M

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2
2
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Combined Overcurrent and Earth Fault Relay
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MK2200 ver 2.0 -221208



About This Edition


Copyright

Copyright 2008

MK2200 Revision A ver 1

This document may not be photocopied, reproduced, or translated to another language
without prior written consent of Mikro.

CAUTION
NOTICE
The information in this guide applies to Model MK2200 Revision A. For continuous
improvement, we reserve the right to supply equipment which may vary from that
described in this manual without prior notice. Mikro shall not be liable for errors
contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the
furnishing, performance, or use of this material.
This equipment shall be installed, operated, serviced, and maintained only by qualified
personnel. No responsibility is assumed by Mikro for any consequences arising out of
the use of this material.

This equipment is intended for indoor installation and use only. If outdoor installation is
required, it must be mounted in housing having IP54 classification of degree of
protection.
Mikro

Please read this Safety and Warning Information carefully. This information is intended
to ensure that the equipment is properly handled, installed, operated and maintained in
a safe condition.
Symbols and Conventions Used in this Manual




Shock hazard


Caution See operating instruction


Protective earth (ground)


Earth (Ground)




Warning statements describe conditions or action that can
result in personal injury or loss of life.

Caution statements describe conditions or actions that can
result in property damage.



Notes contain additional information on usage.

WARNING
CAUTION
NOTE
SAFETY AND WARNING INFORMATION

!



1. Introduction ....... 4
2. Description of Operation ............................. 5
Phase Overcurrent Protection [50/51]
Earth Fault Protection [50N/51N]
Circuit Breaker Failure Protection [50BF]
Current Measurement
Digital Input
Programmable Output Contacts
Internal Relay failure (IRF) Output
Serial Communication
Time-Current Characteristic Curves
3. Display and User Programming ....................................... 16
Four-digit Display
Indicators
Display under Normal Non-operating Condition
Display under Start Condition
Display under Trip Condition
The RESET/ STEP Key
The PROGRAM Key
The UP and DOWN Key
The SWITCH Key
Programming the Protection Functions
Programming the Soft Switches
4. Soft Switches ................................................. 27
5. Connections ............................................... 44
Connection Terminals
Connection Diagrams
6. Case Dimensions ....................................... 48
7. Technical Data ....................................49
8. Tests and Standards .................................................52
9. Appendix A ......................................54
10. Appendix B ................................55
CONTENTS


Power indicator
Pickup indicator
Trip indicator
Numeric display
Program key

Up key
Switch key
Reset / Step key
Funcons
indicators

Down key
Figure 1.1: Front view of MK2200
4

Chapter 1: Introduction
MK2200 is a digital microprocessor based numerical combined overcurrent and earth
fault relay. It employs extensive advanced numerical technique, implemented real-
time, for the computation of fault currents and the execution of intended protection
functions.
MK2200 is housed in an aluminum case suitable for panel mounting. The transparent
polycarbonate front panel cover provides IP54 degree of protection against splashing
water besides acting as a sealed cover against tampering or unauthorised changes to
the settings of the relay.

Fully digital user interface with large and bright seven-segment LED display, indicators
and push button switches give a very user-friendly access to the status, settings and
recorded information of the relay.

The relay can have up to 4 current transformer (CT) inputs with the CTs ratio of either
5A or 1A. An optically isolated digital input can be programmed as changeover input
for protection group settings, remote reset input, blocking input or external tripping
input. Five programmable output contacts can response to relay pick-up and/or relay
trip. In addition, a changeover IRF contact is available for monitoring any relay failure.

Through the optically isolated RS485 Modbus-RTU serial communication interface,
MK2200 can be networked to SCADA system.
5


2.1 Phase Overcurrent Protection [50/51]
2.1.1 Low-set Overcurrent Element
Chapter 2: Description of Operation
MK2200 consists of three independent phase overcurrent elements and one non-
directional earth fault element. It is intended to be used for phase short circuit
protection and earth fault protection of electrical distribution system. All the
overcurrent and earth fault elements in the relay are connected to the electrical
distribution feeders to be protected through either 5A CTs or 1A CTs as shown in
Chapter 5. Measurements of the phase currents and earth fault current are done
through waveform sampling and numerical technique to extract only the fundamental
frequency components thus eliminate the possible erroneous response to protection
function as a result of harmonic currents in the electrical distribution system.
The phase overcurrent protection consists of low-set stage and high-set
stage for all the three phases namely, I
L1
, I
L2
, and I
L3
. The low-set element
setting and the high-set element setting are common to all the three phases.
MK2200 provides dual setting groups, Group A or Group B, interchangeable
through an external digital input configurable through Soft Switch A.
During a fault condition, if the phase current exceeds the threshold of low-
set overcurrent setting I>, the MK2200 generates a start signal to activate
the output contacts R2 to R5, which are user programmable to response to
the start signal from low-set overcurrent element through Soft Switches 2 to
5 respectively. Simultaneously, the START indicator on the relay panel light
up to indicates that the relay picks up. After a delay time longer than the set
t>, the MK2200 then generates a trip signal to activate the output contacts
R2 to R5, which are user programmable to response to the trip signal from
low-set overcurrent element through Soft Switch 2 to 5 respectively. The
TRIP indicator blinks to indicate that the relay has tripped.

Depending on the Soft Switch 8 and Soft Switch 9 settings, the time delay
between the start signal and trip signal can either be a fixed time delay or a
variable time delay inversely proportional to the fault current. This variable
time-current delay characteristic is in accordance with IEC 60255-3 standard
for inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) curve.
6
2.1.2 High-set Overcurrent Element
This high -set element can be disabled through Soft
Switch 1.




NOTE

|
3 x |>
2 x |>
0.l2 x |>
< 60 ms
t
Start
Lnd
If the phase current exceeds the threshold of high-set overcurrent setting
I>>, the MK2200 generates a start signal to activate the output contacts R2
to R5, which are user programmable to response to the start signal from
high-set overcurrent element through Soft Switches 2 to 5 respectively.
Simultaneously, the START indicator on the relay panel light up to indicates
that the relay picks up. After a delay time longer than the set t>>, the
MK2200 then generates a trip signal to activate the output contacts R2 to
R5, which are user programmable to response to the trip signal from high-
set overcurrent element through Soft Switch 2 to 5 respectively. The TRIP
indicator blinks to indicate that the relay has tripped. The time delay
between the start signal and trip signal can either be instantaneous without
any intentional delay or a fixed time delay settable through t>>.
When the electrical power system is restored after a power outage or when
a large motor load is started, the phase currents can momentarily increase
by several times a condition known as cold load pick-up. This may cause
unwanted tripping by the relays high-set elements. However, if I>> is set too
high to overcome cold load pick-up tripping, protection may be
compromised. MK2200 allows user to automatically double the I>> setting
when it detects a cold load pick-up condition.
A cold load pick-up condition starts when the phase current increases from
below 0.12 times of the overcurrent low-set (I>) setting to 3 times I> within a
time less than 60ms. This condition ends when the phase current fall below
2 times I>.
Figure 2.1: Cold load pick-up
7

2.2.1 Low-set Earth Fault Element
2.2.2 High-set Earth Fault Element

This high -set element can be disabled through Soft
Switch 1.


NOTE
During a fault condition, if the phase current exceeds the threshold of low-
set overcurrent setting I>, the MK2200 generates a start signal to activate
the output contacts R2 to R5, which are user programmable to response to
the start signal from low-set overcurrent element through Soft Switches 2 to
5 respectively. Simultaneously, the START indicator on the relay panel light
up to indicates that the relay picks up. After a delay time longer than the set
t>, the MK2200 then generates a trip signal to activate the output contacts
R2 to R5, which are user programmable to response to the trip signal from
low-set overcurrent element through Soft Switch 2 to 5 respectively. The
TRIP indicator blinks to indicate that the relay has tripped.

Depending on the Soft Switch 8 and Soft Switch 9 settings, the time delay
between the start signal and trip signal can either be a fixed time delay or a
variable time delay inversely proportional to the fault current. This variable
time-current delay characteristic is in accordance with IEC 60255-3 standard
for inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) curve.
If the phase current exceeds the threshold of high-set overcurrent setting
I>>, the MK2200 generates a start signal to activate the output contacts R2
to R5, which are user programmable to response to the start signal from
high-set overcurrent element through Soft Switches 2 to 5 respectively.
Simultaneously, the START indicator on the relay panel light up to indicates
that the relay picks up. After a delay time longer than the set t>>, the
MK2200 then generates a trip signal to activate the output contacts R2 to
R5, which are user programmable to response to the trip signal from high-
set overcurrent element through Soft Switch 2 to 5 respectively. The TRIP
indicator blinks to indicate that the relay has tripped. The time delay
between the start signal and trip signal can either be instantaneous without
any intentional delay or a fixed time delay settable through t>>.
2.2 Earth Fault Protection [50N/51N]
Earth fault protection elements comprise of one low-set stage and one high-
set stage.

8
2.3 Circuit Breaker Failure Protection [50BF]

Since R2 is the dedicated CBFP output, Soft Switch 2
setting will be ignored if CBFP is s elected. If CBFP is
selected for both Group A and Group B, Soft Switch 2
will not be accessible.
CAUTION






Tripping Iniated by
Relay output contact R1

Breaker Failure
Timer [62]
Breaker
Interrupt
Time

Margin
Time
Tripping Iniated by
Relay output contact R2

Protecve
Relay
Time

2.4 Current Measurements
MK2200 has an in-built circuit breaker failure protection (CBFP) function
selectable through Soft Switch 1. If CBFP is selected, it generates a tripping
signal via contact output R2 after a pre-set time delay as shown in Fig. 2.2 if
the fault has not been cleared after the activation of tripping signal through
contact output R1. The CBFP output R2 is usually used to trip the upstream
circuit breaker or to trip a redundant tripping circuit of the same circuit
breaker. The pre-set breaker failure timer [62] can be set between 120ms,
150ms or 200ms.
Figure 2.2: Timing diagram for CBFD.

The three phase currents and the earth fault current are measured through
either 5A or 1A CTs. The microprocessor in MK2200 samples the current
waveforms at regular interval of 12 samples per cycle. Through digital
filtering, only the fundamental frequency components (50Hz or 60Hz) are
used for the protection functions. MK2200s metering feature allows all the
phase currents and the earth fault current to be viewed through the front
panel display or through the Modbus-RTU serial communication.

9


CAUTION
2.5 Digital Input
MK2200 has one optically isolated multifunction digital input which can be
configured to perform one of the following functions through Soft Switch A:
As blocking input for blocking the operation of one or more of the
protection stages
As group switching input to switch between Group A or Group B
As remote reset input after relay tripped
As external input for tripping the relay by activating output contact
R1

This input can accept either DC or AC voltage up to
265VAC.

2.6 Programmable Output Contacts
WARNING
265VAC.
MK2200 has five output contacts namely, R1, R2, R3, R4 & R5. Of all these
output contacts, four are fully user programmable. R1 is factory preset to be
the dedicated tripping contact and cannot be reprogrammed by the user.
Relay tripping by any of the protection stages or by digital input, if selected,
will activate the R1 output contact.
Output contacts R2, R3, R4 and R5 can be programmed to respond to any
or all of the following events:

!

Make sure that the system frequency selection on Soft
Switch F is set correctly. Failing to do so will result in
erroneous reading of the phase and earth fault
currents.
When a DC or AC voltage within the specified range appears between the
two terminals of the digital input, the digital input is activated.
10
Low-set overcurrent pick-up (start)
Low-set earth fault pick-up (start)
High-set overcurrent pick-up (start)
High-set earth fault pick-up (start)
Low-set overcurrent trip
Low-set earth fault trip
High-set overcurrent trip
High-set earth fault trip
Contact R2 is the default breaker failure protection
output.

2.7 Internal Relay Failure (IRF) output
2.8 Serial Communication

NOTE
NOTE
By programming Soft Switch 6, R2, R3, R4 and R5 can be configured for
manual reset or auto reset after the contacts pick up. Similarly, Soft Switch
7 is used to configure R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 for manual reset or auto reset
after these contacts are activated by tripping signal.
Contact R1 response to tripping signal only and
cannot be re-programmed. It is the default trip contact.
However, it can be programmed to be a manually
reset contact or an auto reset contact through Soft
Switch 7.

The IRF contact is a changeover contact. When the auxiliary power supply
to the MK2200 is absent or the MK2200 relay malfunctions, the IRF relay
will not operate indicating a fault condition. However, if the power supply to
the MK2200 is switched on and it function normally, the IRF contact
operates causing the normally-open (NO) contact to close and the normally-
close (NC) contact to open.
MK2200 is equipped with an optically isolated serial RS485 communication
port running serial Modbus-RTU protocol. This allows the relay to be
connected to a SCADA system for central monitoring purpose.
11

2.9 Time-Current Characteristic Curves
Normal inverse curve
Very inverse curve
Extremely inverse curve
Long-time inverse curve
The equations for the above IDMT curves can be expressed as



Where, t = operating time in seconds

K = time multiplier


I = measured current

I> = set current



t =
K
( I/ I>)

1

= constant
= constant

Characteristic curve
Normal Inverse 0.02 0.14
Very Inverse 1.00 13.50
Extremely Inverse 2.00 80.00
Long -time Inverse 1.00 120.00

The low-set overcurrent element [51] and the low-set earth fault element
[51N] can be independently programmed to have variable time delay
proportional to the fault current in a manner prescribed by IEC standard
IEC60255-3. These are called inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) curves.
There are four available curve selections for MK2200:
NORMAL INVERSE
1 0
0.1
1
10
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
20
K
t/s
I/I>
12
1
VERY INVERSE
1 0
0.01
0.1
1
10
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
1.0
20
K
t/s
I/I>
13

EXTREMELY INVERSE
1 0
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
0.05 0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
1.0
20
K
t/s
I/I>
14
1
INVERSE
INVERSE INVERSE
EXTREMELY INVERSE
LONG-TIME INVERSE
1
0.1
1
10
100
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
1.0
20
200
K
t/s
I/I>
15
0 1
16


3.1 Four-digit Display
Number
Value
3.2 Indicators

When lighted, it indicates the presence of auxiliary power supply
to MK2200.



Chapter 3: Display and User Programming
MK2200 has a very user friendly front panel inter face. Item selected will have its
indicator or indicators lighted up and the corresponding parameter for the selected
item will be shown on a four-digit display.
The 4-digit display shows the parameter of the selected item. It can be
divided into two sections. The left-most digit forms the first section which
represents the number or group selection. The three right-most digit forms
the second section which represents the value or setting.
When any of the overcurrent or earth fault protection element
pick-up /started, this indicator lights up. It turns off when all
elements which started the pick-up are reset.
When this indicator is lighted, the 4-digit display shows the
measured current for phase L1. If this indicator and the Record
indicator light up simultaneously, the value shown on the 4-digit
display is the recorded current for L1 at the moment of tripping.
When the relay trip due to tripping of any of the protection
element; this indicator blinks to indicate a tripped condition.
17


When this indicator is lighted, the 4-digit display shows the
measured current for phase L2. If this indicator and the Record
indicator light up simultaneously, the value shown on the 4-digit
display is the recorded current for L2 at the moment of tripping.

When this indicator is lighted, the 4-digit display shows the
measured current for phase L3. If this indicator and the Record
indicator light up simultaneously, the value shown on the 4-digit
display is the recorded current for L3 at the moment of tripping.

When this indicator is lighted, the 4-digit display shows the
measured earth fault current L0. If this indicator and the Record
indicator light up simultaneously, the value shown on the 4-digit
display is the recorded earth fault current at the moment of
tripping.

This indicator lights up simultaneously with either indicators I
L1
, I
L2
,
I
L3
or indicator I
LO
. When selected, the digit display shows the
latest tripping fault current of the corresponding phases I
L1
, I
L2
, I
L3

or I
LO
.
There are nine sets of trip records. To view all the records, press
the UP or DOWN key. The left section of the four-digit display
shows the record number and the right section of the four-digit
display shows the trip current. Record 1 is the latest record.
Record
Number
Trip Current

The fault current recorded is the
current at the moment of relay tripping
and not when the relay starts. The
fault records are stored in non-volatile
memory thus will not be erased even
after the auxiliary power supply to the
relay is switched off.
NOTE
18


When this item is selected, the four-digit display shows the latest
relay start time. This start time is the time period from relay pick-
up until relay reset. The minimum record time is 0.1 second.
User can use this start timer to determine the duration of starting
current for a heavy load such as a motor load or to check the total
tripping time inclusive of breaker operating time. This timer will be
overridden by a new start event or will be erased when the
auxiliary power supply to the relay is switched off.


When this item is selected, the four-digit display shows the low-set
overcurrent setting of the relay. The left section of the four-digit
display indicates whether the setting is for Group A or for Group B
and the right section indicates the corresponding low-set
overcurrent setting for either Group A or Group B. The overcurrent
setting is expressed as ratio of I
setting
/I
rated.
Examples:
Group A Setting Value 80% Group B Setting Value 100%


When this item is selected, depending on the settings of Soft
Switch 8 and 9, the right section of the four-digit display shows
either the low-set overcurrent time multiplier or the low-set
overcurrent definite time delay. The left section of the four-digit
display shows whether the selected setting is for Group A or for
Group B.

When definite time delay is chosen; the unit of measurement is
second.

19


When this item is selected, the four-digit display shows the high-
set overcurrent setting of the relay. The left section of the four-digit
display indicates whether the setting is for Group A or for Group B
and the right section indicates the corresponding high-set
overcurrent setting for either Group A or Group B. The overcurrent
setting is expressed as ratio of I
setting
/I
rated.

When this item is selected, the four-digit display shows the high-
set overcurrent definite time delay. The left section of the four-digit
display shows whether the selected setting is for Group A or for
Group B. The unit of measurement is in second.


When this is selected, the four-digit display shows the low-set
earth fault setting of the relay. The left section of the four-digit
display indicates whether the setting is for Group A or for Group B
and the right section indicates the corresponding low-set earth
fault setting for either Group A or Group B. The earth fault setting
is expressed as ratio of I
setting
/I
rated
.


When this item is selected, depending on the settings of Soft
Switch 8 and 9, the right section of the four-digit display shows
either the low-set earth fault time multiplier or the low-set earth
fault definite time delay. The left section of the four-digit display
shows whether the selected setting is for Group A or for Group B.

When definite time delay is chosen; the unit of measurement is
second.


When this item is selected, the four-digit display shows the high-
set earth fault setting of the relay. The left section of the four-digit
display indicates whether the setting is for Group A or for Group B
and the right section indicates the corresponding high-set earth
fault setting for either Group A or Group B. The earth fault setting
is expressed as ratio of I
setting
/I
rated.

When this item is selected, the four-digit display shows the high-
set earth fault definite time delay. The left section of the four-digit
display shows whether the selected setting is for Group A or for
Group B. The unit of measurement is in second.
20



3.3 Display under Normal Non-tripped Condition


NOTE
3.4 Display under Start Condition

When any of MK2200s protection elements pickup, the following indicators
light up.


This indicator shows the relay has started
One or more of these indicators blinks to indicate the cause of starng.
This indicator mimic status of the digital input of MK2200A
regardless of the Soft Switch A setting. This indicator lights up
when the input is active (voltage source connected across
Terminal 13 and Terminal 14).
When MK2200A is switched on, the AUX indicator lights up and a lamp test
on the four-digit display is performed. After that, the decimal point on the
left-most digit blinks indicating that the relay is functioning normally.
Blinking,
If the relay was previously switched off after tripping
without resetting, the display will resume the previous
trip state during subsequent power up.
One or more of these indicators blinks to indicate the
cause of tripping.


21
3.5 Display under Trip Condition

When MK2200 trips; the following indicators light up.
This indicator shows the relay tripped
One or more of these indicators blinks to indicate the cause of
tripping.


Blinking display indicates the tripping current
3.6 The RESET/STEP Key
This key has the following three functions:

a. To reset the relay when tripped.
b. To reset the output contacts which are configured to response to
relay start and as manually reset contacts.
c. Function selection when the relay is in non-trip conditions.
22

The sequence of function selection by pressing the Reset/Step key is as the
flow diagram below.
Group A: Io>/In
Group B: Kto>
Group A: Kto>
Group B: Io>/In
Group A: to>>
Group B: Io>>/In
Group A: Io>>/In
Group B: to>>

START
IL1
IL2
IL3
Io
IL1 Record
IL2 Record
IL3 Record
Io Record
Start time
Group A: I>/In
Group B: I>/In
Group A: Kt>
Group B: Kt>
Group A: I>>/In
Group B: t>>
Group A: t>>
Group B: I>>/In
IL1 Record
IL2 Record
IL3 Record
Io Record
*

Other
Other
Other
Other
*
*
*
* Use UP or DOWN key
3.7 The PROGRAM Key
Figure 3.1: The sequence of function selection

Once the desired function or Soft Switch has been selected by the STEP
key or the SWITCH key and the selected item is programmable, pressing
the PROGRAM key enables the programming mode for the selected item.
The value or setting of the selected item can then be changed by pressing
the UP or DOWN key. Pressing the PROGRAM key again while in the
programming mode will cause the relay to exit the programming mode with
the new value or setting saved into a non-volatile memory.

23
3.8 The UP and DOWN Keys

Press and hold these keys allow fast changing of the
value or setting.



3.9 The SWITCH Key

NOTE


3.10 Programming the Protection Functions

The following steps are for the programming of
Low-set overcurrent I>
Low-set time multiplier/ time delay K t>
High-set overcurrent I>>
High-set time delay t>>
Low-set earth fault Io>
Low-set time multiplier/ time delay K to>
High-set earth fault Io>>
High-set time delay to>>

When in programming mode, pressing these keys change the value or
setting of the selected item. MK2200 has a maximum of nine fault records.
If the UP or DOWN key is pressed when viewing these records, it move to
the previous or next record respectively.

Pressing this SWITCH key allows the selection the Soft Switches of by the
user.


24
Step 1
Select the function to be programmed by repeatedly pressing the STEP key.
The corresponding function indicator lights up.
Step 2
Press the PROGRAM key once and the indicator adjacent to the PROGRAM
key lights up. This indicates that the relay is now in programming mode.
Simultaneously, one of the function indicators blinks to indicate that the
particular function is selected for programming.
Step 3
Use the UP or DOWN key to select the desire value.
Step 4
To save the selected modified value, press the PROGRAM key once. The
light indicator adjacent to the PROGRAM key turns off and the selected
function indicator stops blinking.

To abort without saving the modified value, press the STEP key.
25
3.11 Programming the Soft Switches
The following steps are for programming the Soft Switches.

Step 1
Press the SWITCH key and the light indicator adjacent to the SWITCH key
lights up. Repeatedly pressing the SWITCH key until the desired switch
number appears on the display.
Switch
Number
Switch Setting
Step 2
Press the PROGRAM key once and the indicator adjacent to the PROGRAM
key lights up. This indicates that the relay is now in programming mode for
Soft Switches. The blinking switch number on the four-digit display indicates
the Soft Switch selected.
Step 3
Use the UP or DOWN key to select the desire value.
26

Step 4
To save the modified Soft Switch, press the PROGRAM key once. The light
indicator adjacent to the PROGRAM key turns off and the switch number
stops blinking.

To abort without saving the modified value, press the STEP key or the
SWITCH key.
27
This Chapter describes the functions of all the Soft Switches. The following convention
is used for the descriptions.
Switch
Number
Switch
Value
Digit2 Digit1
Soft Switch 1





Chapter 4: Soft Switches
This Soft switch is for enabling or disabling the high-set elements of overcurrent and
earth fault for Group A and Group B protection settings. In addition, it also allows the
enabling and delay selection of CBFP [50BF] protection function. Refer to Chapter 2
for details on CBFP.

Soft Switch 1
S1.7 S1.6 S1.5 S1.4 S1.3 S1.2 S1.1 S1.0
Remarks
CBFP
(A)
CBFP
(A)
Io>>
(B)
Io>>
(A)
CBFP
(B)
CBFP
(B)
I>>
(B)
I>>
(A)
Default setting
(Binary)
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
Default setting
(Hexadecimal)
3 (Digit 2) 3 (Digit 1)
Users setting
(Binary)

Users setting
(Hexadecimal)

Soft Switches are used for the following functions:
To set system frequency (60Hz or 50Hz)
To configure MK2200s output contacts R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5
To configure the IDMT characteristic curves for low-set overcurrent and
earth fault
To disable the high-set overcurrent and earth fault
To enable Circuit Breaker Failure Protection function
To configure the digital input
To configure Modbus-RTU serial communication


28



S1.0
This switch is for selection of overcurrent high-set for Group A
1 = overcurrent high-set enabled
0 = overcurrent high-set disabled

S1.1
This switch is for selection of overcurrent high-set for Group B
1 = overcurrent high-set enabled
0 = overcurrent high-set disabled

S1.4
This switch is for selection of earth fault high-set for Group A
1 = earth fault high-set enabled
0 = earth fault high-set disabled

S1.5
This switch is for selection of earth fault high-set for Group B
1 = earth fault high-set enabled
0 = earth fault high-set disabled


50BF for Group A selection S1.7 S1.6
Disabled 0 0
120 mS delay [62] 0 1
150 mS delay [62] 1 0
200 mS delay [62] 1 1

50BF for Group B selection S1.3 S1.2
Disabled 0 0
120 mS delay [62] 0 1
150 mS delay [62] 1 0
200 mS delay [62] 1 1


CAUTION
S1.6/S1.7 and S1.2/s1.3 are switches for selection of breaker failure
protection (50BF) function for Group A and Group B respectively. The
selection is as shown in the table below:
Once the Breaker Failure Protection is selected, Relay
R2 will be the dedicated breaker failure output tripping
contact for backup breaker. All settings in relation to
R2 on Soft Switch 2 will be ignored.

29


Soft Switch 2 to 5

Table below shows the general setting option for contact output Rx and Soft Switch x.

Sx.7 Sx.6 Sx.5 Sx.4 Sx.3 Sx.2 Sx.1 Sx.0
Remarks
Io>>
trip
Io>>
start
Io>
trip
Io>
start
I>>
trip
I>>
start
I>
trip
I>
start
Default setting
(Binary)

Default setting
(Hexadecimal)
(Digit 2) (Digit 1)
Users setting
(Binary)

Users setting
(Hexadecimal)



Sx.0
This switch relates the relay output Rx to low-set overcurrent start signal

1 = Rx responding to low-set overcurrent start signal
0 = Rx not responding to low-set overcurrent start signal

Sx.1
This switch relates the relay output Rx to low-set overcurrent trip signal

1 = Rx responding to low-set overcurrent trip signal
0 = Rx not responding to low-set overcurrent trip signal

Sx.2
This switch relates the relay output Rx to high-set overcurrent start signal

1 = Rx responding to high-set overcurrent start signal
0 = Rx not responding to high-set overcurrent start signal

Sx.3
This switch relates the relay output Rx to high-set overcurrent trip signal

1 = Rx responding to high-set overcurrent trip signal
0 = Rx not responding to high-set overcurrent trip signal

Soft Switches 2 to 5 are used to configure the functional characteristic of contact
output R2, R3, R4 and R5 respectively. Through these four Soft Switches, the
corresponding contact outputs can be configured to response to one or more events
such as relay start (pickup) and relay trip generated by any of the overcurrent or earth
fault protection elements.
30


Sx.4
This switch relates the relay output Rx to low-set earth fault start signal

1 = Rx responding to low-set earth fault start signal
0 = Rx not responding to low-set earth fault start signal

Sx.5
This switch relates the relay output Rx to low-set earth fault trip signal

1 = Rx responding to low-set earth fault trip signal
0 = Rx not responding to low-set earth fault trip signal

Sx.6
This switch relates the relay output Rx to high-set earth fault start signal

1 = Rx responding to high-set earth fault start signal
0 = Rx not responding to high-set earth fault start signal

Sx.7
This switch relates the relay output Rx to high-set earth fault trip signal

1 = Rx responding to high-set earth fault trip signal
0 = Rx not responding to high-set earth fault trip signal
Soft Switch 2
S2.7 S2.6 S2.5 S2.4 S2.3 S2.2 S2.1 S2.0
Remarks
Io>>
trip
Io>>
start
Io>
trip
Io>
start
I>>
trip
I>>
start
I>
trip
I>
start
Default setting
(Binary)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Default setting
(Hexadecimal)
0 0
Users setting
(Binary)

Users setting
(Hexadecimal)


Soft Switch 3

S3.7 S3.6 S3.5
S3.
4
S3.3 S3.2
S3.
1
S3.0
Remarks
Io>>
trip
Io>>
start
Io>
trip
Io>
start
I>>
trip
I>>
start
I>
trip
I>
start
Default setting
(Binary)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Default setting
(Hexadecimal)
0 1
Users setting
(Binary)

Users setting
(Hexadecimal)






31
Soft Switch 4

S4.7 S4.6 S4.5
S4.
4
S4.3 S4.2
S4.
1
S4.0
Remarks
Io>>
trip
Io>>
start
Io>
trip
Io>
start
I>>
trip
I>>
start
I>
trip
I>
start
Default setting
(Binary)
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
Default setting
(Hexadecimal)
0 A
Users setting
(Binary)

Users setting
(Hexadecimal)


Soft Switch 5

S5.7 S5.6 S5.5
S5.
4
S5.3 S5.2
S5.
1
S5.0
Remarks
Io>>
trip
Io>>
start
Io>
trip
Io>
start
I>>
trip
I>>
start
I>
trip
I>
start
Default setting
(Binary)
1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Default setting
(Hexadecimal)
A 0
Users setting
(Binary)

Users setting
(Hexadecimal)



Output contact R1 is the default trip contact and cannot be
re-programmed.

CAUTION
32

Soft Switch 6
Soft Switch 6 configures the output contacts R1, R2, R3, R4 & R5 to be latching type
or non-latching type of contact when responding to a start signal.
Soft Switch 6

S6.7 S6.6 S6.5
S6.
4
S6.3 S6.2 S6.1 S6.0
Remarks
Not
used
Not
used
Not
used
R5 R4 R3 R2 R1
Default setting
(Binary)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Default setting
(Hexadecimal)
0 0
Users setting
(Binary)
0 0 0
Users setting
(Hexadecimal)


S6.0
This switch determines the contact type for R1 when responding to start
signal

1 = Manual reset for R1 when responding to a start signal
0 = Auto reset for R1 when responding to a start signal

S6.1
1 = Manual reset for R2 when responding to a start signal
0 = Auto reset for R2 when responding to a start signal

S6.2
This switch determines the contact type for R3 when responding to start
signal

1 = Manual reset for R3 when responding to a start signal
0 = Auto reset for R3 when responding to a start signal

S6.3
This switch determines the contact type for R4 when responding to start
signal

1 = Manual reset for R4 when responding to a start signal
0 = Auto reset for R4 when responding to a start signal
This switch determines the contact type for R2 when responding to start
signal
33

S6.4
This switch determines the contact type for R5 when responding to start
signal

1 = Manual reset for R5 when responding to a start signal
0 = Auto reset for R5 when responding to a start signal

S6.5 to S6.7
Not used.
34


Soft Switch 7

Soft Switch 7 configures the output contacts R1, R2, R3, R4 & R5 to be latching type
or non-latching type of contact when responding to a trip signal.

Soft Switch 7
S7.7 S7.6 S7.5 S7.4 S7.3 S7.2 S7.1 S7.0
Remarks
Not
used
Not
used
Not
used
R5 R4 R3 R2 R1
Default setting
(Binary)
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
Default setting
(Hexadecimal)
1 8
Users setting
(Binary)
0 0 0
Users setting
(Hexadecimal)



S7.0
1 = Manual reset for R1 when responding to a trip signal
0 = Auto reset for R1 when responding to a trip signal

S7.1

1 = Manual reset for R2 when responding to a trip signal
0 = Auto reset for R2 when responding to a trip signal

S7.2


1 = Manual reset for R3 when responding to a trip signal
0 = Auto reset for R3 when responding to a trip signal

S7.3



1 = Manual reset for R4 when responding to a trip signal
0 = Auto reset for R4 when responding to a trip signal

This switch determines the contact type for R1 when responding to trip
signal
This switch determines the contact type for R2 when responding to trip
signal
This switch determines the contact type for R3 when responding to trip
signal
This switch determines the contact type for R4 when responding to trip
signal

35
S7.4
This switch determines the contact type for R5 when responding to trip
signal

1 = Manual reset for R5 when responding to a trip signal
0 = Auto reset for R5 when responding to a trip signal

S7.5 to S7.7
Not used.
36
Soft Switch 8


Digit 2 Digit 1
Remarks K t> (Group A) K to> (Group A)
Default setting 1 1
Users setting


Time-current characteristic for earth fault Setting
Normal inverse 1
Very inverse 2
Extremely inverse 3
Long-time inverse 4
Definite time 5



Time-current characteristic for overcurrent Setting
Normal inverse 1
Very inverse 2
Extremely inverse 3
Long-time inverse 4
Definite time 5


This switch is Group As selection of IDMT curves for low-set overcurrent and low-set
earth fault.
Digit 1 is for configuring the time-current characteristic curve of low-set earth fault
element.
Digit 2 is for configuring the time-current characteristic curve of low-set overcurrent
element.
37
Soft Switch 9
Digit 2 Digit 1
Remarks K t> (Group B) K to> (Group B)
Default setting 1 1
Users setting



Time-current characteristic for earth fault Setting
Normal inverse 1
Very inverse 2
Extremely inverse 3
Long-time inverse 4
Definite time 5



Time-current characteristic for overcurrent Setting
Normal inverse 1
Very inverse 2
Extremely inverse 3
Long-time inverse 4
Definite time 5

This switch is Group Bs selection of IDMT curves for low-set overcurrent and low-set
earth fault.
Digit 1 is for configuring the time-current characteristic curve of low-set earth fault
element.
Digit 2 is for configuring the time-current characteristic curve of low-set overcurrent
element.
38
Soft Switch A
Input for switching the protection settings between Group A and Group B
Input for blocking the selected overcurrent and earth fault protection
elements
Input for remotely resetting a trip relay or resetting manual start contacts
Input for tripping the MK2200 by another external device.
Besides being used for configuration of the digital input, switch SA.7 enable the
automatic doubling of high-set overcurrent setting during a cold load pickup. Cold load
pickup is started when the phase current increases from below 0.12 times of the low-
set overcurrent setting to 3 times the low-set overcurrent setting in less than 60ms.
This condition ends when the phase current fall below 2 times the low-set overcurrent
setting.
Soft Switch A
SA.7 SA.6 SA.5 SA.4 SA.3 SA.2 SA.1 SA.0
Remarks CLP Trip Reset
Switch
Group
Block
I>>
Block
I>
Block
Io>>
Block
Io>
Default setting
(Binary)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Default setting
(Hexadecimal)
0 0
Users setting
(Binary)
Users setting
(Hexadecimal)
SA.0
When selected, this switch blocks the low-set earth fault element from
operation
1 = Enable the blocking function
0 = Disable the blocking function
SA.1
When selected, this switch blocks the high-set earth fault element from
operation
1 = Enable the blocking function
0 = Disable the blocking function
The digital input of MK2200 can be used for several functions and its intended function
is determined by the setting of Soft Switch A. The available functions for the digital
input are as shown below and only one function can be selected at any one time.
39
SA.2
When selected, this switch blocks the low-set overcurrent element from
operation
1 = Enable the blocking function
0 = Disable the blocking function
SA.3
When selected, this switch blocks the high-set element from
operation
1 = Enable the blocking function
0 = Disable the blocking function
SA.4
When selected, the digital input switches the protection settings between
Group A and Group B. If the digital input is in the ON state, Group B settings
is selected otherwise Group A settings is selected. The digital input is in the
ON stage if appropriate voltage appears between the two input terminals.
1 = Enable the group switching function
0 = Disable the group switching function
SA.5
When selected, the digital input becomes the remote reset input for MK2200
when MK2200 trips.
1 = Enable remote reset function
0 = Disable remote reset function
SA.6
When selected, an active digital input initiates a tripping causing only the
output contact R1 of MK2200 to be activated. This input is for any external
device to trip the relay.
1 = Enable external tripping function
0 = Disable external tripping function
SA.7
When selected, the high-set overcurrent setting automatically doubled
during a cold load pickup.
Refer to Chapter 2 on details of cold load pickup.
1 = Enable the cold load pickup function
0 = Disable the cold load pickup function
overcurrent
40
Soft Switch B

Digit 2 Digit 1
Default setting 4 7
Users setting


Digit 1 is for selection of communication baud rate.

Baud rate Digit 1 setting
300 1
600 2
1200 3
2400 4
4800 5
9600 6
19200 7


Digit 2 is for selection of data format.

Data format Digit 2 setting
1 start bit, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit 1
1 start bit, 8 data bits, no parity, 2 stop bit 2
1 start bit, 8 data bits, odd parity, 1 stop bit 3
1 start bit, 8 data bits, even parity, 1 stop bit 4


This Soft Switch set the serial communication format for MK2200. It configures the
data format and baud rate for the Modbus communication between host computer
(client) and MK2200 (server).
41
Soft Switch C

Unit number setting
Default setting 1
Users setting

Every Modbus device on a network is identified by a unique devices unit number. This
Soft Switch is for configuring the unit number for MK2200. The setting range for
MK2200s unit number is from 1 to 127 and it is displayed in hexadecimal format.
Example, if the intended unit number is 42, then the display shows the equivalent
hexadecimal value of 2A. Please refer to Appendix B for conversion between decimal
number and hexadecimal number.
Soft Switch D

Setting
Default setting 0
Users setting

1 = Remote programming enabled
0 = Remote programming disabled

The settings of MK2200 can either be changed through the front panel or through the
serial Modbus-RTU communication. However, programming of settings by remote
serial Modbus-RTU communication can be disabled by using this Soft Switch to
prevent unauthorised or inadvertent change of relays settings.
42
Soft switch E
Description Display value
OFF all output contacts 00
ON output contact R1 only 01
ON output contact R2 only 02
ON output contact R3 only 03
ON output contact R4 only 04
ON output contact R5 only 05

Steps to switch the output contacts:
1. Select Soft Switch E by repeatedly pressing the SWITCH key
2. Press PROGRAM key and the Switch Number E flashing
3. Press the UP or DOWN key to change the displayed value and the
corresponding output contact will be switched on
4. To exit the test, press the SWITCH or PROGRAM key

All output contacts will be switched off after the test
irrespective of their previous state.


NOTE
This Soft Switch provides a mean for the user to manually turn on or turn off the
relays output contacts. This is very useful during testing and commissioning of the
relay. During the test, one of the relays output contacts can be switched on
sequentially. Upon exiting the test, all output contacts will be switched off regardless of
their state prior to the test.
43
Soft Switch F

This Soft Switch is for selecting the operation frequency of the electrical system to be
protected.

Setting
Default setting 0 (50Hz)
Users setting

1 = 60 Hz system frequency
0 = 50 Hz system frequency

CAUTION

System frequency must be set correctly before commissioning.
Failure to do so will result in erroneous phase and earth fault
current measurements.
44


5.1 Connection Terminals
Figure 5.1: Rear view of MK2200
Chapter 5: Connection
45
Connection terminal

Function Description
1 5A / 1A common CT input for I
L1
2 5A CT input for I
L1
3 1A CT input for I
L1
4 5A /1 A common CT input for I
L2
5 5A CT input for I
L2
6 1A CT input for I
L2
7 5A / 1A common CT input for I
L3
8 5A CT input for I
L3
9 1A CT input for I
L3
10 5A / 1A common CT input for I
0
11 5A CT input for I
0
12 1A CT input for I
0
13 External digital input
14 External digital input
15 to 21 Not used
22 Termination resistor (for RS485)
23 RS485 negative terminal
24 RS485 positive terminal
25 Communication cable shield
26,27 Output contact R5
28 N.C. contact for IRF
29 N.O. contact for IRF
30 COMMON contact for IRF
31 Casing earth terminal
32 Auxiliary supply input (No polarity)
33 Auxiliary supply input (No polarity)
34 N.C. contact for tripping contact R1
35 N.O. contact for tripping contact R1
36 COMMON contact for contact R1
37,38 Output contact R2
39,40 Output contact R3
41,42 Output contact R4
46
5.2 Connection Diagrams
MK2200
321 654 9
87 1
2
1
1
1
0
3
1
3
2
3
3
1
3
1
4
3
4
3
6
3
5
3
8
3
7
4
0
3
9
4
2
4
1
2
7
2
6
2
8
3
0
2
9
2
5
2
4
2
2
2
3
L
x
t
e
r
n
a
l
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
|
n
p
u
t
U
a
u
x
P
S
4
8
5
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
c
a
b
l
e
s
h
i
e
l
d
P
a
i
l
u
r
e
P
e
l
a
y
|
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
P
l
P
2
P
3
P
4
P
5
L
l
L
2
L
3
N
T
r
i
p
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
T
e
r
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
P
e
s
i
s
t
o
r
N
-
P
+
C
O
M
C
O
M
C
O
M
C
O
M
Example 1: Typical connection diagram
47
MK2200
321 654 9
87 1
2
1
1
1
0
3
1
3
2
3
3
1
3
1
4
3
4
3
6
3
5
3
8
3
7
4
0
3
9
4
2
4
1
2
7
2
6
2
8
3
0
2
9
2
5
2
4
2
2
2
3
L
x
t
e
r
n
a
l
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
|
n
p
u
t
U
a
u
x
P
S
4
8
5
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
c
a
b
l
e
s
h
i
e
l
d
P
a
i
l
u
r
e
P
e
l
a
y
|
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
P
l
P
2
P
3
P
4
P
5
L
l
L
2
L
3
T
r
i
p
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
T
e
r
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
P
e
s
i
s
t
o
r
N
-
P
+
C
O
M
C
O
M
C
O
M
C
O
M
Example 2: Typical connection diagram
48

Chapter 6: Case Dimension
l42 mm
m

5
6
l
m
Front
l29 l mm
m

l



9
3
l
m
PaneI Cutout
l98 mm
34 mm
m

6
3
l
m
Side
49

Input
Output
Chapter 7: Technical Data

i) Measuring inputs
Rated current I 1A or 5A
Thermal withstand capability
4 x I continuous
25 x I for less than 10 sec
100 x I for less than 1 sec

Burden <0.3VA at I
ii) Rated auxiliary supply voltage
Model MK2200-150D 24~150VDC
Model MK2200-240AD
85~265VAC
110~340VDC

iii) Power consumption 5~9W typical
iv) External digital input
18~265VDC
85~265VAC

i) All contact
Rated voltage 250VAC
Continuously carry 5A AC or DC
Make and carry for 0.2sec 30A AC or DC

Expected electrical life (min
operation)
100,000 at max load

Expected mechanical life (min
operation)
5,000,000
Operating time Max. 15ms

n
n
n
n
n
50
Overcurrent element
i) Low - set
Low-set setting I >

0.10 ~ 2.50 x I
n
step 0.01

Time multiplier

0.02 ~ 1.0 step 0.01


Definite time setting

Reset ratio 95% typical
IDMT curve and accuracy
class (IEC255 -3)
Normal inverse (E5)
Very inverse (E5)
Extremely inverse (E7.5)
Long-time inverse (E5)

ii) High-set

High-set setting I >>


Definite time setting

0.1 to 10 I step 0.05
10 to 40 I step 0.1

Earth fault element
i) Low-set
Low-set setting Io > 0.05 ~ 1.0 x I
n
step 0.01
Time multiplier 0.02 ~ 1.0 step 0.01

Definite time setting

Reset ratio 95% typical
IDMT curve and accuracy
class (IEC255 -3)
Normal inverse (E5)
Very inverse (E5)
Extremely inverse (E7.5)
Long -time inverse (E5)

ii) High-set
High-set setting I >>

0.05 ~ 10.0 x I
n
step 0.05

Definite time setting


0 ~ 10.0 s step 0.01
10.0 ~ 100 s step 0.1
100 ~ 300 s step 1
0 ~ 10.0 s step 0.01
10.0 ~ 100 s step 0.1
100 ~ 300 s step 1
0 ~ 10.0 s step 0.01
10.0 ~ 100 s step 0.1
100 ~ 300 s step 1
0 ~ 10.0 s step 0.01
10.0 ~ 100 s step 0.1
100 ~ 300 s step 1
n
n
51

Communication

i) Hardware interface Isolated RS485

ii) Protocol Modbus -RTU

iii) Baud rate 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800,
9600, 19200

52

Insulation Tests
High voltage dielectric withstand test
IEC60255-5
2 kVRMS, 1 minute
High voltage impulse test
IEC60255-5
5 kV, 1,2/50 ms

EMC Tests, Immunity
Electrostatic discharge immunity
IEC 61000-4-2, IEC 60947-2
8 kV air discharge; 8 kV contact discharge
Radiated EM field immunity
IEC 61000-4-3, IEC 60947-2
10 V/m
80 - 1000 MHz
1,4 2,0 GHz
Electrical Fast Transient immunity
IEC 61000-4-4, IEC 60947-2
5/50 ns; 5 kHz
4 kV; AC input power port (U >= 100 VAC)
2 kV; signal ports
Surge transient immunity
IEC 61000-4-5, IEC 60947-2
1,2/50 s
4 kV; AC input power port (line to line)
4 kV; AC input power port (line to earth)
1 kV; signal ports (line to line); Modbus -
RTU
2 kV; signal ports (line to earth); Modbus -
RTU
Damped oscillatory wave
IEC 61000-4-12, IEC 60255-22-1, IEC
60694
1 MHz ringing wave (IEC60255-22-1)
0,5 s 100 kHz (IEC60694)
1,0 kV; AC input power port (line to line)
2,5 kV; AC input power port (line to earth)
1,0 kV; signal port (line to line); Modbus -
RTU
2,5 kV; signal port (line to earth); Modbus -
RTU
RF Conducted immunity
IEC 61000-4-6, IEC 60947-2
0,15 80 MHz; 1 kHz 80% AM
10 V; AC input power port
Current dips
IEC 61000-4-11, IEC 60947-2
No tripping allowed at 0.9 times the current
setting
Power supply interruptions and ripple
EN 61000-4-11, IEC 60255-11
U
NOM
100% (5 ms, 10 ms, 20 ms, 50ms,
100ms
and 200 ms)
12 % ripple (AC component, full wave
rectified,
100 Hz) on DC power supply
Power frequency magnetic field
IEC 61000-4-8
30 A/m, 100 A/m, 300 A/m
Chapter 8: Test and Standards
53
Harmonic currents
IEC 60947-2
50 Hz plus 150 Hz, 75 % Harmonic current
50 Hz plus 250 Hz, 50 % Harmonic current
Step 1: Total RMS value = 0,9 times the
current setting
Step 2: Total RMS value = 2 times the
current setting
LF signals
IEC 61000-4-16
15 150 kHz, 30 V
RMS
, 50 Hz continuous
and 300 V
RMS
short duration, mains power
input

EMC Tests, Emission
Mains conducted disturbance voltage
EN 55011 Group 1 Class B
Passed
Radiated EM Field emission
CISPR 11 Group 1 Class B
Passed

54

Binary to hexadecimal - conversion t able: -
Hexadecimal Binary
0 0000
1 0001
2 0010
3 0011
4 0100
5 0101
6 0110
7 0111
8 1000
9 1001
A 1010
B 1011
C 1100
D 1101
E 1110
F 1111
Decimal
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Chapter 9: Appendix A
55

Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversation

Decimal Hexadecimal Decimal Hexadecimal Decimal Hexadecimal
1 1 44 2C 87 57
2 2 45 2D 88 58
3 3 46 2E 89 59
4 4 47 2F 90 5A
5 5 48 30 91 5B
6 6 49 31 92 5C
7 7 50 32 93 5D
8 8 51 33 94 5E
9 9 52 34 95 5F
10 A 53 35 96 60
11 B 54 36 97 61
12 C 55 37 98 62
13 D 56 38 99 63
14 E 57 39 100 64
15 F 58 3A 101 65
16 10 59 3B 102 66
17 11 60 3C 103 67
18 12 61 3D 104 68
19 13 62 3E 105 69
20 14 63 3F 106 6A
21 15 64 40 107 6B
22 16 65 41 108 6C
23 17 66 42 109 6D
24 18 67 43 110 6E
25 19 68 44 111 6F
26 1A 69 45 112 70
27 1B 70 46 113 71
28 1C 71 47 114 72
29 1D 72 48 115 73
30 1E 73 49 116 74
31 1F 74 4A 117 75
32 20 75 4B 118 76
33 21 76 4C 119 77
34 22 77 4D 120 78
35 23 78 4E 121 79
36 24 79 4F 122 7A
37 25 80 50 123 7B
38 26 81 51 124 7C
39 27 82 52 125 7D
40 28 83 53 126 7E
41 29 84 54 127 7F
42 2A 85 55
43 2B 86 56

Chapter 10: Appendix B