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    Module-27A: Frames

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    jhacademyhyd
    This document discusses various methods for finding the slope and deflections at sections in beams and frames, which are important for structural analysis. It describes six main methods - double integration, moment area, Muller-Breslau, conjugate beam, unit load, and strain energy methods. For each method, it provides the key equations and explanations of how to use the method to determine displacements in statically determinate structures.

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    Module-27A: Frames

    Uploaded by

    jhacademyhyd
    51 views4 pages
    This document discusses various methods for finding the slope and deflections at sections in beams and frames, which are important for structural analysis. It describes six main methods - double integration, moment area, Muller-Breslau, conjugate beam, unit load, and strain energy methods. For each method, it provides the key equations and explanations of how to use the method to determine displacements in statically determinate structures.

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    module-27A

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    27A.docx

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    This document discusses various methods for finding the slope and deflections at sections in beams and frames, which are important for structural analysis. It describes six main methods - double integration, moment area, Muller-Breslau, conjugate beam, unit load, and strain energy methods. For each method, it provides the key equations and explanations of how to use the method to determine displacements in statically determinate structures.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    51 views4 pages

    Module-27A: Frames

    Uploaded by

    jhacademyhyd
    This document discusses various methods for finding the slope and deflections at sections in beams and frames, which are important for structural analysis. It describes six main methods - double integration, moment area, Muller-Breslau, conjugate beam, unit load, and strain energy methods. For each method, it provides the key equations and explanations of how to use the method to determine displacements in statically determinate structures.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Sub: Structural Engineering

    Topic : Structural Analysis

    MODULE-27A
    Frames
    Displacements in statically determinate structures: Beams and frames: Deflection and slope of a beam subjected to uniform bending moment:

    Neglecting

    is deflection at centre of beam

    n For small angle n is the slope at end

    Relation between slope, deflection and radius of curvature:

    JH ACADEMY

    Page 1

    Sub: Structural Engineering

    Topic : Structural Analysis

    R= But n Or Differentiating n n o

    ( ( ) )

    F=EI =

    Defle Slope=

    on y

    Bending moment=EI. Shearing force=EI The rate of loading =EI. The following are the important methods for finding the slope and deflections at a section in a closed beam. 1. Double integration method 2. Moment area method 3. M ul y me hod JH ACADEMY Page 2

    Sub: Structural Engineering 4. Conjugate beam method 5. Unit load method 6. Strain energy method

    Topic : Structural Analysis

    1. Double integration method: The bending moment M (x) at a location x in a beam is directly proportional to the curvature. ( ), the constant of proportionality being the flexural rigidity EI. Hence after finding the bending moments in a statically determinate beam, we can easily get the curvatures. The curvature ( ) is (approximately) equal to the second derivative of the deflection ( ). By integrating this differential equation and applying appropriate boundary ( ). conditions. We can generate expressions for the slope ( ) 2. Moment area method: I: The change in slope ( ) between two points A and B on the deflection diagram (elastic curve) of a beam is equal to the under curvature diagram between these two points. = area of ( ) between A and B Moment area theorem II: The vertical deviation of point B on the elastic curve with respect to the tangent at another point A on the elastic curve (tangential deviation ) is equal to the moment of the area of the curvature diagram between the two points about the point B. 3. M ul y me hod: It is similar to double integration method only difference is that in double integration method different expressions for B.M are required, for different portions which are separated by point loads where as single expression which is separated by vertical lines for different portions. Stop at the vertical line for evaluating the deflection in first portion and consider after the vertical line for second portion. The constants of integration should be written after the first term. The brackets are integrated as a whole. 4. Conjugate beam method: In statically determinate structures, we generally find the force response is easier to evaluate then the displacement response. The conjugate beam method is an ingenious device of converting the problem of kinematics to one of statics, in flexural members. The slope ( ) and deflection ( ) are related to the curvature ( ) is exactly the same way as the shear force S(x) and bending moment M(x) are related to the load intensity q(x). If we visualize an equivalent beam, called conjugate beam, with appropriate boundary conditions, with a distributed loading (x) equal to curvature ( ) acting on the conjugate beam, then at any point x, the shear force (x) will be equal to the slope ( ) in the real beam and the bending moment (x) will be equal to the deflection ( )

    JH ACADEMY

    Page 3

    Sub: Structural Engineering

    Topic : Structural Analysis

    Boundary conditions: (i) The fixed end becomes free and free end becomes fixed in the conjugate beam. (ii) The hinged/roller support remains unchanged in the conjugate beam. (iii) A continuous beam support is replaced by an internal hinge in the conjugate beam, and internal hinge become intermediate support in the conjugate beam. 5. Unit load method: Deflection at j or slope at j ( ) ( ) ( ) = curvature at x ( )= B.M at x due to unit load or moment at x. 6. Strain energy method: [ ] = * + Where U= strain energy M= bending moment due to external load as Well as virtual load P at the point where The deflection is needed. Trusses: Unit load method: = where Where = = co-efficient of thermal expansion. Temperature rise. Effect of temperature change: ( )

    JH ACADEMY

    Page 4

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