Alchemy 4
Alchemy 4
Alchemy 4
Transmutation of lead into gold is presented as an analogy for personal transmutation, purification, and perfection.[6] This approach is often termed 'spiritual', 'esoteric', or 'internal' alchemy. Early alchemists, such as osimos of !anopolis "c. #$ %&&', highlight the spiritual nature of the alchemical (uest, sym)olic of a religious regeneration of the human soul.[*+] This approach continued in the ,iddle #ges, as metaphysical aspects, su)stances, physical states, and material processes -ere used as metaphors for spiritual entities, spiritual states, and, ultimately, transformation. In this sense, the literal meanings of '#lchemical .ormulas' -ere a )lind, hiding their true spiritual philosophy. !ractitioners and patrons such as ,elchior /i)inensis and !ope Innocent 0III e1isted -ithin the ran2s of the church, -hile ,artin 3uther applauded alchemy for its consistency -ith /hristian teachings.[*6] 4oth the transmutation of common metals into gold and the universal panacea sym)oli5ed evolution from an imperfect, diseased, corrupti)le, and ephemeral state to-ards a perfect, healthy, incorrupti)le, and everlasting state6 and the philosopher's stone then represented a mystic 2ey that -ould ma2e this evolution possi)le. #pplied to the alchemist himself, the t-in goal sym)oli5ed his evolution from ignorance to enlightenment, and the stone represented a hidden spiritual truth or po-er that -ould lead to that goal. In te1ts that are -ritten according to this vie-, the cryptic alchemical sym)ols, diagrams, and te1tual imagery of late alchemical -or2s typically contain multiple layers of meanings, allegories, and references to other e(ually cryptic -or2s6 and must )e la)oriously decoded to discover their true meaning. In his *766 #lchemical /atechism, Th8odore Henri de Tschudi denotes that the usage of the metals -as a sym)ol9 :. ;hen the !hilosophers spea2 of gold and silver, from -hich they e1tract their matter, are -e to suppose that they refer to the vulgar gold and silver< #. 4y no means6 vulgar silver and gold are dead, -hile those of the !hilosophers are full of life.[*7] $uring the renaissance, alchemy )ro2e into more distinct schools placing spiritual alchemists in high contrast -ith those -or2ing -ith literal metals and chemicals.[*=] ;hile most spiritual alchemists also incorporate elements of e1otericism, e1amples of a purely spiritual alchemy can )e traced )ac2 as far as the *6th century, -hen >aco) 4oehme used alchemical terminology in strictly mystical -ritings.[*?] #nother e1ample can )e found in the -or2 of Heinrich @hunrath "*+6&A*6&+' -ho vie-ed the process of transmutation as occurring -ithin the alchemist's soul.[*=] The recent -or2 of 3. ,. !rincipe and ;illiam R. Be-man, see2s to reCect the 'spiritual interpretation' of alchemy, especially as applied to medieval, *6thD and *7thDcentury alchemy, stating it arose as a product of the 0ictorian occult revival.[E&] There is evidence to support that some classical alchemical sources -ere adulterated during this time to give greater -eight to the spiritual aspects of alchemy.[E*][EE] $espite this, other scholars such as /alian and Tilton reCect this vie- as entirely historically inaccurate, dra-ing e1amples of historical spiritual alchemy from 4oehme, Isaac Be-ton, and ,ichael ,aier.[E%]