Brosur Tensar Ground Stabilisation With Geogrid Biaxial
Brosur Tensar Ground Stabilisation With Geogrid Biaxial
Brosur Tensar Ground Stabilisation With Geogrid Biaxial
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Using Tensar biaxial geogrids in road • Reduces excavation, disturbance
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construction can solve or reduce the and subsequent disposal of
problems described above. Designers subgrade soils
can optimise their pavement design,
especially when conditions are • Improves fill compaction
challenging. Contractors can reduce
cost and save time. Including Tensar • Increases design life and improves
biaxial geogrids in a pavement: life-cycle management The unique cross-sectional shape of Tensar ribs provides bearing points for aggregate particles and works like the triangular rack supporting a pyramid of snooker balls.
The interlocking between the geogrid and the aggregates particles limits lateral movement when dynamic loading is applied.
Do geotexiles work in the same way? Designing pavements with Tensar geogrid
4 This is a common question when are designed to reinforce a pavement Design of road pavements depends on: typical sub-base gradings (75mm
considering using a geogrid in a road by developing tension, then they • Subgrade strength (CBR) maximum particle size). Tensar SSLA
pavement. The answer is: NO. must form a “tensioned membrane” biaxial geogrids have larger apertures
• The properties of the fill/aggregates
Geotextiles cannot interlock with which requires large deformations, making them suitable for aggregates of
• The number and loading of the axles larger particle size. Two grades are
aggregate particles, so they cannot and fixed wheel paths. It is not
generate the same very efficient suitable for use in the design of • The maximum rut depth or available SSLA20 and SSLA30. Choice of
bearing capacity grade depends principally on subgrade
interaction and confinement of the normal surfaced or permanent
aggregate. Geotextiles are normally pavements. The difference is Tensar International provides a full condition and strength, but axle load
design service and has developed and service life are also taken into
used as separators only, but if they illustrated on the diagrams below.
sophisticated computer software based account. In addition, Tensar SS-G and
on a number of different national SSLA-G are geocomposite products
Designing with Tensar geogrids results in reduced layer thickness.
pavement design guidelines. comprising a Tensar biaxial geogrid
The reinforcing benefit of Tensar laminated to a non-woven geotextile.
geogrids is incorporated in the design The products are particularly suited for
methods, using data from independent use with uniformly sized aggregates.
pavement tests and trafficking trials. Documents giving detailed
These methods of designing reinforced recommendations for choice of grid type
pavements are reliable and have been in are available from Tensar International.
use for many years. Detailed test and No responsibility is accepted by
trial data are given in “Properties and Tensar International for any project
Performance of Tensar Biaxial Geogrids”, which does not involve the use of
available from Tensar International. Tensar biaxial geogrids installed
Designs are carried out using sophisticated software. Tensar SS biaxial geogrids are pursuant to Tensar International’s
manufactured in three grades (SS20, full design service.
SS30 and SS40) with apertures suited to
Installing Tensar biaxial geogrids using an overlap between Rolls of Tensar biaxial geogrid are light It is important that fill is placed correctly
adjacent rolls.
and stiff, and do not require a core. for maximum benefit. It should be tipped
They can easily be lifted and rolled out onto stockpiles on top of the existing
by two workers. Special lifting frames placed material, then a mechanical
and cranes are not required. They are excavator or bulldozer should lift and
normally held in position by small piles cascade the material onto the grid.
of fill. If the material is pushed forwards from a
stockpile, then it can create a bow wave,
Adjacent rolls are usually overlapped and over soft soils it will tend to push the
This difference in performance is a similar rut has developed at the top
to give continuity of the reinforcing grid into the subgrade soils. This will
emphasised by the rut profiles shown of the subgrade. This results in
function. The required overlap is diminish the interlocking effect.
above, measured as part of a detailed remoulding and softening of the Adjacent rolls may be joined together using HDPE braid.
pavement trial carried out by TRL subgrade. For the Tensar SS30 section,
If the fill grading requires a geotextile
(Transport Research Laboratory, UK). after 10,000 passes the rut in the sub-
separator as well as geogrid
These are cross-sections of the trial base is much smaller with little heave,
reinforcement, both functions can be
pavement, showing both the top of and the rut in the subgrade is
served by a single Tensar SS-G composite.
the sub-base (320 mm thick) and the negligible with no heave (mainly
top of the subgrade (CBR = 1.5%), consolidation settlement of the clay
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before and after completion of subsoil). The strength of the woven
trafficking. After 5000 passes a deep geotextile is slightly higher than that
rut has formed in the geotextile of Tensar SS30, yet performance is
reinforced sub-base with a quite different.
Correct method of placement and spreading of granular Tensar SS-G composite.
considerable amount of heave, and material is important.
AIRPORT PAVEMENTS unsurfaced. Tensar biaxial geogrids
have been used in many such
Loadings on airport pavements are
6 applications, frequently with multiple
very high, and frequently lead to layer construction. Performance of
multi-layer reinforced construction. these types of pavement in service has
The US Army Corps of Engineers shown that reinforcement improves
carried out some special pavement traffickability and reduces
trials in the early 1990’s to examine maintenance and regrading.
the benefit of geogrid reinforcement
in aircraft pavements. These well WHARF AND PORT AREAS
New taxiway at Adelaide Airport (Australia). documented comparative trials
showed that Tensar biaxial geogrids Wharf and port areas are subject to
were the only materials used which heavy loads from cranes and transport
Road widening, Auckland (New Zealand).
gave a significant improvement in vehicles, as well as from the goods
performance. being handled. The subgrades are
frequently poor marginal soils or fills.
Versatility of Tensar biaxial geogrids HEAVY DUTY HANDLING AREAS Tensar biaxial geogrids improve
bearing capacity and help to create
Since the early 1980’s several hundred MAJOR HIGHWAYS Container yards, logging areas and high quality pavements.
million square metres of Tensar biaxial fabrication sites frequently require
Major highways require large vehicles with very high track or axle
geogrids have been used in tens of
investment, and the cost of pavement loads, and the pavements are often
thousands of projects. They have been
building materials is normally a Wharf area (Latvia).
used in most countries in the world,
significant proportion. Also, costing of
under a wide variety of climates and
soil conditions, and frequently they
this type of pavement must take into
account future maintenance, in terms
Tensar SS geogrid properties
have been used to solve difficult
of overlays and possible reconstruction.
design or construction problems. Property Units Tensar geogrid *SS-G & SSLA-G
Using Tensar biaxial geogrids can
Getting access over very soft subgrade. SS20* SS30* SS40* SS2 SSLA20* SSLA30* Geocomposite properties
ACCESS OVER VERY SOFT SUBGRADE reduce the cost of capital investment
Polymer (1) PP PP PP PP PP PP All of the geogrids marked * are also available as
and future maintenance. Minimum carbon black (2) % 2 2 2 2 2 2 a geocomposite. The geocomposite comprises
Some subgrades are so soft or
Roll width m 4.0 & 3.8 4.0 & 3.8 4.0 & 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.8 the geogrid heat bonded to a geotextile
waterlogged that the main problem is ROAD WIDENING
Roll length m 50 50 30 50 50 50 separator. The properties of the geotextile are
to get access to place fill or sub-base Unit weight kg/m2 0.22 0.33 0.53 0.29 0.22 0.32 given in the following table.
Widening existing roads is common
material. These include very soft mud, Roll weight kg 46 & 44 67 & 64 65 & 62 60 43 65 Geotextile component
due to increasing traffic and
peat and tailings deposits. Tensar Dimensions Puncture resistance (CBR) (5) N >1500
requirements for higher standards.
biaxial geogrids act like a “snow- AL mm 39 39 33 28 65 65 Effective opening size (6) µm 125
Generally the existing road must be
shoe”, providing immediate support AT mm 39 39 33 40 65 65 Permeability (7) m/s 0.135
kept open, and there are frequently
to workers and the initial fill layers. WLR mm 2.2 2.3 2.2 3.0 4.0 4.0 Unit weight (8) kg/m2 0.16
services already in place. Using Tensar WTR mm 2.4 2.8 2.5 3.0 4.0 4.0
In addition, the interlocking effect
geogrids can reduce the thickness of tJ mm 4.1 5.0 5.8 3.8 4.4 7.0
allows some compaction to be
Temporary access road across peat swamp, the new pavement, thereby tLR mm 1.1 2.2 2.2 1.2 0.8 1.7 Roll Width
Machap (Malaysia). achieved, even in the fill directly Roll Length
(Transverse)
minimising disruption. This can also tTR mm 0.8 1.3 1.4 0.9 0.8 1.5 (Longitudinal)
above the soft subgrade. tJ tTR
help avoid relocation of existing Rib shape Rectangular with square edges Ribs