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    Abruptio Placenta

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    Juan Carlo Z. Solidum
    Abruptio placentae, or placental abruption, is the premature separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus. This can cause heavy bleeding in the mother and deprive the fetus of oxygen and nutrients. Symptoms include painful vaginal bleeding, uterine tenderness, and signs of maternal or fetal distress. Risk factors include previous abruption, high blood pressure, trauma, and substance abuse. Treatment involves monitoring the condition, assessing need for immediate delivery by cesarean section, and managing complications. Outcomes depend on the extent of separation and degree of fetal hypoxia and bleeding.

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    Abruptio Placenta

    Uploaded by

    Juan Carlo Z. Solidum
    225 views5 pages
    Abruptio placentae, or placental abruption, is the premature separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus. This can cause heavy bleeding in the mother and deprive the fetus of oxygen and nutrients. Symptoms include painful vaginal bleeding, uterine tenderness, and signs of maternal or fetal distress. Risk factors include previous abruption, high blood pressure, trauma, and substance abuse. Treatment involves monitoring the condition, assessing need for immediate delivery by cesarean section, and managing complications. Outcomes depend on the extent of separation and degree of fetal hypoxia and bleeding.

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    OB Complication

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    Abruptio placentae, or placental abruption, is the premature separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus. This can cause heavy bleeding in the mother and deprive the fetus of oxygen and nutrients. Symptoms include painful vaginal bleeding, uterine tenderness, and signs of maternal or fetal distress. Risk factors include previous abruption, high blood pressure, trauma, and substance abuse. Treatment involves monitoring the condition, assessing need for immediate delivery by cesarean section, and managing complications. Outcomes depend on the extent of separation and degree of fetal hypoxia and bleeding.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    225 views5 pages

    Abruptio Placenta

    Uploaded by

    Juan Carlo Z. Solidum
    Abruptio placentae, or placental abruption, is the premature separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus. This can cause heavy bleeding in the mother and deprive the fetus of oxygen and nutrients. Symptoms include painful vaginal bleeding, uterine tenderness, and signs of maternal or fetal distress. Risk factors include previous abruption, high blood pressure, trauma, and substance abuse. Treatment involves monitoring the condition, assessing need for immediate delivery by cesarean section, and managing complications. Outcomes depend on the extent of separation and degree of fetal hypoxia and bleeding.

    Copyright:

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    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Abruptio Placentae

    City Health Office, Roxas City December 12-14, 2013

    Submitted by: Solidum, Juan Carlo Z. BSN 4 Non-Maleficence

    Submitted to: Mrs. Guada Dumapit, RN, MAN Clinical Instructor

    Abruptio Placentae Premature separation of normally implanted placenta, may be marginal (near edge) with dark red vaginal bleeding or central (at center) with concealed bleeding. Clinical Manifestations: 1. Painful dark red vaginal bleeding 2. Uterine rigidity and tenderness 3. Rapid signs and symptoms of maternal shock and/ or fetal distress 4. Back pain 5. Abdominal pain Causes: - Unknown but possible causes include trauma or injury to the abdomen from an auto accident or fall, for example or rapid loss of the fluid that surrounds and cushions the baby in the uterus. Risk Factors: Previous placental abruption. If you've experienced placental abruption before, you're at higher risk of experiencing it again. High blood pressure. High blood pressure whether chronic or as a result of pregnancy increases the risk of placental abruption. Abdominal trauma. Trauma to your abdomen such as from a fall or other type of blow to the abdomen makes placental abruption more likely. Substance abuse. Placental abruption is more common in women who smoke or use cocaine during pregnancy. Premature rupture of the membranes. During pregnancy, the baby is surrounded and cushioned by a fluid-filled membrane called the amniotic sac. The risk of placental abruption increases if the sac leaks or breaks before labor begins. Blood-clotting disorders. Any condition that impairs your blood's ability to clot increases the risk of placental abruption. Multiple pregnancy. If you're carrying more than one baby, the delivery of the first baby can cause changes in the uterus that trigger placental abruption before the other baby or babies are delivered. Maternal age. Placental abruption is more common in older women, especially after age 40. Incidence: It occurs in about 10% of pregnancies and is the most common cause of perinatal death. Medical Management: 1. Blood tests 2. Ultrasound 3. Immediate delivery usually Cesarean Section Nursing Management: 1. Continuous evaluate maternal and fetal physiologic status, particularly: Vital Signs

    2. 3.

    4. 5.

    Bleeding Electronic fetal and maternal monitoring tracings Signs of shock rapid pulse, cold and moist skin, decrease in blood pressure Decreasing urine output Never perform a vaginal or rectal examination or take any action that would stimulate uterine activity. Asses the need for immediate delivery. If the client is in active labor and bleeding cannot be stopped with bed rest, emergency cesarean delivery may be indicated. Provide appropriate management. On admission, place the woman on bed rest in a lateral position to prevent pressure on the vena cava. Insert a large gauge intravenous catheter into a large vein for fluid replacement. Obtain a blood sample for fibrinogen level. Monitor the FHR externally and measure maternal vital signs every 5 to 15 minutes. Administer oxygen to the mother by mask. Prepare for cesarean section, which is the method of choice for the birth Provide client and family teaching. Address emotional and psychosocial needs. Outcome for the mother and fetus depends on the extent of the separation, amount of fetal hypoxia and amount of bleeding.

    Summary Placental abruption in pregnancy means the placenta has detached from the wall of the uterus, either partly or totally. This can cause heavy bleeding in the mother and can starve the unborn baby of oxygen and nutrients. The condition is also known as placental abruptio or abruptio placenta. Symptoms include bleeding, abdominal pain and frequent uterine contractions.

    Reference: Online: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/placental-abruption-clinical-features-anddiagnosis

    SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

    Rupture of maternal vessels In the decidua basalis

    Bleeding from the fetal-placental vessels

    Accumulating blood splits the decidua

    Bleeding may be small and selflimited

    Leading to complete or near complete placental separation

    Detached portion of the placenta is unable to exchange gases and nutrients

    Fetus becomes compromised

    CONCEPT MAP

    Predisposing Factors Maternal Age (40) ABRUPTIO PLACENTAE

    Precipitating Factors Previous placental abruption High blood pressure Abdominal trauma Substance abuse Premature rupture of the membranes Blood-clotting disorders Multiple pregnancy

    Clinical Manifestations Unknown cause 1. Painful dark red vaginal bleeding 2. Uterine rigidity and tenderness 3. Rapid signs and symptoms of maternal shock and/ or fetal distress 4. Back pain 5. Abdominal pain

    Medical Management 1. Blood tests 2. Ultrasound 3. Immediate delivery usually Cesarean Section

    1. Continuous evaluate maternal and fetal physiologic status. 2. Asses the need for immediate delivery. If the client is in active labor and bleeding cannot be stopped with bed rest, emergency cesarean delivery may be indicated. 3. Provide appropriate management. 4. Provide client and family teaching. 5. Address emotional and psychosocial needs. Outcome for the mother and fetus depends on the extent of the separation, amount of fetal hypoxia and amount of bleeding.

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