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SQL - Expressions: Syntax

The document discusses different types of SQL expressions including boolean expressions to fetch data based on single value matching, numeric expressions to perform mathematical operations, and date expressions to return current date and time values. Example syntax and usage are provided for each expression type.

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RamyaVijayaraghavan
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33 views2 pages

SQL - Expressions: Syntax

The document discusses different types of SQL expressions including boolean expressions to fetch data based on single value matching, numeric expressions to perform mathematical operations, and date expressions to return current date and time values. Example syntax and usage are provided for each expression type.

Uploaded by

RamyaVijayaraghavan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
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SQL - EXPRESSIONS

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An expression is a combination of one or more values, operators, and SQL functions that evaluate to a value. SQL EXPRESSIONs are like formulas and they are written in query lang uag e. You can also use them to query the database for specific set of data.

Syntax:
Consider the basic syntax of the SELECT statement as follows:
SELECT column1, column2, columnN FROM table_name WHERE [CONDITION|EXPRESSION];

T here are different types of SQL expressions, which are mentioned below:

SQL - Boolean Expressions:


SQL Boolean Expressions fetch the data on the basis of matching sing le value. Following is the syntax:
SELECT column1, column2, columnN FROM table_name WHERE SINGLE VALUE MATCHTING EXPRESSION;

Consider the CUST OMERS table having the following records:


SQL> SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS; +----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+ | ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY | +----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+ | 1 | Ramesh | 32 | Ahmedabad | 2000.00 | | 2 | Khilan | 25 | Delhi | 1500.00 | | 3 | kaushik | 23 | Kota | 2000.00 | | 4 | Chaitali | 25 | Mumbai | 6500.00 | | 5 | Hardik | 27 | Bhopal | 8500.00 | | 6 | Komal | 22 | MP | 4500.00 | | 7 | Muffy | 24 | Indore | 10000.00 | +----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Here is simple example showing usag e of SQL Boolean Expressions:


SQL> SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE SALARY = 10000; +----+-------+-----+---------+----------+ | ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY | +----+-------+-----+---------+----------+ | 7 | Muffy | 24 | Indore | 10000.00 | +----+-------+-----+---------+----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

SQL - Numeric Expression:


T his expression is used to perform any mathematical operation in any query. Following is the syntax:
SELECT numerical_expression as [FROM table_name WHERE CONDITION] ; OPERATION_NAME

Here numerical_expression is used for mathematical expression or any formula. Following is a simple examples showing usag e of SQL Numeric Expressions:

SQL> SELECT (15 + 6) AS ADDITION +----------+ | ADDITION | +----------+ | 21 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

T here are several built-in functions like avg (), sum(), count(), etc., to perform what is known as ag g reg ate data calculations ag ainst a table or a specific table column.
SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) AS "RECORDS" FROM CUSTOMERS; +---------+ | RECORDS | +---------+ | 7 | +---------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

SQL - Date Expressions:


Date Expressions return current system date and time values:
SQL> SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP; +---------------------+ | Current_Timestamp | +---------------------+ | 2009-11-12 06:40:23 | +---------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Another date expression is as follows:


SQL> SELECT GETDATE();; +-------------------------+ | GETDATE | +-------------------------+ | 2009-10-22 12:07:18.140 | +-------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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