2022+Projectile+Motion+2022+Edited Converted Converted Compressed
2022+Projectile+Motion+2022+Edited Converted Converted Compressed
2022+Projectile+Motion+2022+Edited Converted Converted Compressed
Solution: a = vf – vi / t
a = 260km/h – 0km/h / 29s
a = +9.0km/h/s
The average acceleration of the plane is nine kilometers per
hour per second.
This means that the velocity of the plane changes by 9km/h
every second.
Example No. 2:A train accelerates to a speed of 20
m/s over a distance of 150 m. Determine the
acceleration (assume uniform) for the train.
Example No. 2:A train accelerates to a speed of 20 m/s over
a distance of 150 m. Determine the acceleration (assume
uniform) for the train.
All objects, when ignoring air
resistance, fall with the same
acceleration, g = 9.8 m/s2 downward.
x
y
x
y
x
y
x
y
x
y
•Motion is accelerated
•Acceleration is constant,
and downward
• a = g = -9.81m/s2
•The horizontal (x)
component of velocity is
g = -9.81m/s2 constant
•The horizontal and vertical
motions are independent of
each other, but they have a
common time x
An object projected
horizontally will
reach the ground in
the same time as
an object dropped
vertically.
No matter how
large the horizontal
velocity is, the
downward pull of
gravity is always
the same.
The cannonball falls the same amount of distance as it did when it was merely
dropped from rest
ANALYSIS OF MOTION
ASSUMPTIONS:
• x-direction (horizontal): uniform motion
x DSPL. x = v0 t y = h + ½ g t2
0
Trajectory
x = v0 t y
y = h + ½ g t2 Parabola, open down
h
Eliminate time, t
t = x/v0
y = h + ½ g (x/v0)2 v01 v02 > v01
y = h + ½ (g/v02) x2
y = ½ (g/v02) x2 + h
x
Total Time, Δt Δt = tf - ti
y = h + ½ g t2
final y = 0 y
0 = h + ½ g (Δt)2 ti =0
h
Solve for Δt:
Δt = √ 2h/(-g)
Δt = √ 2h/(9.81ms-2)
tf =Δt
Total time of motion depends
only on the initial height, h x
Horizontal Range, Δx
x = v0 t
final y = 0, time is y
the total time Δt
Δ x = v0 Δ t h
Δt = √ 2h/(-g)
Δx = v0 √ 2h/(-g)
Δx
Horizontal range depends on the
initial height, h, and the initial
velocity, v0 x
VELOCITY
vx = v0
Θ
vy = g t
v
v = √vx2 + vy2
= √v02+g2t2
tg Θ = v / v = g t / v
y x 0
FINAL VELOCITY
vx = v0
Δt = √ 2h/(-g) Θ tg Θ = g Δt / v0
vy = g t
v = -(-g)√2h/(-g) / v0
v = √vx2 + vy2
= -√2h(-g) / v0
v = √v02+g2(2h /(-g))
Θ is negative
v = √ v0 2+ 2h(-g) (below the
horizontal line)
HORIZONTAL THROW - Summary
h – initial height, v0 – initial horizontal velocity, g = -9.81m/s2
vi Initial position: x = 0, y = 0
a =g=
- 9.81m/s2
• Motion is accelerated
• Acceleration is constant, and
downward
• a = g = -9.81m/s2
• The horizontal (x) component of
velocity is constant
• The horizontal and vertical
motions are independent of each
other, but they have a common
time
x
ANALYSIS OF MOTION:
ASSUMPTIONS
• x-direction (horizontal): uniform motion
X Y
Uniform motion Accelerated motion
ACCELERATION ax = 0 ay = g = -9.81 m/s2
X Y
Uniform motion Accelerated motion
ACCELERATION ax = 0 ay = g = -9.81 m/s2
2vi cos2
y = bx + ax2
x
Total Time, Δt
y = vi t sin Θ + ½ g t2
final height y = 0, after time interval Δt
0 = vi Δt sin Θ + ½ g (Δt)2
Solve for Δt:
0 = vi sin Θ + ½ gΔt x
2 vi sin Θ
Δt = t=0 Δt
(-g)
Horizontal Range, Δx
x = vi t cos Θ y
final y = 0, time is
the total time Δt
Δx = vi Δt cos Θ
2 vi sin Θ
Δt = x
(-g) 0
sin (2 Θ) = 2 sin Θ cos Θ
Δx
2vi 2 sin Θ cos Θ vi 2 sin (2 Θ)
Δx = Δx =
(-g) (-g)
Horizontal Range, Δx
vi 2 sin (2 Θ)
Δx =
(-g)
Θ (deg) sin (2 Θ)
•CONCLUSIONS:
0 0.00
•Horizontal range is greatest for the
15 0.50 throw angle of 450
30 0.87
45 1.00 •Horizontal ranges are the same for
60 0.87 angles Θ and (900 – Θ)
75 0.50
90 0
Projectiles Launched at an Angle
2vi cos2
35
30
vi = 25 m/s
15 deg
25 30 deg
45 deg
20
60 deg
15
75 deg
10
0
0 20 40 60 80
Velocity
2 vi sin Θ
Total time Δt =
(-g)
vi 2 sin (2Θ)
Δx =
Horizontal range
(-g)
vi2 sin2 Θ
Max height hmax =
2(-g)
A plastic ball that is released with a velocity of 15 m/s stays in the air
for 2.0 s.
a. At what angle with respect to the horizontal was it released?
vo sin
t=
g
9.8(1)
sin =
tg = sin −1
= 40.8º
vo 15
b. What was the maximum height achieved by the ball?
y = voy t +½gt2
= (15)(sin 40.8º)(1) + ½(-9.8)(1)2
= 4.9 m
TRUE OR FALSE
1. As a projectile rises towards the peak of its
trajectory, the vertical acceleration will decrease;
as it falls from the peak of its trajectory, its
vertical acceleration will decrease.
2. As a projectile rises towards the peak of its
trajectory, the vertical acceleration is directed
upward; as it falls from the peak of its trajectory,
its vertical acceleration is directed downward.
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE - This would be a true description of the vertical
velocity. But the vertical acceleration is a constant value
of 9.8 m/s/s throughout the entire trajectory.
FALSE - Not only is the magnitude of the vertical
acceleration a constant value throughout a projectile's
trajectory, the direction is constant as well. Projectile's at
all times regardless of any other variable will accelerate
downwards at 9.8 m/s/s. This is perhaps the most
important truth to digest about projectiles.
PROJECTILE MOTION - SUMMARY
❖ Projectile motion is motion with a constant
horizontal velocity combined with a constant
vertical acceleration
❖ The projectile moves along a parabola
Quality Education
❖ Understanding how projectile motion works is
very beneficial in determining how to best propel
an object. For example in javelin throw, being
able to calculate the different variables helps the
athlete to develop a better technique for them
personally in order to throw the longest distance.
❖
Summary
❖ What is Projectile Motion?
❖ When a particle is thrown obliquely near the
earth’s surface, it moves along a curved path under
constant acceleration that is directed towards the
centre of the earth (we assume that the particle
remains close to the surface of the earth). The path
of such a particle is called a projectile and the
motion is called projectile motion.
❖ In a Projectile Motion, there are two
simultaneous independent rectilinear motions:
❖ Along the x-axis: uniform velocity, responsible for
the horizontal (forward) motion of the particle.
❖ Along y-axis: uniform acceleration, responsible
for the vertical(downwards) motion of the
particle.
At the end of the lesson, I have able
to:
❖ describe the Uniformly Accelerated Motion
(UAM) qualitatively and quantitatively.
❖ identify the horizontal and vertical motions of a
projectile.
❖ solve problems with projectiles launched
horizontally and released at an angle.