Principles Pervious Concrete Testing
Principles Pervious Concrete Testing
Principles Pervious Concrete Testing
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ASTM C1688 Density y & Void Content ASTM C1701 In Place Infiltration
Standard Test Method for D Density i and d Void V id Content C of f Freshly F hl Mixed Pervious Concrete
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Purpose: Compare density and void content of freshly mixed pervious concrete with mix design des g values a ues ( ( 5 pc pcf pe per ACI C 522R-10) 5 0)
Note: Test results are not intended to represent the inplace density and void content
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Appa at s Apparatus
Balance Standard Proctor Hammer Measure (1/4 cf - similar to ASTM C231 pressure meter) Strike off plate Scoop
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P oced e Procedure
Moisten inside of measure and weigh Place on flat, f level surface f f free f from vibration Fill in 2 layers, approximately equal thickness 20 hammer drops per layer
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If not t enough h concrete, t add dd more If too much concrete, remove some
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Cover 2/3 & withdraw C ithd with ith sawing i motion ti Cover same 2/3 & advance with sawing motion ti Finish with several sawing motion strokes with inclined edge of plate
Finish Screeding d g
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ASTM C1701/C1701M 09
Standard Test Method for I fil Infiltration i Rate R of f In I Place Pl Pervious Concrete
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ASTM C1701/C1701M 09
Purpose: Determination of the field water i filt ti rate infiltration t of fi in place l pervious i concrete (surface) Restrictions: Does not determine if bottom of pervious p concrete is clogged, and does not y g determine infiltration of underlying drainage layer and soil
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ASTM C1701/C1701M 09
Appa at s Apparatus
Infiltration ring - 12 diameter Balance Container 5 gallons Stop Watch Plumbers Putty Water
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ASTM C1701/C1701M 09
Appa at s Apparatus
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ASTM C1701/C1701M 09
Test Locations
3 tests for up to 25,000 sf Additional tests each 10,000 sf f Minimum 3 between test locations Dont test if standing water on surface Dont Don t test within 24 hours of precipitation
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ASTM C1701/C1701M 09
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ASTM C1701/C1701M 09
P e etting Prewetting
Pour 8 lbs. of water into ring Maintain a head of f inside of f ring Determine time from start until no free water is on surface Determine water quantity for test
40 lbs. if time is less than 30 seconds 8 lbs. lbs if time is 30 seconds or more
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ASTM C1701/C1701M 09
Test
Start within 2 minutes of prewetting Record the weight of f water to be used Pour water into ring Maintain a head of inside of ring Determine time from start until no free water is on surface
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ASTM C1701/C1701M 09
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ASTM C1701/C1701M 09
Repo t Report
Test locations Date Age of Pervious Concrete Prewetting time Amount of last rain Weight of water used for test
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ASTM C1701/C1701M 09
Repo t Report
Inside diameter of ring Time elapsed during test Infiltration rate Note retests if any
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ACI 522R-10
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ACI 522R-10
Affected by mix proportions and compaction ti effort ff t Strength dependent on porosity C39 has not proven effective Variable porosity (and strength) with depth of in place pervious concrete
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There have been 4 sets of testing performed under the task group 2008 2009 2010 (Jan & Dec)
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5 labs participated, making 8 batches total Each lab mixed their own batches with locally available materials, made and tested their own cylinders 4x8 and 6x12 cylinders were made Pad caps and sulfur caps were used Consolidation was by proctor hammer 6x12 consolidation 3 lifts 10 blows/lift 4x8 consolidation 2 lifts 5 blows/lift
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It was decided that compressive strength of pervious concrete should not be measured using durometer pads (ASTM C 1231) The variability of compressive strength testing of pervious concrete is 3 times higher than conventional concrete. This variability of compressive strength is so high that the current method of testing will not produce data that can be relied upon.
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It may be necessary to cast 4" x 4" cylinders, or 6" x 6" cylinders. 6 cylinders Casting 4x8s or 6x12s and cutting them in half may also work, but this was not universally agreed upon. It may also be necessary to increase the number of blows to reduce the coefficient of variability down to acceptable levels.
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5 labs participated Each lab mixed their own batch with locally available materials, made and tested their own cylinders 4x8 and 4x4 cylinders y were made Sulfur and gypsum caps were used
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High variability of compressive strength testing of pervious concrete compared to conventional concrete. Do a trial with cylinders made at the same lab tested at various labs
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3 labs participated 2 labs mixed their own batch with locally available materials, and made their own cylinders each lab made 18 cylinders with 6 to be tested at each of the 3 labs 4x8 cylinders were made 2 layers C Consolidation lid ti with ith standard t d d proctor t hammer h
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6 labs participated 1 lab obtained 3 samples from Ready Mix trucks and made cylinders by 2 technicians each technician made 18 cylinders from each batch with 3 to be tested at each of the 6 labs 4x8 cylinders were made
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Consolidation with standard proctor hammer, 2 layers 10 drops/layer, layers, drops/layer hand finish surface
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Appa at s Apparatus
4x8 cylinder mold & collar Standard Proctor Hammer Scoop Balance
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ASTM draft Compressive Strength P d ldi Cylinders C li d Procedure M Molding Fill in 2 layers, approximately equal thickness 20 hammer drops per layer d layer Use collar for 2nd
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ASTM draft Compressive Strength P d i C li d Procedure C Curing Cylinders Initial curing similar to C31 Do not remove molds in fewer than 6 days Laboratory curing in moist room
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ASTM draft Compressive Strength P d i C li d Procedure T Testing Cylinders Allow cylinder to drain 5 minutes Remove surface water Weigh and measure Cap ASTM C617 (sulfur or gypsum no pad caps) Test ASTM C39
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Standard Test Method for D Determining i i Potential P i l Resistance R i to Degradation of Pervious Concrete by Impact and Abrasion (Proposed)
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ASTM draft Surface Durability Apparatus Balance Marshall hammer 4x8 cylinder mold LA Abrasion machine 1 Sieve Ruler
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ASTM draft Surface Durability P d ldi Cylinders C li d Procedure M Molding Get C1688 density Calculate mass needed to fill 4x8 mold halfway Weigh out calculated mass in mold Drop mold 10 times on level, rigid surface f f from a h height i ht of f 1
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Use Marshall Hammer to consolidate sample to 4 height Cap to prevent moisture loss
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Initial curing similar to C31 Cure at 70-76F until cylinders are 7 days old
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Remove molds Weigh 3 cylinders Place 3 cylinders together in LA Abrasion machine with no charges for 500 revolutions H d sieve Hand i on 1 sieve i Weigh g material retained on 1 sieve
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Divide the mass loss by the original mass of the three cylinders and multiply lti l by b 100. 100 Record the mass loss as a percentage of the original mass.
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ASTM draft Hardened Concrete Density & Porosity Standard Test Method for D Density i and d Void V id Content C of f Pervious P i Concrete (Proposed)
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ASTM draft Hardened Concrete D i &P i -A Density Porosity Apparatus Balance Jaw Calipers Thermometer Water Bath Oven Mallet
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ASTM draft Hardened Concrete D i &P i -S l Density Porosity Sample 4 cylinders approximately the 4 same length as the in-place pavement t or 4 diameter core
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ASTM draft Hardened Concrete D i &P i S l P Density Porosity Sample Prep. Trim cylinder or core so ends are generally perpendicular to sides Light brushing to remove loose p particles Measure length and diameter
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100F for 24 hours = 1 cycle W i h after Weigh ft each h cycle l until til less l than th 0.5% 0 5% mass loss between cycles 230F for 24 hours then weigh after cooling li Additional 2 hour cycles at 230F until less than 0.5% 0 5% mass loss between cycles
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M th d B Method
ASTM draft Hardened Concrete D i &P i W h Density Porosity Water B Bath Submerge for 30 minutes Tap specimen 10 times with mallet Determine submerged mass Determine water temperature
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A = Dry mass of the specimen V = Volume V l of f specimen i from f measuring i [1-((A-B)/ w)/V]x100 B = submerged mass of the specimen w = density y of water at temperature p of the water bath
Void Content =
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O h T Other Tests
Subgrade Infiltration Testing (note: a rate less than 0.52in/hr acceptable for pervious) - Double Ring Infiltrometer, ASTM D 3385
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O h T Other Tests
ASTM D3665, random core location ASTM C42, Coring, 3 cores/5,000 sf ASTM C174, C174 Core Thickness, Thickness -, +1 ASTM C140, Density of f Core, d density +/- 5 pcf (until new pervious density is approved) d)
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