Basic Reference and Citation (Harvard APA) : Others' Work

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OTHERS' WORK
No. OW1
Basic reference and
citation (Harvard APA)
Please note: most University of Portsmouth courses require that students use the
Harvard APA referencing system. The exceptions are:
Students of the School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, who are expected
to use the 'Vancouver' referencing protocol
Students following History courses in the School of Social, Historical and Literary
Studies (SSHLS), or Law course in the E jsiness School, who are expected to use
a protocol that uses footnotes
If you fall into either of the above categories you mus NOT follow the examples on
this sheet. Ifyou nave any doubts, consult yoi. tutor.
Referencing is what you do at the end oan as;ignment where you list the sources you
have used to complete that piece of work. This l;t is called either a reference list or a
bibliography1, and it is always written n alphabotical order by author ame.
Citation is what you do in the actual text of your assignment when you want to indcate
the source you have used orfrom which you ha\ quoted.
This sheet gives examples of references and cihtions for just three common source
types. For detailed explanaton of referencing an plagiarism and advice on the full range
of source types please consult the guide Referen :ing and citation (Harvard APA style),
available from the Frewen Library and the Acade lie Skills Unit in the Nuffield Centre and
from http://www.port.ac.uk/infoskills.
Type of
source
Books
Reference structure
Dryden, G. & Vos, J. (1999). The
learning revolution. Torrance, CA:
The Learning Web.
Kennedy, A. (2000). The Rough
Guide to the Internet (6lh ed.).
London: Rough Quides.
Muir, J. (2000). Excel 2000: An
advanced course for students,
Exeter: Learning Matters.
Citation example
It has been claimed that >e//eHhat
one is a poor learner can become
a 'self- fulfilling prophecy' (Dryden
& Vos, 1999, pp. 231 - 233).
...indeed the Internet has even
been described as a "real bag of
tricks" (Kennedy, 2000, p. 3).
Muir (2000, p. 56) makes the point
that it is sometimes convenient
to...
P.T.O.
1 Strictly speaking a bibliography includes all sources you have used, whercas a reference list contains only sources
you have cited in your text.
<M
Universiyof
Portsmouth
(contd.)
Type of
source
Journal
articles
Internet
documenta
Reference structure
Bush, J. (2001). Ladylike uves?
Upper class women's
autobiographies and the politics of
late Victorian and Edwardian
Britan. Literature and History,
10(2), 42 -61.
Delle Fave, A., Bassi, M., &
Massimini, F. (2003). Quality of
experience and risk perception n
high-altitude rock climbing. Journal
of Applied Sport Psychology,
75(1), 82-98.
Hucklesby, A. (2001). Plice bail
and the use of conditions
[Electronic versin]2. Criminal
Justice, 1(4), 441 -463.
Eating disorders in males, (n.d.).
Retrieved December 10, 2003,
from the National Centre for Eating
Disorders Web site:
http://www.eating-disorders.org.uk/docs/
males.doc
Komaitis, K. (2003). ICANN: Guilty
as charged? The Journal of
information, law and technology,
2003(1). Retrieved February 9,
2004, from
http://elj.warwick.ac.uk/jilt/
03-1/komaitis.htm3
Logan, T. (2004). TV-style adverts
arrive on web. Retrieved February
9, 2004, from
http://news.bbc.co.Uk/1/hi/
technology/3453663.stm
Citation example
Julia Bush (2001, p. 52)
comments that Cecil Rhodes
was the subject of "widespread
upper class female hero-
worship" and this is reflected in
the letters of. ..
A recent study into climbers'
motivation and risk perception
found that 'I wanted to do it' was
the most common reason given
for undertaking actvities
perceived as 'risky' (Delle Fave,
Bassi & Massimini, 2003, p. 92).
Hucklesby (2001 , pp. 444 - 445)
identifies a number of potential
!abuses! of this new power,
including...
...and it follows that research
into eating disorders in men is
' therefore much rarer ("Eating
disorders", n.d., para. 4).
It has been argued that ICANN
was also, in some cases,
contravening United States
antitrust laws (Komaitis, 2003).
New video advertisements were
to be tested on fifteen "high
profile" Web sites in February
2004 (Logan, 2004, para. 1).
This development may...
Consult the guide Referencing and citation (Harvard APA style), available from
h ttp: //w wvy. p o rt. a c. y k/a s k and from the Frewen Library, for full explanation of referencing
and citation and for examples of all other source types.
2 Add ' El ect r oni c versin' i n square bra'ckets i f you viewed and/ or p r i nt e d t he ar t i cl e f rom an o n i i n e source.
Use t h i s f orm al if t he J ou r na l i s a va i l a bl e onl y o n i i n e (.e. s not p r od t i c e d i n p r i n t e d f or m ) .
Un versi t yof
Portsmouth

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