Protection Relays

01

MiCOM P746
Numerical Busbar Protection

The MiCOM P746 centralised numerical busbar protection provides complete protection for all voltages level up to extra voltage busbar configurations. Proven techniques, and dynamic topology processing algorithms, offer a combination of security, speed and high sensitivity. With a typical operating time of 12 ms with HB/ HS contact option or 17 ms with standard contacts, the P746 protection is one of the fastest in its class. Moreover, the trips can be synchronous or sequential. Fully communicant with IEC61850-8.1, Courier, DNP3.0, Modbus and IEC103 protocols, the P746 is easily integrated in any substation system. The substation replica processing algorithms ensure that the P746 adapts to the dynamically changing topology of the busbar which is displayed on any PC with the substation real time dynamic monitoring tool. The MiCOM P746 differential busbar protection provides a centralised one box or three boxes architecture and is very simple to use: It does not need to be deeply engineered and supports easy operation and maintenance of the busbar.
Customer Benefits
Fast fault trip (typically 12 or 17 ms) Synchronous or Sequential trip Adapted to simple busbar

MiCOM P746 in 80TE

configurations IEC61850-8.1 compliant Can operate with different types of CT Programmable function keys, hotkeys and tri-colour LEDs.

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Application
The MiCOM P746 centralized numerical busbar protection has been designed to protect a wide range of busbar configurations: One box mode - P746 Three boxes mode one P746 per phase In the three boxes mode, the units are totally independent and not linked to each other. The MiCOM P746 can accommodate up to, Up to 2 Zones plus Check Zone for 1 or 3 boxes mode and Up to 4 Zones for dual 1 or 3 boxes modes: 1 VT, up to 6 CTs, 6 Breakers and 12 Isolators with the One box mode solution 2 VTs, up to 12 CTs, 12 Breakers and 14 Isolators with the Dual One box mode solution 2 VTs, up to 18 CTs, 18 Breakers and 36 Isolators with the Three boxes mode solution 2 VTs, up to 36 CTs, 36 Breakers and 72 Isolators with the Dual Three boxes mode solution The MiCOM P746 is associated with each CT location, usually one per incomer/feeder and one or two for each bus coupler/bus section. The MiCOM P746 acquires the analogue signals from the associated CT and the binary signals from the auxiliary contacts of the circuit breakers and isolators. The MiCOM P746 also incorporates the main circuit breaker failure logic together with additional protection functions (Dead zone, overcurrent, etc...). The P746 particularly useful in double busbar applications allows high number of opto inputs (up to 40) and relay outputs (up to 32), function keys and Ethernet or second rear port board option.
Feeder CT CB Q Q Q CB CT Feeder Q CB CT Feeder CB CT Q Q CB CT Feeder Feeder CT CB Q

Feeder CT CB Q Q Q CB CT Feeder Q CB CT Feeder Q CB CT

Feeder CT CB Q Q CB CT Feeder

Feeder

Feeder CT CB Q Q CB CT Feeder Q CB CT Feeder Q CB CT

Feeder CT CB Q Q CB CT Feeder

Feeder

Feeder CT

Feeder CT

CB Q Q Q CB CT Feeder CB CT Q Q CB CT

CB Q

Feeder

Q CT CB

CB CT Feeder

CB CT Feeder

CB CT Feeder

CB CT Feeder

CB CT Feeder

Q CB CT Feeder CT
CB CT Feeder CB CT Feeder CB CT Feeder CB CT Feeder

Q CB CT Feeder CT CB Q

Q CB

Q CT CB CT

Feeder CT CB Q

CB Q

Topology scheme examples

Cost optimised to suit simple busbar configuration

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Protection functions overview

ANSI
87BB / P 87CZ / P 50 / 51 / P 50 / 51 / N 50ST / P CTS VTS 50BF

IEC 61850
PhsPDIF CzPPDIF OcpPTOC EfmPTOC DzpPhsPTOC Phase segregated biased current differential high speed busbar protection Check Zone segregated biased phase current differential high speed busbar protection Phase overcurrent protection (2 stages) Earth overcurrent protection (2 stages) Dead zone phase protection (short zone between CTs and open CBs) Current transformer supervision Voltage transformer supervision Breaker failure protection (LBB) ISL Isolator discrepancy alarm Digital inputs Output relays Front communication port (RS232) Rear communication port (Kbus/EIA(RS)485) Rear communication port (Ethernet) * Time synchronisation port (IRIG-B) * Function keys Programmable tri-colour LEDs * Refer data sheet for model selection

P746
16 to 40* 16 to 32* Option Option 10 18

RBRF OptGGIO RlyGGIO

FnkGGIO LedGGIO

Management functions
In addition to the protection and control elements, the P746 provides a wide range of measurement, monitoring, post fault analysis and self-diagnostic features: Trip circuit supervision (using PSL) On-line measurement Plant status monitoring 4 alternative setting groups Programmable logic (PSL) Sequence of event recording (SOE)

Functional overview

Comprehensive Fault record Comprehensive disturbance recording (waveform capture) User configurable function keys & hotkeys User configurable tri-colour LEDs Local and remote communication ports Time synchronisation Fully customisable menu texts Multi level password protection Test facilities Power-up diagnostics and continuous self-monitoring of relay. User friendly setting, analysis and monitoring software

/
X

Remote comm. port

Local Communication

Fault records Measurements

Disturbance Record

Self monitoring 87BB /P 87CZ /P 50/ 51/P 50/ 51/N

50ST

50BF

CTS

VTS

ISL

Binary Input / output

PSL

LEDs

Busbar protection scheme P746

(Description of ANSI code nos. see Protection Function Overview)

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Busbar differential protection

The primary protection element of the P746 is the phase segregated biased current differential protection. The technique is based on the numerical application of Kirchoffs Law for the selective detection and high-speed isolation of a faulty section of the busbar. To ensure adaptability of the relay to any type of busbar configuration the P746 is built with a universal topology processing algorithm. This algorithm determines the optimum tripping zone based on the current status of the plant isolators or/and circuit breakers. The P746 employs biased differential algorithms, in which the differential current is compared with a bias current. This characteristic ensures stability of the protection for external faults even with differing CT tolerance and errors which could lead to spurious operation. To increase the security of the differential protection, the biased differential element is supervised by a biased global Check Zone element. This ensures stability even under erroneous status of the auxiliary contact of plant isolators and circuit breakers. The MiCOM P746 also employs CT supervision and an innovative external fault detection algorithm: the current phase comparison. This ensures stability when CTs become saturated. This technique is heavy CT saturation proof and still trip on evolving to internal fault.

Universal on-line topology processing

Multiple tripping criteria

The MiCOM P746 maintains the highest level of stability under all conditions including hardware failure and incoherent signals applied from external plant or generated by the power system. Any tripping order must therefore be made conditional on the simultaneous occurrence of at least 5 criteria: Magnitude criteria; confirmation of two simultaneous thresholds per zone Exceeding the bias slope characteristic (k2) Exceeding differential operating current threshold (ID>2).

Check zone supervision

The zone element(s) are only permitted to trip if the order is confirmed by the check zone element: Exceeding the bias slope characteristic (kCZ) Exceeding differential operating current threshold (IDCZ>2)

Current phase comparison criteria Optional voltage criteria:

Undervoltage U< OR, V1< OR Negative sequence overvoltage V2> OR Zero sequence overvoltage 3V0>

Bias differential characteristics

idiff (t)

Tripping Area
20 to 90

%
90 %

X X
i 3

k2
i 2

k=

o 0t

I DCZ>2 I D>2 I D>1

Restrain Area

k1 = 0

to 50%
ibias (t)

Differential current : i diff node (t) = i 1 + Operating current : Bias current :

2 +

i3 + ....... + i n i3
i
+ ....... +

i diff (t)

i diff node (t)

+

=
+

i bias(t) = i 1

i2

in

in

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Synchronous or sequential tripping

The MiCOM P746 allows delaying all or each tripping contact. That is highly recommended for high speed disconnection of the bar from grid and delayed trip of the generation feeders.

Phase overcurrent and earth fault protection

Two independent stages of phase overcurrents and earth fault protection are provided in the MiCOM P746. These elements provide additional protection for the individual circuits. The two stages can be programmed as: First stage can be programmed as definite time (DT) delay or one of the nine inverse time (IDMT) curves (IEC/UK and IEEE/US). Second stage can only be programmed as definite time.

Dead zone or blind spot protection

The current transformers or the open isolators surrounding the busbars define the limits of the main zones. When a feeder isolator is opened a dead zone or blind spot is created to the associated CT. The MiCOM P746 detects this condition automatically and provides protection for this zone also. One stage of definite time delayed overcurrent and earth fault protection is also provided.

Circuit breaker failure protection (Lbb)

The P746 offers an in-built integrated solution for breaker failure protection. In general the Breaker Failure protection is executed on a per phase basis which involves the possibility of receiving tripping orders on a per pole basis. The MiCOM P746 busbar protection can also work in co-ordination with external breaker failure protection relays. In this configuration, the receipt of an external breaker failure command results in tripping of all the adjacent circuit breakers, via the topological recognition system knowing which breaker is connected to which zone.

Current transformer mixing correction

Dead zone protection

Continuous supervision of current circuits

The P746 detects any abnormality in the current circuit by continuously monitoring it. Under normal operating conditions the differential current will be negligible. An anomaly is detected by a threshold, ID>1, which can be set to alarm from 10 A primary.

The MiCOM P746 can correct a mix between current transformer ratios over a very wide range up to 20. Its associated user interface provides a range between 1 A and 30 000 A primary. Since the current transformer ratings in a substation may be of mixed ratios, the MiCOM P746 uses a virtual CT ratio equal to a settable reference current/1, irrespective of the feeder section concerned.

Continuous supervision of current transformers

The P746 detects abnormality in any current transformer by continuously supervising them.

Isolation and maintenance operating mode

For ease of operation or maintenance of the busbar protection system, the MiCOM P746 can receive specific commands designed to allow system testing or other intervention without any danger of unwanted tripping. In the MiCOM P746, a centralised command to isolate the busbars can be selectively applied per zone: Differential protection (87BB) and Circuit Breaker Failure protection (50BF) blocked. The additional local protection functions (51, 51N, etc...) remain operational.

Differential current setting

When switching operations are carried out in the substation, incorrect topology replicas may occur. In this case, a differential current appears. The differential elements of the MiCOM P746 are allowed to operate only if the differential current reaches a threshold ID>2 which is normally set above the highest load current when no voltage criteria is used.

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Programmable scheme logic

Powerful programmable logic (PSL) allows the user to customize the protection and control functions. It is also used to programme the functionality of the optically isolated inputs, relay outputs and tri-colour LED indications. The programmable logic comprises of gate logic and general purpose timers. The gate logic includes OR, AND and majority gate functions, with the ability to invert the inputs and outputs, and provide feedback. The programmable logic is configured using the graphical MiCOM S1 PC based support software.
Cct Fail CZ Alm DDB #469 Cct Fail Z1 Alm DDB #467

Measurement and recording facilities

The P746 is capable of measuring and storing the values associated with a fault. All the events, faults records and disturbance records are time tagged to 1 ms using an internal real time clock. An optional IRIG-B port is also provided for accurate time synchronisation. A lithium battery provides a back up for the real time clock and all records in the event of supply failure.

Measurements
The measurements provided, which may be viewed in primary or secondary values, can be accessed via the back lit liquid crystal display. They are also accessible via the communication ports. The following instantaneous parameters can be viewed:

1
Reset CcT Fail DDB #892

& &
Set Z1 Test Mode DDB #710

Function Key 8 DDB #359 Cct Fail Blk Z1 DDB #843 Cct Fail Blk CZ DDB #848

MiCOM P746

NonLatching

FnKey LED8 Red DDB#222 FnKey LED8 Grn DDB#223

Phase current magnitude IA and/or IB and/or IC Phase current angle IA and/or IB and/or IC Voltage magnitude and angle Frequency
DDB#211 Differential current Idiff / phase / zone FnKey LED2 Grn

Function Key 2 DDB #353 Z1 In Test Mode DDB #1696

Diff CZ Blked DDB #1820 Function Key 7 DDB #358 Z2 In Test Mode DDB #1697

1
Set Z2 Test Mode DDB #711

NonLatching

FnKey LED2 Red DDB#210

Bias current Ibias / phase / zone Check zone Idiff / phase

Latching Check zone Ibias / phase NonFnKey LED7 Red DDB#220 FnKey LED7 Grn DDB#221

Programmable scheme logic editor (MiCOM S1)

Diff CZ Blked DDB #1820

Plant status
Function Key 9 DDB #360

Reset Relays/LED DDB #876

Event recorder
FnKey LED9 Red are stored in Up to 512 time tagged Non- event records DDB#224 Latching and can FnKey LED9 Grn battery backed memory, be extracted via DDB#225 the communication port or be viewed on the front panel display.

Checks and monitoring of the plant status can be made and an alarm raised for any discrepancy condition between the open and closed auxiliary contacts of the isolators and circuit breakers.

Remote HMI
The real time Remote HMI software allows the user to monitor the position of CBs and isolators in the busbar scheme, as well as currents, alarms, etc...

Fault recorder
Records of the last 5 faults are stored in the battery backed memory. Each fault record includes: Faulted phase Indication of the faulty zone Date and time Active setting group Fault duration Currents, frequency and voltage

Remote HMI

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Disturbance recorder
The MiCOM P746 has independent disturbance recording facility. It can record 18 analogue and 32 digital channels in addition to 1 time channel. Specific analogue channels VAN, VBN and VCN IA, IB, IC for each CT in 1 box mode Ix1 to Ix18 (x is A or B or C) in 3 box mode Maximum duration of one record and number of records up to 10.5s per record and minimum of 50 records 1.5s (memory of 75s) Disturbance records can be extracted from the relay via the remote communications and saved in the COMTRADE format. These records may be examined using MiCOM S1 or any other standard COMTRADE viewer.

As option either a second rear port or an Ethernet board (to use the IEC61850-8.1 protocol) can be added . The front RS232 port has been designed for use with MiCOMS1, which fully supports functions within the relay by providing the ability to programme the settings off-line, configure the programmable logic, extract and view event, disturbance and fault records, view the measurement information dynamically and perform control functions (using Courier protocol). The default remote communications is Courier / RS 485 or K-bus but IEC60870-5-103 or Modbus or DNP 3.0 can be selected. An optional second rear courier communications port is available which may be configured as RS232, RS485 or K-Bus. IEC 61850 is available when the optional Ethernet port is ordered. IEC 61850-8.1 offers high-speed data exchange, peer-to-peer communication, reporting, disturbance record extraction and time synchronisation.

Local and remote communications

Two communication ports are available as standard; a rear port providing remote communications and a front port providing local communications.

Disturbance record viewed in MiCOM S1

Fast, Sensitive & Secure: P746 the Centralised Solution for Busbar Protection

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Diagnostics
Automatic tests performed including power-on diagnostics and continuous self-monitoring ensures a high degree of reliability. The results of the self-test functions are stored in battery backed memory. Test features available on the user interface provide examination of input quantities, states of the digital inputs and relay outputs. A local monitor port provides digital outputs, selected from a prescribed list of signals, including the status of protection elements.

Hardware
The MiCOM P746 includes: A back-lit liquid crystal display LEDs: 18 tri-color Function keys Hotkeys RS232 (front port) & RS485 / K-bus (rear port) Optional Ethernet rear communication board or Optional Second rear communication board Optional IRIG-B port Download/monitor port Battery (supervised) N/O and C/O watchdog contacts Supervised +48 V field voltage CT inputs 1A and 5A Universal opto inputs with programmable voltage threshold

Device track record

Over 200 DIFB, medium impedance biased differential busbar protection scheme delivered since its launch in 1992. Medium impedance biased differential busbar protection with linear current combination, DIFB CL, launched in 1996. Over 70 cubicles delivered. Since the launch of the P740, over 400 systems have been delivered.

The optically isolated inputs are independent and may be powered from the +48V field voltage.

Schneider Electric

35, rue Joseph Monier CS 30323 92506 Rueil-Malmaison Cedex, France Tel: +33 (0) 1 41 29 70 00 RCS Nanterre 954 503 439 Capital social 896 313 776 www.schneider-electric.com EnergyAutomation-DS-P746-1788-EN

As standards, specifications and designs change from time to time, please ask for confirmation of the information given in this publication. This document has been printed on ecological paper Publishing: Schneider Electric Design: Schneider Electric Printing: 10-2010

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2010 Schneider Electric - All rights reserved