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    Honors Advanced Calculus and Linear Algebra p7

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    marchelo_chelo
    This document is a homework assignment for an honors calculus and linear algebra class that includes problems on several advanced mathematics topics: 1. Showing that any closed 1-form on the punctured plane can be uniquely written as the sum of an exact 1-form and a multiple of a specific non-exact 1-form. 2. Proving that every closed affine 1-chain in a convex set is the boundary of some affine 2-chain in the set. 3. Constructing a 2-chain whose boundary is the difference between a curve in the set and a straight line segment, showing that closed 1-chains in convex sets are boundaries. 4. Solving two problems about

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    Honors Advanced Calculus and Linear Algebra p7

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    marchelo_chelo
    52 views2 pages
    This document is a homework assignment for an honors calculus and linear algebra class that includes problems on several advanced mathematics topics: 1. Showing that any closed 1-form on the punctured plane can be uniquely written as the sum of an exact 1-form and a multiple of a specific non-exact 1-form. 2. Proving that every closed affine 1-chain in a convex set is the boundary of some affine 2-chain in the set. 3. Constructing a 2-chain whose boundary is the difference between a curve in the set and a straight line segment, showing that closed 1-chains in convex sets are boundaries. 4. Solving two problems about

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    Honors Advanced Calculus and Linear Algebra

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    This document is a homework assignment for an honors calculus and linear algebra class that includes problems on several advanced mathematics topics: 1. Showing that any closed 1-form on the punctured plane can be uniquely written as the sum of an exact 1-form and a multiple of a specific non-exact 1-form. 2. Proving that every closed affine 1-chain in a convex set is the boundary of some affine 2-chain in the set. 3. Constructing a 2-chain whose boundary is the difference between a curve in the set and a straight line segment, showing that closed 1-chains in convex sets are boundaries. 4. Solving two problems about

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    52 views2 pages

    Honors Advanced Calculus and Linear Algebra p7

    Uploaded by

    marchelo_chelo
    This document is a homework assignment for an honors calculus and linear algebra class that includes problems on several advanced mathematics topics: 1. Showing that any closed 1-form on the punctured plane can be uniquely written as the sum of an exact 1-form and a multiple of a specific non-exact 1-form. 2. Proving that every closed affine 1-chain in a convex set is the boundary of some affine 2-chain in the set. 3. Constructing a 2-chain whose boundary is the difference between a curve in the set and a straight line segment, showing that closed 1-chains in convex sets are boundaries. 4. Solving two problems about

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    of 2

    Math 55b: Honors Advanced Calculus and Linear Algebra

    Homework Assignment #7 ( Day (March 14), 2003):


    Dierential forms, chains, integration, and more exterior algebra
    so
    6
    C

    = sl
    4
    C
    Fulton and Harris, Representation Theory: a First Course (Springer,
    1991), page 282 and elsewhere. This is one version of the ultimate ex-
    planation of the identication of the lines in a four-dimensional vector
    space with the points of a quadric in a ve-dimensional projective space
    over the same eld.
    1. Let E R
    2
    be the punctured plane R
    2
    {0}. Recall that we have constructed
    a closed but not exact 1-form d on E. Show that any closed 1-form on E
    can be written uniquely as + c d where is an exact 1-form and c R.
    [Thus the rst (deRham) cohomology H
    1
    (E, R) is one-dimensional, since
    it is generated by the class of d.] Give a formula for c in terms of .
    2. Prove that every closed ane 1-chain in a convex set E R
    n
    is the boundary
    of some ane 2-chain in E.
    3. Let E R
    n
    be a convex set, and : [a, b] E any C
    m
    curve. Construct a
    C
    m
    2-chain in E whose boundary is the dierence between and the ane
    1-simplex [(a), (b)]. [Hint: rather than working directly with 2-simplices it
    will be easier to use a 2-cell and then apply Exercise 17.] Conclude from this
    and the previous problem that every closed C
    m
    1-chain in a convex set is a
    boundary of a C
    m
    2-chain in the same convex set.
    Since we have shown that
    2
    = 0, this means that a 1-chain in a convex set is closed if
    and only if it is a boundary. The same is true for k-chains; the proof uses the same basic
    ideas, but requires rather more bookkeeping. For both your and Andreis sake Ill leave
    the details to a future course in algebraic or dierential topology.
    The next two problems from Rudin construct and investigate closed but not exact
    (n1)-forms on R
    n
    {0}, generalizing our form d on the punctured plane. These
    are a key ingredient in the proof of the Brouwer xed-point theorem and related
    results (such as the ham sandwich theorem and its generalization to R
    n
    ), at least
    for suciently dierentiable functions.
    4.5. Solve problems 22 and 23 in the text (pages 294296).
    6. Solve problem 29 (page 297).
    1
    Finally, a sorbet of exterior algebra:
    7. i) Let V be a nite-dimensional real inner product space. Prove that there is
    a unique inner product on
    d
    V such that (v
    1
    v
    d
    ), (v

    1
    v

    d
    ) =
    det(v
    i
    , v

    j
    )
    d
    i,j=1
    for any v
    1
    , . . . , v
    d
    , v

    1
    , . . . , v

    d
    V .
    ii) Now let V have dimension 4 and W =
    2
    V . Fix a generator of
    4
    V such
    that , = 1. (We may take = e
    1
    e
    2
    e
    3
    e
    4
    where e
    1
    , . . . , e
    4
    is an
    orthonormal basis for V .) We then have a bilinear pairing (, ) : W W R
    dened by ww

    = (w, w

    ). In the last problem set we showed in eect that


    this pairing is nondegenerate, and thus identies W with W

    . But now that


    V has an inner product structure we have another such pairing, , , and
    thus another identication of W with its dual. Composing one of these two
    identications with the others inverse yields a map : W W characterized
    by w, w

    = (w, w

    ) for all w, w

    W. Prove that is an involution each of


    whose eigenspaces W

    := {w W : w = w} has dimension 3.
    iii) For any v V , show that {v v

    |v V } and {v
    1
    v
    2
    |v
    i
    V, v, v
    i
    = 0} are
    isotropic subspaces of W of dimension 3, the maximum for an isotropic space
    for a pairing on a 6-dimensional space. Show that any 3-dimensional isotropic
    subspace is of one of these two forms, and that takes maximal isotropics of
    one kind to the other.
    iv) Recall that any linear transformation T of V induces a linear transformation

    2
    T of W [by (
    2
    T)(v v

    ) = (Tv) (Tv

    )]. Show that if T is orthogonal


    then
    2
    T takes W
    +
    to either W
    +
    or W

    . Which one is it?


    This problem set is due Friday, March 21 in class.
    2

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