A2 Biology Definitions (Ecology&speciation)
A2 Biology Definitions (Ecology&speciation)
A2 Biology Definitions (Ecology&speciation)
H.J.Hong
Biotic factors
Intraspecific competition
Interspecific competition
Saprotrophs/Saprophytes
Detritivores Food chain Trophic level Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) Net Primary Productivity (NPP) Succession Climax community Plagioclimax Carbon sink
A2 Biology
H.J.Hong
Biofuel Reforestation
Any source of energy produced by recent photosynthesis. It is a renewable energy source and it is carbon neutral. Replanting trees to replace those that have been felled.
SPECIATION Genome Proteome Proteomics All the DNA of an individual. All the proteins produced from DNA. The proteins produced vary throughout life due to differential gene expression. A study of proteins and how they are used in for different characteristics. A group of organisms with many similar features who can interbreed and give rise to fertile offspring. There is a gene flow between members of a species and 2 breeds belonging to same species can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Members of a species cannot produce fertile offspring with members of another species. The process by which one or more new species arise from a pre-existing species. Separation of organisms that restricts the gene flow. Separation of one species into 2 populations and prevent interbreeding. A physical barrier and it will prevent interbreeding. E.g. river and mountain. The species occupy different parts of habitat and do not come into contact during reproductive seasons. Many organisms having mating or flowering periods confined to few hours or days. They reproduce at different times if the 2 populations get out of synchronization. The species exist in the same area but do not respond to each other s courtship behaviour. The male gamete cannot penetrate female gametes, prevents copulation and they may not be able to recognise their partners. Zygotes fail to develop properly and die during embryonic development or result in offspring with severe abnormalities so they cannot reproduce successfully. Offspring fail to thrive and grow properly. Offspring may appear healthy but are infertile such as the mule which is the healthy, useful but infertile offspring of a horse and a donkey. The change in allele frequency which is brought about by gene mutations and natural selection. Number of times occurring for 1 allele within a population or a gene pool.
Species
Speciation Isolation mechanism Reproductive isolation Geographical isolation Ecological isolation Temporal isolation Behavioural isolation Gametic isolation Low hybrid zygote vigour Low hybrid adult viability Hybrid infertility Evolution Allele frequency