Elx305 Ref Exam Solutions

ELX305 - SCADA AND PLCs
Solutions

Q1

a) Main Factors : Design Errors
Manufacturing Defects
Poor Maintenance
Exceeding Design Limits
Environmental Factors

Students to briefly discuss each factor to get maximum marks
[5 marks]

b) Parallel : ( )( )
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
1 1 1 R R R R R R U U U
S
+ = = =

Hence
2 1 2 1
1 R R R R U R
S S
+ = =
[5 marks]
Series : ( )
3 2 1 2 1 3 2 // 1
R R R R R R R R
S
+ = =
[3 marks]

c)i) ( )
6
4
4
4
5
4
4
4
5
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
3 2 1 2 1
.

|
|
.
|
\
|
+ = + = e e e e e R R R R R R
S

93 . 0 99 . 0 ) 333 . 0 368 . 0 905 . 0 ( = + =
[4 marks]

c)ii)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
} } }

+ = + = = =
0
3 2 1 3 2 3 1
0
3 2 1 2 1
0
dt R R R R R R R dt R R R R R dt R M MTBF
S S

As
M t
e R
/
= then :
[2 marks]
( )
}

+ =
0
/ / / / / / /
3 2 1 3 2 3 1
dt e e e e e e e MTBF
M t M t M t M t M t M t M t

|
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
3 2 1 3 2 3 1
1 1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
M M M M M M M

[4 marks]

6
10
1
1
01 . 0
1
1 . 0
1
1
1
1
01 . 0
1
1
1
1
1 . 0
1
1
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
|
.
|
\
|
+
=

6 6
10 092 . 0 10
111
1
101
1
11
1
=
|
.
|
\
|
+ + = hours
[2 marks]

Q2.

a)
Start Stop Circuit Operation
OFF OFF No change (due to memory of device)
OFF ON Retract actuator
ON OFF Extend actuator
ON ON No change (due to memory of device)

[4 marks]

Cylinder extends slower than it retracts (via variable port).
[2 marks]

b) Supply Security and flow amplification (of actuator drive) by using higher
pressures.
[4 marks]

c)i) Inputs/Outputs refer to presence of pressure

A B Z
OFF OFF OFF
OFF ON ON (via B)
ON OFF ON (via A)
ON ON ON (via A&B)

Pneumatic OR gate [5 marks]

c)ii) The shuttle valve means that a detract will occur if Stop OR the output of the
pressure activated valve.
[2 marks]

Now on pressure supply the valve will be activated and hence a vent placed on
one side of the OR gate ensuring under normal operation that Stop will
dictate operation. The volume will also be charged.
[4 marks]
Shuttle Valve

A B
Z

Should the pressure supply fail then the valve will reset. However the pressure
stored in the volume will only bleed slowly away at a rate determined by the
variable port setting. Therefore pressure will be supplied via the valve/shuttle
to cause a retract of the cylinder!
[4 marks]
Q3 a(i) Factors considered when selecting the a PLC

1) Speed of operation The speed of the PLC is important because it has to be
fast enough to respond to the process which is being controlled. This is
especially important when controlling DC and AC drive controls and rapidly
varying control signals.

2) Number and type of inputs and outputs required Whether the I/O is analogue
or digital, plus the quantity and additional capacity for expansion.
3) Type of construction - Whether a block type PLC would be suitable or
card/slot system is needed.
4) Cost

5) Is Networking required Whether the PLCs can be or are required to be
networked
[6 marks]
Q3a (ii) Factors considered when selecting a PLC network

Key design issues are normally speed of operation, distance between nodes, number
of nodes required, criticality of application

Most likely to be a Bus or Ring configuration

1) Data consideration - What data is going to be shared and communicated
between PLCs and to any SCADA system

2) Speed of operation -

3) Criticality of application -
4) Distance between PLCs
5) Cost
6) Type of cabling - cable or fibre
Fibre optic networks are highly tolerant to interference but can need specialist
to test/commission system
Cables can be prone to damage if not ran correctly, loss of or reduced signal
faults can be difficult to trace
[6 marks]

3 b)

Token Ring : Physical Ring with each station on ring having the opportunity to hold
the token and hence control communication.

Profibus : A Bus which contains a maximum of 3 masters of up to 126 nodes.
Token passing only between masters and slaves can only respond.
As bus then slower speeds.
[6 marks]

3c)

i) Star : Large number of wires required : Expensive and confusing
[2 marks]
Ring : As star (lesser cost) but also potential ground loop problems
[2 marks]

ii) Use a Tree structure by connecting bus structures to each other via
repeaters to boost signal strength
[3 marks]

Q4

a)

[8 marks]

b)i) ( ) C B A C B A X + + = + = .

[4 marks]

b)ii) C A A C B A Y + = + + = .

[4 marks]

b)iii) ( ) C B A C A C A B Z . . . . 1 . + + + =
C A B C B A B . . . + = + =
[4 marks]

I:0/0
O:2/0
T4:0 DN

I:0/1
1 scan cycle
O:2/1
50 seconds
A
B
C
X
A C
Y
B
Z
A C
c) ( )C B A X . + =

( ) ( ) C B A C B A C B A C X Y . . . . . . = = + = =

[5 marks]

Q5.

a)

[6 marks]

I1Card
24V DC
Input
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
COM
24V DC
Output
Cd
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
COM
24V
+
DC
-
Start
Stop
Sensor 1
Process
O2 Card
+
24V
-
DC
Enable
Conv.
Heater
R 1
R 2
110V
AC
R1
M
3Phase
415 volt
Motor Control Center
R2
To Gas
Heater
R1
To MCC
PLC

[13 marks]

Elx305 Ref Exam Solutions

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ELX305 - SCADA AND PLCs

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