E TN SWD Aci318 02 010

COMPUTERS AND STRUCTURES, INC.
, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA AUGUST 2007
SHEAR WALL DESIGN ACI 318-02
Technical Note Wall Pier Boundary Elements

This Technical Note describes how the program considers the boundary element requirements for each leg of concrete wall piers using ACI 318-02. The program uses an approach based on the requirements of Section 1921.6.6.4 in UBC 97 when ACI 318-02 code is selected for design. Note that the boundary element requirements are considered separately for each design load case that includes seismic load. Note: The program considers only the requirements of Section 1921.6.6.4 of UBC 97 in determining boundary element requirements. Section 1921.6.6.5 is not considered by the program.
Details of Check for Boundary Element Requirements

The following information is available for the boundary element check:

The design forces Pu, Vu and Mu for the pier section. The length of the wall pier, Lp, the gross area of the pier, Ag, and the net area of the pier, Acv. The net area of the pier is the area bounded by the web thickness, tp, and the length of the pier. Refer to Figure 1 in Shear Wall Design Technical Note 6 Wall Pier Design Sections for an illustration of the dimensions Lp and tp. The area of steel in the pier, As. This area of steel is either calculated by the program or it is provided by the user. The material properties of the pier, f'c and fy. The symmetry of the wall pier (i.e., is the left side of the pier the same as the right side of the pier). Only the geometry of the pier is considered, not the reinforcing, when determining if the pier is symmetrical. Figure 1 shows some examples of symmetrical and unsymmetrical wall piers. Note

Page 1 of 6
Shear Wall Design ACI 318-02
Wall Pier Boundary Elements
a. Symmetrical
c. Unsymmetrical
b. Symmetrical
d. Unsymmetrical
Figure 1
Example Plan Views of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Wall Piers
that a pier defined in Section Designer is assumed to be unsymmetrical unless it is made up of a single rectangular shape. Using this information, the program calculates the value of PO, which is the nominal axial load strength of the wall using Equation 1. PO = 0.85f'c (Ag - As) + fyAs Note: For simplified design only, if there is a flexural failure in any design load combination, the program sets As in Equation 1 to zero for all design load combinations considered for the pier. After the value of PO is known, the program calculates four quantities that are used to determine the boundary zone requirements. These quantities are:
Eqn. 1
Pu PO
Mu Vu L p
Pu A g f c'
3A cv f c'
The flowchart in Figure 2 illustrates the process the program uses to determine if boundary elements are required. Note that if Pu exceeds 0.35 PO, the boundary element requirements are not checked.
Page 2 of 6
Figure 2 Flowchart of the Process the Program Uses to Determine if Boundary Elements Are Required
Is Pu compression? Yes
No
Pu Is Abs P 0.35? O
No
Boundary element requirements are not checked
Yes
Is wall symmetrical? Yes
No
P Is Abs u ' 0.05? Agfc
Yes
No
P Is Abs u ' 0.10? Agfc
No
Boundary elements are required
Yes
Yes
Mu 1.0? Is Abs Vu L p
No
Mu 3.0? Is Abs Vu L p
No
Boundary elements are required
Yes
Is Abs (Vu ) 3A cv f c' ?
No
Yes
Boundary elements are not required
Page 3 to 6
If boundary elements are required, the program calculates the minimum required length of the boundary zone at each end of the wall, LBZ, according to the requirements of Section 21.6.6 in ACI 318-02. The code requires that LBZ vary linearly from 0.25Lp to 0.15Lp for Pu, varying from 0.35PO to 0.15PO, and that LBZ shall not be less than 0.15Lp. Based on these requirements, the program calculates LBZ using either Equation 2a or 2b, depending on whether Pu is compression or tension. When Pu is compression:
L BZ = Abs Pu 2P O + 0.075 L p 0.15L p
Eqn. 2a
When Pu is tension: LBZ = 0.15Lp Figure 3 illustrates the boundary zone length LBZ. Eqn. 2b
LBZ Lp
LBZ
Figure 3: Illustration of Boundary Zone Length, LBZ
Page 4 of 6
Example
Figure 4 shows an example wall pier. The pier is 12.5 feet long. It is reinforced with #5 bars at 12 inches on center on each face. Refer to the figure for properties and forces. Note: Boundary element requirements are considered by the program for two- and threedimensional wall piers The calculations follow: Pu = 1,000 kips (given) Lp = 12.5 feet = 150 inches (given) Ag = 12.5 ft * 1 ft = 12.5 ft2 = 1,800 in2 As = 13 bars * 2 faces * 0.31 in2 = 8.06 in2 f'c = 4 ksi (given) fy = 60 ksi (given) The pier is symmetrical. (given) PO = 0.85f'c (Ag - As) + fyAs PO = 0.85 * 4 (1,800 - 8.06) + 60 * 8.06 = 6,576 kips
Pu 1,000 = = 0.152 < 0.35 OK PO 6,576 Pu
' A g fc
1,000 = 0.139 > 0.1 NG 1,800 * 4
Therefore boundary elements are required.

1,000 L BZ = * 150 = 22.7 inches 2 * 6,576 + 0.075
Example
Page 5 to 6
12'-6" # 5@12 o.c., each face
fc = 4 ksi fy = 60 ksi
Pu = 1000 kips Vu = 350 kips Mu = 3500 kips
Figure 4: Wall Pier Example Calculations

Displaying the pier boundary zone data provides either the required boundary zone length, or "NC" (short for Not Checked) if boundary zone requirements are not checked because Pu/Po > 0.35, or "NN" (short for Not Needed) if boundary zones are not required.
Example
1'
Page 6 of 6

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COMPUTERS AND STRUCTURES, INC.

, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA AUGUST 2007

SHEAR WALL DESIGN ACI 318-02

Technical Note Wall Pier Boundary Elements

Details of Check for Boundary Element Requirements

Details of Check for Boundary Element Requirements

Shear Wall Design ACI 318-02

Wall Pier Boundary Elements

Example Plan Views of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Wall Piers

Details of Check for Boundary Element Requirements

Shear Wall Design ACI 318-02

Wall Pier Boundary Elements

Boundary element requirements are not checked

Is wall symmetrical? Yes

P Is Abs u ' 0.05? Agfc

P Is Abs u ' 0.10? Agfc

Boundary elements are required

Boundary elements are required

Is Abs (Vu ) 3A cv f c' ?

Boundary elements are not required

Details of Check for Boundary Element Requirements

Shear Wall Design ACI 318-02

Wall Pier Boundary Elements

Figure 3: Illustration of Boundary Zone Length, LBZ

Shear Wall Design ACI 318-02

Wall Pier Boundary Elements

1,000 = 0.139 > 0.1 NG 1,800 * 4

Therefore boundary elements are required.

Shear Wall Design ACI 318-02

Wall Pier Boundary Elements

12'-6" # 5@12 o.c., each face

Pu = 1000 kips Vu = 350 kips Mu = 3500 kips

Figure 4: Wall Pier Example Calculations

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