50/60 Hz 48/60/110/125/220/250 V
Basic data to specify: Ac inputs 1 A, 110 V 5 A, 110 V 1 A, 220 V 5 A, 220 V Interface dc voltage 24/30 V 48/60 V 110/125 V 220/250 V 1MRK 000 179-EA 1MRK 000 179-AB 1MRK 000 179-BB 1MRK 000 179-CB 1MRK 000 157-MA 1MRK 000 157-NA 1MRK 000 157-VA 1MRK 000 157-WA
Factory configurations Standard configuration, three pole tripping Standard configuration, single or two pole tripping Customer-specific configuration Quantity: Quantity: Quantity:
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Ordering (contd)
Functions; = function always included = Optional function Line impedance General fault criteria protection, impedance and/or current-based General fault criteria protection with phase preference logic, impedance and/or current based 3 zones phase-phase protection 3 zones phase-earth protection Additional zone 4 protection Additional zone 5 protection Power swing detection Scheme communication logic Current reversal and weak end infeed logic Automatic switch onto fault logic Local acceleration logic Current, phase wise Instantaneous phase overcurrent protection Time-delayed phase overcurrent protection Breaker failure protection Current, residual (earth fault) Instantaneous residual overcurrent protection (non-directional) Time-delayed residual overcurrent protection (non-directional) Inverse time residual overcurrent protection (non-directional) Note: Not selectable in combination with 4-step residual overcurrent protection and residual directional check and communication logic Residual directional check, inverse time residual overcurrent protection and communication logic (directional element) 4-step residual overcurrent protection (directional and non-directional) Voltage, phase wise Time-delayed undervoltage protection Time-delayed overvoltage protection Voltage, residual (earth fault) Time-delayed residual overvoltage protection Power system supervision Broken conductor check Loss of voltage check Overload supervision Secondary system supervision Current circuit supervision (current-based) Fuse failure supervision (Negative sequence) Fuse failure supervision (Zero sequence) 1MRK 001 457-XA 1MRK 001 457-YA 1MRK 001 457-ZA 1MRK 001 457-UA 1MRK 001 457-VA 1MRK 001 457-FA 1MRK 001 459-FA 1MRK 001 457-RA 1MRK 001 457-GA 1MRK 001 456-VA 1MRK 001 456-XA 1MRK 001 456-YA 1MRK 001 457-AA 1MRK 001 457-BA 1MRK 001 458-AA 1MRK 001 456-AA 1MRK 001 456-MA 1MRK 001 456-CA 1MRK 001 456-DA 1MRK 001 456-FA 1MRK 001 456-GA 1MRK 001 456-LA 1MRK 001 456-NA 1MRK 001 455-PA 1MRK 001 456-RA 1MRK 001 456-TA
1MRK 001 456-ZA 1MRK 001 459-HA
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Ordering (contd)
Control Note: Only one alternative for Command control, Synch-check and Autorecloser can be selected respectively. Command control (16 signals) Synchro-check and energising-check, single CB Synchro-check and energising-check, double CB Synchro-check with phasing and energising-check, single CB Synchro-check with phasing and energising-check, double CB Autorecloser logic, 1 and/or 3 phase, single CB Autorecloser logic, 1 and/or 3 phase, double CB Autorecloser logic, 3 phase, single CB Autorecloser logic, 3 phase, double CB Logic Three pole tripping logic Single or two pole tripping logic Pole discordance logic (contact based) Additional configurable logic Communication channel test logic Binary signal transfer to remote end Note: See Communication module alternatives for selecting a comm. module Binary signal interbay communication, high speed (protection application) Monitoring Disturbance recorder, 40 s Event recorder Fault locator Trip value recorder Note: This function is already included in the Fault locator, if selected Increased measuring accuracy for U, I, P, Q Metering Pulse counter logic 1MRK 001 458-TA 1MRK 001 458-NA 1MRK 001 459-KA 1MRK 001 458-RA 1MRK 001 458-SA 1MRK 000 597-PA 1MRK 001 458-VA 1MRK 001 458-XA 1MRK 001 458-UA 1MRK 001 457-MA 1MRK 001 459-NA 1MRK 001 458-ZA 1MRK 001 455-RA 1MRK 001 458-EA 1MRK 001 458-GA 1MRK 001 458-FA 1MRK 001 458-KA 1MRK 001 457-HA 1MRK 001 458-LA 1MRK 001 457-KA 1MRK 001 458-MA 1MRK 001 457-LA
Hardware options; Casing Case size 1/2 x 19" (max. 3 I/O) 1MRK 000 151-FA Standard 3 1 3/4 x 19" (max. 8 I/O) 1MRK 000 151-GA Optional 4 3
Combined binary input/output and output modules (max) mA input module (max)
Note: The communication module option, if selected, occupies one I/O position
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Ordering (contd)
I/O modules 8 modules are available in the 3/4 x 19" case and 3 modules are available in the 1/2 x 19" case. Interface DC voltage Binary input module (16 inputs) 24/30 V 48/60 V 110/125 V 220/250 V Binary input/output module * (8 inputs and 12 outputs) 24/30 V 48/60 V 110/125 V 220/250 V Binary output module (24 single outputs or 12 command outputs) mA input module (6 channels) Quantity Ordering number 1MRK 000 508-DA 1MRK 000 508-AA 1MRK 000 508-BA 1MRK 000 508-CA 1MRK 000 173-GA 1MRK 000 173-AB 1MRK 000 173-BB 1MRK 000 173-CB 1MRK 000 614-AA 1MRK 000 284-AA
Note: * One number input/output module is included.
Remote end data communication module alternatives Note: Applicable only when function Binary signal transfer to remote end is selected. Only one alternative can be selected. Optical fibre or electrical wire is not included. V.35/V.36 contra-directional galvanic interface X.21 galvanic interface RS 530/422 contra-directional galvanic interface Fibre optical modem Short range galvanic modem Short range fibre optical modem V.35/V.36 and RS 530/422 co-directional galvanic interfaces 1MRK 000 185-BA 1MRK 000 185-CA 1MRK 000 185-EA 1MRK 000 195-AA 1MRK 001 370-AA 1MRK 001 370-BA On Request
Serial communication modules Serial communication for SMS and SCS; (one alternative per port)
SMS, port SPA/IEC 870-5-103 (location X13) Plastic/Plastic Glass/Glass SCS, port LON (location X15) Plastic/Plastic Glass/Glass 1MRK 000 168-EA 1MRK 000 168-DA 1MRK 000 168-FA 1MRK 000 168-DA
Engineering facilities HMI language Second language besides English German Russian French Spanish Italian 1MRK 001 459-AA 1MRK 001 459-BA 1MRK 001 459-CA 1MRK 001 459-DA 1MRK 001 459-EA
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Ordering (contd)
Configuration and monitoring tools Front connection cable for PC (Opto/9-pol D-sub) CAP 531, Graphical configuration tool (IEC 1131-3) CAP/REx 500, CAP software module LNT 505, LON configuration tool SLDT, LON configuration module REx 500 available on our website: www.abb.se/net SMS-BASE, Basic program for all SMS applications SM/REx 500, SMS software module REPORT, program for event and alarm handling in SMS RECOM Disturbance collection program REVAL Disturbance evaluation program, English version MicroSCADA tools LIB 520, MicroSCADA engineering tool Quantity: On request Quantity: Quantity: Quantity: Quantity: Quantity: Quantity: Quantity: Quantity: Quantity: 1MKC 950 001-1 1MRK 000 876-KB 1MRK 000 876-PA 1MRS 151 400 1MRK 001 700-4 RS 881 007-AA 1MRK 000 314-MA RS 881 011-AA 1MRK 000 077-DC 1MRK 000 078-AB
Asea Brown Boveri Limited Protection & Substation Automation Plot nos.5 & 6, II Phase .Peenya Indl. Estate, Bangalore-560058 Tel:080-8395181. Telefax:080-8396121 Marketing Offices : Southern Reg.Offices Sona Towers, 71 Miller Road, Bangalore-560 052 Tel:080-2256315 Telefax:080-2254147 77,Harrington Road Chetput Chennai-600 031 Tel:044-8261167 Telefax:044-8257221 Western Regional Offices Northern Regional Offices Vaswani Chambers 264/265, Dr.A.B.Road Worli,Mumbai-400 025 Tel:022-4308231 Telefax:022-4300143 1st Floor,Qutab Institutional Area, Guru Nanak Foundation Building New Delhi-110 067 Tel:011-6515966 Telefax :011-6851721 Chandigarh Tel:0172-606093 Jaipur Tel:0141-382023 Lucknow Tel:0522-281395 Ludhiana Tel:0161-452848 Eastern Regional Offices 9,Lala Lajpat Rai Sarani, (Elgin Road) Calcutta-700 020 Tel:033-2479162 Telefax:033-2472427
Hyderabad Tel:040-3344024 Visakapatnam Tel:0891-550183
Coimbatore Tel:0422-432431 Kochi Tel:0484-318301 Neyveli Tel:04142-52728
Bhopal Tel:0755-586548 Jabalpur Tel:0761-316469 Nagpur Tel:0712-553811 Pune Tel:0212-659055 Vadodara Tel:0265-336486
Bhilai Tel:0788-324783 Bhubaneswar Tel:0674-470955 Jamshedpur Tel:0657-426782

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Line distance protection terminal

Line distance protection terminal

Distance protection (ZM15)

Xph-e Xph-ph Rph-e Rph-ph Zline Fig. 1

Line distance protection terminal

General fault criteria (GFC)

Line distance protection terminal

Power swing detection (PSD)

Xfw Xrv Rf Rld ARGld Fig. 3

Scheme communication logic (ZCOM)

Line distance protection terminal

Current reversal and weak end infeed logics (ZCAL)

Local acceleration logic (ZCLC)

Current, phase wise

Automatic switch onto fault logic (SOTF)

Line distance protection terminal

Time delayed phase overcurrent protection (TOC)

Current, residual (earth fault)

Breaker failure protection (BFP)

Line distance protection terminal

Time delayed overvoltage protection (TOV)

Power system supervision

Line distance protection terminal

Loss of voltage check (LOV)

Overload supervision (OVLD)

Secondary system supervision

Fuse failure supervision (FUSE)

Line distance protection terminal

Synchro-check and energising check (SYNX)

Single- or two-pole trip logic (TRIP)

Line distance protection terminal

Additional configurable logic

Communication channel test logic (CCHT)

Pole discordance logic, contact based (PD)

Binary signal transfer to remote end (RTC)

Line distance protection terminal

Binary signal interbay communication

Fault locator (FLC)

Trip value recorder (TRVAL)

Increased measuring accuracy for U, I, P, Q

Event recorder (EVR)

Line distance protection terminal

Dead-line detection (DLD)

Line distance protection terminal

Self-supervision with internal event recorder

Line distance protection terminal

Remote end data communication

REx 5xx < 30 km

Dedicated link, fibre optical connection

to the other end

Multiplexed link, fibre optical connection

to the other end

Multiplexed link, galvanic connection

Optical fibres < 5 km

V.35/36 (15X X.21 (16X) G.703 (16X)

Multiplexed link, short-range fibre optical connection

Twisted pair cable REx 5xx < 4 km

Line distance protection terminal

Line distance protection terminal