Effect of Turbulent Fluctuations On Mean Flow: Reynolds-Averaging
Effect of Turbulent Fluctuations On Mean Flow: Reynolds-Averaging
Effect of Turbulent Fluctuations On Mean Flow: Reynolds-Averaging
1 u ( x, y , z ) = lim u ( x, y , z , t )dt T T 0
T
This allows us to split the flow properties into a mean and a fluctuating part:
u ( x, y , z , t ) = u ( x, y , z ) + u( x, y , z, t ) v ( x, y , z , t ) = v ( x, y , z ) + v( x, y , z, t ) w( x, y , z, t ) = w( x, y , z ) + w( x, y , z, t ) p ( x, y , z , t ) = p ( x, y , z ) + p( x, y , z, t )
{u u }dt = lim
0 T
1 udt T T 0
1 lim udt u = u T 0
u
=0
u = u u N
Now, we will develop equations which govern the mean flow and try to develop some insight into how the fluctuations alter the mean flow equations. Lets start with incompressible flow and look at the x momentum:
x momentum: 2u 2u 2u 1 p u u u u +u +v +w = + 2 + 2 + 2 x t x y z y z x
Lets look at the averaging of this equation in time to develop an equation for the mean flow.
1 T T lim
[ x mom]dt or
0
x mom
time-average of x-momentum
But,
u = 0 thus: t
T T u 1 u 1 u = dt dt = lim T T T T t t t T 0 0
lim
u = 0. t
u =0 t
Lets skip over to the pressure term and look at its average:
p p p p p p = + = + x x x x x x p p p = + x x x p p p = + x x x But, p = 0 thus:
p p = x x
Similarly,
2u 2u 2u 2u 2u 2u + + = + + x 2 y 2 z 2 x 2 y 2 z 2
16.100 2002
2u 2u 2u 1 p u u u u +v +w = + 2 + 2 + 2 x y z y z x x
u : x
Question:
What does u
a)
u x u u + u x x u u + u x x
b)
c) d)
16.100 2002