Design of Air Conditioning and Ventilation System For A Multi Storey Office Building
Design of Air Conditioning and Ventilation System For A Multi Storey Office Building
Design of Air Conditioning and Ventilation System For A Multi Storey Office Building
DESIGN OF AIR CONDITIONING AND VENTILATION SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-STOREY OFFICE BUILDING
G. Prasanthi1, Sireesharevathi.D2
[email protected], [email protected]
Abstract
This project consists of how the proposed centralized air conditioning and mechanical ventilation system is designed and its criterion for a new building in Hyderabad. It consists of seven floors and two basements having an area of 39000sft per floor. The two basement (lower and upper) and major part of ground floor shall be meant for offices with a total area of 273000sft. The main objective is to create a thermally controlled environment within the space of a building envelope such as office space, BMS room, society room, entrance lobby etc. and building mechanical ventilation namely basement ventilation, staircase pressurisation, lift well pressurisation, toilet exhaust etc. Design and planning of the above system shall meet the required below customer objectives, like econoical in cost,energy efficient,simple and flexible with respect to operation and maintenance. The tentative air conditioning load for the system shall be 800TR apprix. Air cooled screw chillers with secondary variable pumping system are proposed to make the system energy efficient. The proposed air conditioning plant shall be located on the sw side on the building terrace.
Existing vs. new structures:There is a distinct difference between systems available for existing or new buildings. in exiting enclosures or structures heating and at times ventilation is already supplied. The additional system is cooling only, the adapting and integrating the existing heating ventilation into a year around cycle. The H07 building comprise of two basements,ground and 7th floors.
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Volume: 02 Issue: 08 | Aug-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 360
6.
Outdoor air usually required for ventilation purposes outdoor air is usually necessary to flush out the space and keep the odour level down.
The solar heat gain through ordinary glass depends on its location on the earth surface. Time of the day, time of the year, and facing direction of the window. The direct radiation component results in a heat gain to the conditioned space only when the window is in the direct rays of the sun, where as the diffuse radiation component results in a heat gain, even when the window is not facing the sun. Ordinary glass absorbs a small portion of the solar heat (5% to 6%)and reflects or transmits the rest. Heat gain to space = 0.86 r + (0.40x0.06 r) = 0.88 r absorptivity + reflectivity + transmissibility = i the amount of reflection & transmission depends on angle & incidence
SUN
0.06R ABSORBED
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Volume: 02 Issue: 08 | Aug-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 361
BASIS OF DESIGN FOR AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM FOR GANGA HITECH CITY 2- SOCIETY, HYDERABAD
Sl
Level
Location
Area (sft)
Fresh Air Dehumidified air Cooling Total Load Capacity of AHU's Inside Conditions, Occupancy DB, RH (cfm) qty (cfm) load (TR) (TR) Proposed
Acoustic enclosure for compressor can be offered as an optional feature to reduce noise level. Special coatings on aluminium condenser fins can also be offered for better corrosion resistance required in coastal / industrial environments
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6
GF GF GF GF 1 1 2-6 2-6 7 7
BMS Lift lobby Entrance Lobby Society Room Grid BF - 2, 12 Grid FJ-2, 12 + Grid JP-7,12 Grid BF - 2, 12 Grid FJ-2, 12 + Grid JP-7,12 Grid BF - 2, 12 Grid FJ-2, 12 + Grid JP-7,12
465 885 835 1987 14500 15000 14500 15000 14500 15000
22Deg C, 55% 24Deg C, 50% 24Deg C, 50% 24Deg C, 50% 24Deg C, 50% 24Deg C, 50% 24Deg C, 50% 24Deg C, 50% 24Deg C, 50% 24Deg C, 50%
101 194 183 435 3178 3281 3178 3300 3178 3281
2104 2657 2532 4651 27656 21374 24117 18362 24097 18223
4 7 7 12 68 57 315 260 62 52
2200 cfm / 5 TR 3750 cfm / 10 TR 3750 cfm / 10 TR 3000cfm / 7.5 TR 30000cfm / 65 TR 26000 cfm/ 55 TR 30000 cfm/ 65 TR 26000 cfm/ 55 TR 30000 cfm/ 65 TR 26000 cfm/ 55 TR
Total Peak Summer Cooling Load (TR) With diversity factor of 0.8 Proposed Chillers : 220TR Nominal capacity chillers - 4 Nos. ( 3w*+1s)
844 675
* Note : 4th Chiller also shall be working during peak summer to meet the building load. Hence, system is designed considering 4 chillers and 4 pumps working.
5. EQUIPMENT SELECTION
After assessment of Air conditioning load, equipment must be selected with enough capacity to offset this load. The air supplied to the space must be of the proper conditions to satisfy both the sensible and latent loads estimated.
a) Air-Cooled Chillers
The Chillers are Energy Efficient and Robust in construction. They are developed with state of art technology components. The chillers are fitted with R-134a optimized BitzerCSH3 series Semi-hermetic Screw Compressors, High efficiency DX Coolers and Aircooled Condensers. The latest generation High Efficient Copper tubes are incorporated in the Coolers. Electronic Expansion Valves and the new generation MCS Magnum Controller lead to precise control of refrigerant flow and chilled water temperature. Specially developed low noise Bird Wing design fans are used for optimum air flow.
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Volume: 02 Issue: 08 | Aug-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 362
Fig . VARIABLE SPEED CHILLED WATER PUMP CONTROL VARIABLE SPEED PRIMARY SYSTEM WITH BYPASS AT THE CHILLERS Reduce Energy Consumption. Utilizing the variable volume system (two-way terminal control valves), the pumping energy can be reduced by more than two-thirds that of a constant speed pumpingsystem riding its pump curve. The variable speed system responds to a differential pressure sensor/transmitter, which is sensing across a terminal and twoway valve. This allows for energysavings as the terminal responds to a lighter load and the two-way valves control at a lower flow position. This increased pressure drop signals the controller to operate the pump(s) at a lower speed to maintain its set point. Applications that operate for a high percentage of time at part load will utilize the variable speed, energy savings potential of variable primary systems by loweringspeed, thus consuming less energy during lighter loads. Those that operate at full load but with lower that design return water temperature benefit in a similar manner by slowing down the pumps to an adequate rate, thus maintaining optimal return temperature, allowing the chiller(s) to operate more efficiently.
DESCRIPTION:
The volume of water supplied to the system is[4] varied in response to the cooling load by the two-way zone valves. The basis of variable speed pumping is to save pumping cost by optimizing the pump motor horsepower input. The pump produces only the flow and head required at any time. This is performed by regulation of the pump speed/adjustable frequency drive and modulation of a bypass valve through the use of the Technologic Controller. The controller regulates the pump speed and valve position in response to the system load conditions and in order to protect the pumps and chillers.
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Volume: 02 Issue: 08 | Aug-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 363
LOCATION
The location of the air handling apparatus directly influences the economic and the sound level aspects of any system
12.REFERENCES:
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] ASHRAE 2003 , HVAC Applications optimizing the design and control of chilled water plants. ASHRAE Hand book Carrier Hand book System design manual by carrier. Kirsner, W. 1996. The demise of the primarysecondary pumping paradigm for chilled water plant design. Heating/Piping/ Air Conditioning Paarporn, S. Local pumping system. ASHRAE Avery, G. 2001. Improving the efficiency of chilled water plants. ASHRAE Taylor, S. 2002. Degrading chilled water plant delta-T: causes and mitigation. ASHRAE Transactions,. ASHRAE. 2002. Optimizing the Design & Control of Chilled Water Plants,
9. ECONOMIC CONSIDERATION
The air handling apparatus should be centrally located to obtain a minimum-first cost system. In a few instances, however, it maybe be necessary to locate the apparatus,refrigeration machine,and cooling tower in one area, to achieve optimum system cost. When the three components are grouped in one location, the cost of extra ductwork is offset by the reduced piping cost. In addition, when the complete system becomes large enough to require more than one refrigeration machine, grouping the mechanical equipment on more than one floor becomes practical. This design is often used in large buildings. The upper floor equipment handles approximately the top 20 to 30 floors , and the lower floor equipment is used for the lower 20 to 30 floors. General Arrangement of AHU 2 (30000 cfm)
10. RESULT:
1. Air balancing is done measuring the velocity of air using digital anemometer thus by arriving volume of the flow (flow=area x velocity), regulating volume control dampers in the ducts and controlling collar dampes provided in the air terminal. 2. Water balancing is done as per designed flow rate using double regulating balancing value by taking differential pressures across the valve to ensure water flow as per the design. 3. Temperature and relative humidity is measured is all the conditioned area and recorded that 23 Deg C temp and 55to 58 RH, using digital temperature & RH indicator. 4. Variable air volume thermostat is set for 23Deg c and observed that air volume is getting reduced as the VAV actuator will close the damper proportionately on achieving set temperature of 23c. Similarly VAV actuator opens the damper proportionately on increase of inside the cabin temperature.
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Volume: 02 Issue: 08 | Aug-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 364