Motion of A Projectile: Today's Objectives: In-Class Activities
Motion of A Projectile: Today's Objectives: In-Class Activities
Motion of A Projectile: Today's Objectives: In-Class Activities
Todays Objectives: Students will be able to: 1. Analyze the free-flight motion of a projectile. In-Class Activities: Check Homework Reading Quiz Applications Kinematic Equations for Projectile Motion Concept Quiz Group Problem Solving Attention Quiz
READING QUIZ
1. The downward acceleration of an object in free-flight motion is A) zero C) 9.81 m/s2 B) increasing with time D) 9.81 ft/s2
2. The horizontal component of velocity remains _________ during a free-flight motion. A) zero C) at 9.81 m/s2 B) constant D) at 32.2 ft/s2
APPLICATIONS
A kicker should know at what angle, , and initial velocity, vo, he must kick the ball to make a field goal. For a given kick strength, at what angle should the ball be kicked to get the maximum distance?
APPLICATIONS (continued)
A fireman wishes to know the maximum height on the wall he can project water from the hose. At what angle, , should he hold the hose?
Since ax = 0, the velocity in the horizontal direction remains constant (vx = vox) and the position in the x direction can be determined by: x = xo + (vox)(t) Why is ax equal to zero (assuming movement through the air)?
vy = voy g(t) y = yo + (voy)(t) g(t)2 vy2 = voy2 2g(y yo) For any given problem, only two of these three equations can be used. Why?
EXAMPLE Given: vo and Find: The equation that defines y as a function of x. Plan: Eliminate time from the kinematic equations. Solution: Using vx = vo cos or and vy = vo sin
x t = vo cos
x vo cos
) ( )(
g 2
x vo cos
EXAMPLE (continued)
Simplifying the last equation, we get:
y = (x tan)
g x2 2vo2
(1 + tan2)
The above equation is called the path equation which describes the path of a particle in projectile motion. The equation shows that the path is parabolic.
EXAMPLE II
Given: Snowmobile is going 15 m/s at point A. Find: The horizontal distance it travels (R) and the time in the air.
Solution: First, place the coordinate system at point A. Then write the equation for horizontal motion. + xB = xA + vAxtAB and vAx = 15 cos 40 m/s Now write a vertical motion equation. Use the distance equation. + yB = yA + vAytAB 0.5gctAB2 vAy = 15 sin 40 m/s Note that xB = R, xA = 0, yB = -(3/4)R, and yA = 0. Solving the two equations together (two unknowns) yields R = 42.8 m tAB = 3.72 s
CONCEPT QUIZ 1. In a projectile motion problem, what is the maximum number of unknowns that can be solved? A) 1 C) 3 B) 2 D) 4
2. The time of flight of a projectile, fired over level ground with initial velocity Vo at angle , is equal to A) (vo sin )/g C) (vo cos )/g B) (2vo sin )/g D) (2vo cos )/g
Plan: Establish a fixed x,y coordinate system (in the solution here, the origin of the coordinate system is placed at A). Apply the kinematic relations in x and y-directions.
tAB=
Motion in y-direction: Using
88.27 vA
yB = yA + voy(tAB) g(tAB)2
88.27 vA
ATTENTION QUIZ
1. A projectile is given an initial velocity vo at an angle above the horizontal. The velocity of the projectile when it hits the slope is ____________ the initial velocity vo. A) less than C) greater than B) equal to D) None of the
above. 2. A particle has an initial velocity vo at angle with respect to the horizontal. The maximum height it can reach is when A) = 30 C) = 60 B) = 45 D) = 90